公开(公告)号：US4808198A

公开(公告)日：1989-02-28

申请号：US150678

申请日：1988-02-01

Applicant: George N. Richter

Inventor： George N. Richter

IPC: A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/32 ,  A62D3/38 ,  A62D101/41 ,  B09B3/00 ,  C04B14/40 ,  C10J3/46

CPC classification number: A62D3/32 ,  A62D3/38 ,  B09B3/0066 ,  C04B14/40 ,  C10J3/463 ,  C10J3/466 ,  A62D2101/41 ,  A62D2203/04 ,  C04B2111/00784 ,  C10J2300/1628 ,  Y10S48/02

Abstract: Asbestos-containing hazardous waste materials are known causes of cancer and other serious diseases. By the subject process, asbestos-containing wastes are rendered harmless by altering the physical form of the fibers, by (i) melting the asbestos, and by (ii) incorporating the molten asbestos into the slag phase produced by the partial oxidation of ash-containing liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel and/or solid carbonaceous fuel. Further, gaseous mixtures comprising H.sub.2 +CO e.g. synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas, are simultaneously produced.

Abstract translation: 含有石棉的危险废物是已知的癌症和其他严重疾病的原因。 通过主题过程，通过改变纤维的物理形式，通过（i）熔融石棉，和（ii）将熔融石棉掺入通过灰分的部分氧化产生的炉渣相中，使含石棉的废物变得无害， 含有液体烃类燃料和/或固体碳质燃料。 此外，包含H 2 + CO的气体混合物 合成气体，还原气体或燃料气体。

公开(公告)号：US4805561A

公开(公告)日：1989-02-21

申请号：US220421

申请日：1988-07-13

Applicant: D. G. Davis ,  L. W. R. Dicks

Inventor： D. G. Davis ,  L. W. R. Dicks

IPC: C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/84 ,  F22D1/00

CPC classification number: C10J3/84 ,  C10J3/466 ,  C10K1/024 ,  C10J2300/0909 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/1603 ,  Y10S122/13

Abstract: A process for the gasification of coal to product synthesis gas is disclosed, the process being characterized by passage of product gas stream containing sticky or molten particles upward from the gasification zone and quenching of the product gas stream and particles in a quench zone coated or lined internally with titanium diboride.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种将煤气化成产物合成气的方法，该方法的特征在于使含有粘性或熔融颗粒的产物气流从气化区向上流动，并将产物气流和颗粒在涂覆或衬里的淬火区骤冷 内部与二硼化钛。

公开(公告)号：US4681700A

公开(公告)日：1987-07-21

申请号：US727968

申请日：1985-04-26

Applicant: Stephen R. Vasconcellos ,  Mitri S. Najjar ,  Ralph Garcia

Inventor： Stephen R. Vasconcellos ,  Mitri S. Najjar ,  Ralph Garcia

IPC: C10J3/46

CPC classification number: C10J3/466 ,  C10J3/526 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/0943 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1846

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion of unreacted particulate petroleum coke substantially comprising carbon and containing a small amount of ash substantially comprising vanadium constituents and other materials from a process for the partial oxidation of petroleum coke to produce synthesis gas is mixed with C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 acyclic and/or cyclic alkanols and a frothing agent. After pH adjustment, if necessary, the mixture is subjected to aeration with or without mechanical agitation in a froth flotation zone. About 60 to 95 wt. % of the unconverted particulate petroleum coke (basis carbon) particles float in the froth layer that is formed. The remainder of the unconverted petroleum coke comprising coarser particles is suspended in a bottom aqueous dispersion on which the froth layer floats. In addition, selective separation of the vanadium constituents in the unconverted petroleum coke ash takes place. The vanadium content of the ash in the floated portion of unconverted petroleum coke is unexpectedly decreased about 40 to 80 weight percent. Simultaneously, the vanadium content of the ash in the unconverted petroleum coke suspended in the bottom layer of aqueous dispersion is unexpectedly increased about 20 to 60 weight percent. Water may be recovered from this aqueous dispersion and recycled to the gas quench cooling and scrubbing zones. At least portions of the unconverted particulate petroleum coke from the foam layer and the bottom layer are recycled to the partial oxidation gas generator and to a vanadium recovery zone, respectively. By the subject process, the vanadium content in the recycle stream of unconverted petroleum coke to the gas generator is reduced. The life of the refractory lining of the gas generator is thereby extended.

Abstract translation: 将来自石油焦部分氧化生产合成气的方法中基本上含有碳并含有少量灰分的少量灰分的未反应颗粒状焦油的水分散体与C4至C8无环和/或环状 链烷醇和起泡剂。 pH调节后，如果需要，混合物在泡沫浮选区进行机械搅拌或无机械搅拌。 约60〜95重量％ 未转化的颗粒状石油焦炭（基础碳）颗粒的％漂浮在形成的泡沫层中。 将包含较粗颗粒的未转化的石油焦炭的其余部分悬浮在泡沫层浮起的底部水分散体中。 另外，在未转化的石油焦炭中进行钒成分的选择性分离。 未转化的石油焦的漂浮部分中的灰分的钒含量意外地下降了约40至80重量％。 同时，悬浮在水分散体底层的未转化的石油焦炭中的灰分的钒含量意外地增加约20至60重量％。 可以从该水分散体中回收水并再循环至气体骤冷冷却和洗涤区。 来自泡沫层和底层的未转化的颗粒状石油焦的至少一部分分别再循环到部分氧化气体发生器和钒回收区。 通过本发明方法，未转化的石油焦炭与气体发生器的再循环流中的钒含量降低。 从而延长了气体发生器耐火衬里的使用寿命。

公开(公告)号：US4671804A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-09

申请号：US803264

申请日：1985-11-29

Applicant: Mitri S. Najjar

Inventor： Mitri S. Najjar

IPC: C01B3/36 ,  C10J3/46

CPC classification number: C10J3/463 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C10J3/466 ,  C10J2300/0983 ,  Y10S48/07

Abstract: Synthesis gas is produced by the partial oxidation of a fuel feedstock comprising sulfur-containing petroleum coke and/or heavy liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel and having a nickel and iron-containing ash in a free-flow refractory lined partial oxidation reaction zone. The production of toxic nickel subsulfide (Ni.sub.3 S.sub.2) in said slag is prevented, and there is a substantial reduction in the concentration of H.sub.2 S+COS in the raw product gas stream by introducing an iron-containing additive into the reaction zone along with the feed. The weight ratio of iron-containing additive to ash in the fuel feedstock is in the range of about 0.5 to 10.0. The weight ratio of iron to nickel in said mixture of iron-containing additive and fuel feedstock is greater than 0.33. The additive combines with at least a portion of the nickel and iron constituents and sulfur found in the feedstock to produce a very fluid sulfide phase of iron and nickel, and an Fe, Ni alloy phase. In another embodiment, a minor amount of a calcium compound is included with the iron-containing additive only at startup to reduce the softening temperature of the iron-containing addition agent. By this method, the molten slag produced is free from toxic Ni.sub.3 S.sub.2 and has a comparatively reduced viscosity. Further, the slag may be readily removed from the gas generator at a lower temperature and may be disposed of without contaminating the environment. Further, the life of the refractory lining is extended.

Abstract translation: 通过在自由流动耐火材料内衬的部分氧化反应区中含有含硫石油焦和/或重液态含烃燃料并具有含镍和铁的灰分的燃料原料的部分氧化产生合成气。 在所述炉渣中生产有毒的二硫化镍（Ni3S2），并且通过将含铁添加剂与进料一起引入反应区域，可以显着降低原料气流中的H 2 S + COS的浓度。 燃料原料中含铁添加剂与灰分的重量比在约0.5至10.0的范围内。 所述含铁添加剂和燃料原料混合物中铁与镍的重量比大于0.33。 添加剂与原料中发现的镍和铁成分和硫的至少一部分结合，以产生非常流动的铁和镍的硫化物相以及Fe，Ni合金相。 在另一个实施方案中，仅在启动时仅含铁添加剂含有少量钙化合物以降低含铁添加剂的软化温度。 通过该方法，所生成的熔渣不含有毒的Ni3S2，粘度相对降低。 此外，渣可以在较低温度下容易地从气体发生器中移出，并且可以在不污染环境的情况下进行处理。 此外，耐火衬里的寿命延长。

公开(公告)号：US4668429A

公开(公告)日：1987-05-26

申请号：US749376

申请日：1985-06-27

Applicant: Mitri S. Najjar

Inventor： Mitri S. Najjar

IPC: C01B3/38 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C07C3/36

CPC classification number: C01B3/386 ,  C10J3/463 ,  C10J3/466 ,  C10J2300/0983

Abstract: Synthesis gas is produced by the partial oxidation of a feedstock comprising petroleum coke and/or heavy liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel containing sulfur and having an ash that contains nickel, vanadium and a comparatively high level of silicon. An iron and calcium-containing additive is introduced into the reaction zone along wth the feed. Separate portions of the additive (i) combine with a portion of the nickel, calcium and sulfur to generate a liquid phase washing agent that collects and transports out of the gas generator a portion of the vanadium-containing oxide laths and spinels and other ash components; and (ii) combine with a portion of the nickel, calcium and silicon to generate a liquid oxide-silicate phase that fluxes e.g. dissolves substantially all of the remaining portion of said vanadium-containing oxide laths and spinels and other ash components. In another embodiment, a minor amount of an additonal material selected from the group of elements consisting of magnesium, chromium, manganese, and mixtures thereof is included in the iron and calcium-containing additive. In still another embodiment, the iron and calcium-containing additive is uniformly dispersed in petroleum coke having a nickel and vanadium-containing ash. By this method two types of molten slag having reduced viscosities and containing the nickel and vanadium-containing impurities from the feedstock are readily removed from the gas generator at a lower temperature. Further, the life of the refractory lining is extended.

Abstract translation: 合成气体是通过包含石油焦和/或含有硫的重液态含烃燃料并含有含有镍，钒和较高含量硅的灰分的原料的部分氧化而产生的。 含铁和钙的添加剂沿着进料沿引入反应区。 添加剂的单独部分（i）与镍，钙和硫的一部分组合以产生液相洗涤剂，其从气体发生器收集和输出一部分含钒氧化物板条和尖晶石和其它灰分 ; 和（ii）与镍，钙和硅的一部分结合以产生液体氧化物 - 硅酸盐相， 基本上溶解所有含钒氧化物板条和尖晶石和其它灰分的剩余部分。 在另一个实施方案中，在含铁和钙的添加剂中包括少量选自镁，铬，锰及其混合物的元素组的添加材料。 在另一个实施方案中，含铁和钙的添加剂均匀分散在具有含镍和含钒灰分的石油焦炭中。 通过该方法，在较低温度下容易地从气体发生器中除去具有降低的粘度并且含有来自原料的含镍和钒的杂质的两种熔渣。 此外，耐火衬里的寿命延长。

公开(公告)号：US4624684A

公开(公告)日：1986-11-25

申请号：US772098

申请日：1985-09-03

Applicant: John S. Stevenson

Inventor： John S. Stevenson

IPC: C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/50

CPC classification number: C10J3/506 ,  C10J3/466 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2200/152 ,  C10J2300/092 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0943 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  C10J2300/0979 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1846 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  Y10S48/07

Abstract: A partial oxidation process for the production of a stream of mixed gases comprising H.sub.2 and CO. An aqueous particulate solid carbonaceous fuel slurry feedstream is preheated by indirect heat exchange with a process-derived stream of skimmed gases substantially comprising H.sub.2 O. The aqueous carrier of the slurry is vaporized by introducing superheated steam directly into the slurry pipeline. A suspension of particulate solid carbonaceous fuel entrained in a gaseous mixture substantially comprising steam e.g. about 90 to 99.9 wt. % H.sub.2 O and about 0.1 to 10 wt. % of a CO.sub.2 -containing gas mixture is produced. The suspension of solid fuel in the gaseous mixture is then separated in a skimming operation into an overhead gas stream substantially comprising steam, as previously described, and a bottom stream comprising particulate solid carbonaceous fuel with the remainder of said gaseous mixture. The bottom stream from the skimming operation is introduced into the reaction zone of a partial oxidation gas generator in admixture with a free-oxygen containing gas and with or without a temperature moderator where a gaseous stream comprising H.sub.2 +CO is produced. In one embodiment, the temperature of the suspension of solid carbonaceous fuel feed stream entering the partial oxidation reaction zone by way of a burner is monitored. An increase in temperature would flag the back-flow of synthesis gas or oxygen into the burner. When this happens, the feedlines to the burner and the overhead gas stream from the cyclone separator may be automatically shut down to prevent thermal damage to the system.

Abstract translation: 用于生产包含H 2和CO的混合气体流的部分氧化方法通过与基本上包含H 2 O的工艺产生的脱脂气体流进行间接热交换来预热含水颗粒固体含碳燃料浆料进料流。 通过将过热蒸汽直接引入浆料管道中，使浆料的水性载体蒸发。 颗粒状固体碳质燃料的悬浮液，其夹带在基本上包含蒸汽的气体混合物中。 约90至99.9wt。 ％H 2 O和约0.1至10wt。 产生含二氧化碳气体混合物的％。 然后将固体燃料在气体混合物中的悬浮液在撇取操作中分离成如前所述基本上包含蒸汽的塔顶气流，以及包含颗粒状固体碳质燃料和剩余的所述气体混合物的底部料流。 来自撇渣操作的底部流被引入部分氧化气体发生器的反应区中，与含游离氧的气体混合并且在或不与温度调节剂混合，其中产生包含H 2 + CO的气流。 在一个实施方案中，监测通过燃烧器进入部分氧化反应区的固体碳质燃料进料流的混合物的温度。 温度的升高将标志合成气或氧进入燃烧器的回流。 当这种情况发生时，来自旋风分离器的燃烧器和顶部气流的馈线可以自动关闭，以防止对系统的热损坏。

公开(公告)号：US4479810A

公开(公告)日：1984-10-30

申请号：US422939

申请日：1982-09-24

Applicant: Charles P. Marion ,  William B. Crouch ,  Albert Brent ,  George N. Richter ,  Edward T. Child ,  Blake Reynolds

Inventor： Charles P. Marion ,  William B. Crouch ,  Albert Brent ,  George N. Richter ,  Edward T. Child ,  Blake Reynolds

IPC: C01B3/32 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/50

CPC classification number: C10J3/466 ,  C01B3/32 ,  C10J3/506 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J2200/152 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1846 ,  Y10S48/10

Abstract: A partial oxidation control system for continuously producing synthesis gas, fuel gas or reducing gas in which one process fuel is replaced by a different fuel without shutting down or depressurizing the gas generator. Suitable burners for introducing the feedstreams into the gas generator comprise a central conduit means radially spaced from a concentric coaxial outer conduit having a downstream exit nozzle, and providing a coaxial annular passage means therebetween. The central conduit means may be retracted upstream from the burner face a distance of about 0 to 12 and preferably 3 to 10 times the minimum diameter of the central exit orifice. A premix zone is preferably provided comprising one or more, say 2 to 5 coaxial chambers in series where substantial mixing of the reactant streams and optionally volatilization of the slurry medium takes place. A control system is provided for switching the type of reactant fuel stream flowing through either the central conduit means or the annular passage means of the burner and adjusting the flow rates of the reactant stream of free-oxygen containing gas with or without mixture with a temperature moderator and if necessary to introduce supplemental H.sub.2 O into the reaction zone to maintain the temperature and weight ratio H.sub.2 O/fuel in the reaction zone at design conditions for the partial oxidation reaction without stopping production of the product gas.

Abstract translation: 用于连续生产合成气，燃料气体或还原气体的部分氧化控制系统，其中一个处理燃料由不同的燃料代替，而不关闭或减压气体发生器。 用于将进料流引入气体发生器的合适的燃烧器包括与具有下游出口喷嘴的同心同轴外管径向间隔开的中心管道装置，并在其间提供同轴的环形通道装置。 中心导管装置可以从燃烧器表面的上游缩回到中心出口孔的最小直径的约0至12的距离，优选地为3至10倍。 优选地提供包含一个或多个，例如2至5个同轴室的预混合区，其中基本上混合反应物流并任选地使浆料介质挥发。 提供了一种控制系统，用于切换流过燃烧器的中心管道装置或环形通道装置的反应物燃料流的类型，并调节具有或不具有温度的混合物的含游离氧气体的反应物流的流速 并且如果需要，将补充的H 2 O引入反应区，以在设计条件下保持反应区中的H 2 O /燃料在部分氧化反应中的温度和重量比，而不停止产生产物气体。

公开(公告)号：US4444569A

公开(公告)日：1984-04-24

申请号：US457855

申请日：1983-01-14

Applicant: John C. Haas

Inventor： John C. Haas

IPC: C10J3/12 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/54

CPC classification number: C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/12 ,  C10J3/466 ,  C10J2300/0993

Abstract: A carbonaceous material, such as coal, is gasified in a vertically elongated reaction vessel having a lower portion, an upper portion, and a re-entrainment zone which is located above the upper portion. The effective diameter of the upper portion of the vessel is larger than that of the lower portion of the vessel and the re-entrainment zone. A gasification agent is passed upwardly through the vessel at a rate sufficient to entrain the coal and fluidize a heat-transfer material in the lower portion of the vessel. The gasification agent reacts with the coal to form a hot char and a gaseous product, with the necessary heat being supplied by the heat-transfer material. In this process, the heat-transfer material substantially flows downwardly in the reaction vessel, in a fluidized state or an unfluidized state through the upper portion of the vessel and in a fluidized state through the lower portion of the vessel. The coal substantially flows upwardly in the reaction vessel, in an entrained state through the lower portion of the vessel and the re-entrainment zone, and in a fluidized state through the upper portion of the vessel. An advantage of this process is that the upper portion serves to increase the residence time of the carbonaceous solids in the reaction vessel thereby increasing yields and lowering the average height of the reaction vessel, and the sensible heat is extracted from the product gas before it leaves the reactor.

Abstract translation: 诸如煤的碳质材料在具有位于上部上方的下部，上部和再夹带区的垂直伸长的反应容器中气化。 容器上部的有效直径大于容器下部和再夹带区的有效直径。 气化剂以足以夹带煤并将热传递材料流体流入容器下部的速率向上通过容器。 气化剂与煤反应形成热炭和气态产物，所需热量由传热材料供应。 在该方法中，传热材料在反应容器中基本上以流化状态或非流动状态向下流过容器的上部，并以流化状态流过容器的下部。 煤在反应容器中基本上向上流动，夹带状态通过容器的下部和再夹带区，并以流化状态流过容器的上部。 该方法的优点是上部用于增加碳质固体在反应容器中的停留时间，从而增加反应容器的产量并降低其平均高度，并且在产物气体离开之前从产物气体中提取显热 反应堆。

公开(公告)号：US4385906A

公开(公告)日：1983-05-31

申请号：US352443

申请日：1982-02-25

Applicant: Lawrence E. Estabrook

Inventor： Lawrence E. Estabrook

IPC: C01B3/36 ,  C10J3/46

CPC classification number: C01B3/36 ,  C10J3/466 ,  C10J3/526 ,  C10J3/726 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0943 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1823 ,  C10J2300/1846

Abstract: A method for starting up a pressurized partial oxidation gas generation system comprising a gas generator and gas purification train without atmospheric pollution. The method comprises isolating and prepressuring the gas purification train to a pressure of at least 50 percent of normal operating pressure, starting the gas generator and autogenously increasing the pressure in the gas generator to the pressure of the gas purification train before establishing communication with the gas purification train to permit flow of gas through the gas purification train. Purified gases discharged from the gas purification train may be burned in a flare without atmospheric pollution.

Abstract translation: 一种用于启动加压部分氧化气体发生系统的方法，包括气体发生器和气体净化系统，而无大气污染。 该方法包括将气体净化系统分离和预压至正常工作压力的至少50％的压力，启动气体发生器并在与气体建立通信之前自动增加气体发生器中的压力至气体净化系统的压力 净化列车允许气体通过气体净化列车。 从气体净化系统排出的净化气体可能在没有大气污染的火炬中燃烧。

公开(公告)号：US4322221A

公开(公告)日：1982-03-30

申请号：US180124

申请日：1980-08-21

Applicant: John F. Kamody

Inventor： John F. Kamody

IPC: C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/00

CPC classification number: C10J3/466 ,  C10J3/506 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0953 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  Y10S48/02 ,  Y10S48/07

Abstract: A process is disclosed for gasifying solid carbonaceous material at elevated temperature and pressure to produce a gas consisting of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which comprises forming a slurry at atmospheric pressure of the carbonaceous material with a liquid having a specific gravity of from 1.1 to 1.9, a boiling temperature of at least 70.degree. F., a latent heat of vaporization less than about 200 BTU per pound, a critical temperature which is less than the incipient coking temperature of the carbonaceous material, a stability at temperatures up to 600.degree. F., an essentially inert chemical reaction with the carbonaceous material at temperatures less than about 600.degree. F., an immiscibility with water or solubility in water at no more than 5%, and a dissolving ability for hydrogen sulfide at temperatures of from -40 to 250.degree. F., and raising the formed slurry to a pressure of at least the gasification pressure and vaporizing said liquid and gasifying said carbonaceous material, either in the same or in separate steps. Examples of suitable slurrying liquids are: carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, trichloroethylene, bromoethane, chlorobenzene, methane dichloride, chloroform, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于在升高的温度和压力下气化固体碳质材料以产生由一氧化碳和氢气组成的气体的方法，其包括在碳质材料的大气压下用比重为1.1至1.9的液体形成浆料， 沸腾温度至少为70°F，蒸发潜热低于约200 BTU /磅，临界温度小于碳质材料的初始焦化温度，在高达600°F的温度下的稳定性。 在低于约600°F的温度下与碳质材料发生基本上惰性的化学反应，与水的不混溶性或在水中的溶解度不超过5％，以及在-40至250℃的温度下硫化氢的溶解能力 将所形成的浆料升至至少气化压力的压力并使所述液体蒸发并气化所述含碳材料，eithe r在相同或单独的步骤。 合适的制浆液体的实例是：四氯化碳，二硫化碳，三氯乙烯，溴乙烷，氯苯，甲烷二氯化物，氯仿或其混合物。