摘要:
Method of managing hydrates in a subsea production system that includes a host production facility, one or more producers, one or more water injectors, a water injection line, and a single production line for directing production fluids from the producers to the host production facility. The method comprises placing a pig in the subsea production system, shutting in production from the producers, and injecting a displacement fluid into the subsea production system in order to displace production fluids in the production line. The method also includes applying electrically resistive heat along a selected portion of the single production line to maintain production fluids within the production line at a temperature above a hydrate formation temperature after production has been shut in.
摘要:
A device for reducing friction of a viscous fluid flow in a conduit includes a body (10,110) positionable to define at least a segment of a flow path for the viscous fluid in or contiguous with the conduit, a cavity (40,140) in the body for retaining lubricating fluid, and at least one port (42,142) in the body for delivering lubricating fluid to the cavity. A fluid outlet arrangement (48,148) from the cavity delivers lubricating fluid to the flow path to form a downstream lubricating film about viscous fluid flowing therein. The fluid outlet arrangement comprises a substantially continuous opening or ring of close spaced openings about the flow path. The cavity comprises an array of passages in the body that includes a plurality of elongate passages (55,155) that extend about the flow path effective collectively to reduce the pressure variation and therefore velocity variation of the delivered lubricating fluid along the outlet arrangement. A corresponding method is also disclosed.
摘要:
A method and composition for reducing drag, reducing friction, reducing viscosity, and/or improving flow of viscous hydrocarbons including adding an effective amount of a drag-reducing composition containing a blend of turpentine liquids to a viscous hydrocarbon storage or pipeline operation and forming a drag-reducing mixture of viscous hydrocarbons and the blend of turpentine liquids.
摘要:
An arrangement is provided for feeding a liquid additive from a receptacle into a fuel pipe or into an exhaust line of an internal-combustion engine of a motor vehicle. The receptacle is fillable with additive from a larger storage tank that is also accommodated in the motor vehicle by way of a connection line that can be blocked by a shut-off element. A pump is installed in the receptacle or in the connection line. A heating device for heating at least a partial volume of the additive is present in the receptacle. A blockable return line branches off into the receptacle from the connection line between the pump and the shut-off element.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method and system for controlling the formation of liquid or gas slugs along a pipeline. In embodiments, an injection unit injects a liquid surface tension reducing agent, such as a foamant, into the pipeline upstream of the high point. A control unit can be used to control the injection unit. In certain arrangements, the control unit adjusts the injection of the agent based on measured parameters of interest. In embodiments where the control unit utilizes temperature measurements, one or more temperature sensors are positioned along the pipeline. The control unit utilizes the temperature measurements to determine whether a predetermined condition exists or a liquid or gas slug is present.
摘要:
High concentration drag reducing agents may be prepared by microencapsulating and/or macroencapsulating polymer drag reducing agent. The encapsulation may be performed prior to, during, or after the polymerization of monomer into effective drag reducing polymer. If encapsulation is done before or during polymerization, a catalyst may be present, but little or no solvent is required. The result is very small scale bulk polymerization within the capsule. The inert capsule or shell may be removed before, during or after introduction of the encapsulated drag reducer into a flowing liquid. No injection probes or other special equipment is expected to be required to introduce the drag reducing slurry into the liquid stream, nor is grinding (cryogenic or otherwise) of the polymer necessary to form a suitable drag reducing agent.
摘要:
Use of a mixture of at least one alkanolamide of general formula (I), wherein R is a hydrocarbon group having 7-23 carbon atoms, preferably 11-23 carbons atoms, A is an alkyleneoxy group having 2-4 carbon atoms and n is 2-12, preferably 2-8, and at least one alkoxylated alcohol in a weight ratio between the alkoxylated alkanolamide and the alkoxylated alcohol from 10:1 to 1:10, preferably in the range from 5:1 to 1:5 for producing a water-base liquid system with reduced flow resistance between the flowing, water-base liquid system and a solid surface.
摘要:
Process for recovering and moving highly viscous petroleum derivatives by the formation of aqueous dispersions in the presence of water with a salinity of more than 0.6% by weight, particularly from 1 to 15% by weight, with the use of hydrosoluble sulfonated dispersants, said process being characterized in that the above sulfonated dispersants have a content of the high molecular weight fraction, determined by SEC analysis (Size Exclusion Chromatography), of more than 4%.
摘要:
A method for recycling waste lubrication oil for use as fuel oil includes pumping new fuel oil from a source and monitoring the flow rate of the new fuel oil; pumping waste oil from a source through at least one filter and adjusting the flow rate of the waste oil according to the monitored flow rate of the new fuel oil and a preselected blend ratio; combining the filtered waste oil with the fuel oil in a static mixer; and dehydrating the blended oil prior to dispensation. An apparatus for performing the method includes a fuel pump fluidly coupled to a source of fuel oil and fluidly feeding a flow meter which is electrically coupled to a control circuit. A waste oil pump is fluidly coupled to a source of waste oil and to at least one depth media filter and is electrically coupled to the control circuit. The outputs of the flow meter and the depth media filter are fluidly coupled to a static mixer which is fluidly coupled to a coalescer. The output of the coalescer supplies a clean, dehydrated blend of fuel oil and waste oil. The control circuit adjusts the flow rate of the waste oil pump according to the flow meter and a preselected ratio of fuel oil to waste oil in infinite increments from 0 to 10%.
摘要:
A system for lubricating a plug flow of high viscosity material in a pipeline is disclosed. The system includes first and second pipes through which the plug flow of high viscosity material is pumped. The first pipe has a flange which is positioned adjacent a flange of the second pipe. A plurality of bolts, attached to the flange of the first pipe and to the flange of the second pipe, connect the first pipe to the second pipe. A lubrication spool is positionable in a first location between the flange of the first pipe and the flange of the second pipe for lubricating the plug flow of high viscosity material. The lubrication spool is removable from the first position without completely disconnecting the first and second pipes. The lubrication spool includes a first spool section which is located immediately adjacent the flange of the first pipe while in the first position and a second spool section immediately adjacent the first spool section. The second spool section is also located immediately adjacent the flange of the second pipe while in the first position. An aperture in the first and second spool sections provides a passage for the plug flow of high viscosity material being pumped between the first and second pipes. An annular reservoir, formed between the first and second spool sections, distributes lubricant. An inlet supplies lubricant to the reservoir. A circumferential lubrication passage, formed between the first and second spool sections, applies a uniform ring of the lubricant to the plug flow of high viscosity material being pumped through the lubrication spool aperture. The circumferential lubrication passage provides a fluid path between the annular reservoir and the aperture.