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公开(公告)号：US5849164A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-15
申请号：US867305
申请日：1997-06-02
申请人： Gerald R. Pohto
发明人： Gerald R. Pohto
摘要： A cell, particularly a membrane cell, that will generally be oriented in an at least substantially vertical positioning, is provided with an array of blade electrodes. The blade electrodes are Delta shape in cross-section, having a flat back face and forwardly sloping sides meeting at a forward edge. Such electrodes can be secured to a current distributor bar, typically on a flat front face of the bar. The forward edge of an electrode blade may be placed opposite a counter electrode of the same or different structure, with a membrane separator usually interposed therebetween. Electrical connection can be made to the electrode blades from the distributor bar, and to the distributor bar through boss electrical connectors. Baffles, which may also be secured to the distributor bar, help establish a front chamber, containing the electrode blades, in front of the baffles, and a back chamber behind the baffles. Electrolyte circulates through the front chamber and recirculates through the back chamber.
摘要翻译： 将通常以至少基本上垂直的定位取向的电池，特别是膜电池被设置有刀片电极阵列。 叶片电极的截面为三角形，具有平坦的背面和向前倾斜的侧面，在前边缘处相交。 这样的电极可以固定到电流分配器棒，通常在棒的平坦前表面上。 电极刀片的前缘可以与相同或不同结构的对电极相对放置，隔膜通常介于其间。 可以从分配器杆到电极叶片和通过凸台电连接器到分配杆的电连接。 还可以固定到分配器杆的挡板帮助在挡板前面建立容纳电极叶片的前室，以及挡板后面的后室。 电解液通过前室循环并循环通过后室。
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公开(公告)号：US5827411A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-27
申请号：US716821
申请日：1996-09-10
CPC分类号： C25D21/16 , C25D21/20 , Y10S204/13
摘要： Methods, and various apparatus therefor, are disclosed for the electrolytic treatment of an acidic solution. Generally the method comprises: (a) providing an electrolytic cell, the cell comprising: (i) an anode chamber and an anode therein; (ii) a cathode chamber and a cathode therein; and (iii) a diaphragm. Usually the diaphragm is of a non-isotropic fibrous mat comprising 5-70 weight percent organic halocarbon polymer fiber in adherent combination with about 30-95 weight percent of finely divided inorganic particulate impacted into said fiber during fiber formation, the diaphragm having a weight per unit of surface area of about 3-12 kilograms per square meter. The method can continue by (b) introducing the acidic solution into the cell; (c) impressing a current on the anode and the cathode causing the migration of ions through the diaphragm; and (d) recovering a product of the electrolytic treatment from the anode chamber, or the cathode chamber, or from both chambers. In one method, the acidic solution is a cell bath circulated to the anode chamber, while rinse solution downstream of the cell bath is circulated to the cathode chamber. The method, and apparatus therefor, are particularly applicable to the recovery of hexavalent chromium from a dilute chromium electroplating rinse solution.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于电解处理酸性溶液的方法及其各种设备。 通常，该方法包括：（a）提供电解池，所述电池包括：（i）阳极室和阳极; （ii）阴极室和阴极; 和（iii）隔膜。 通常，隔膜是非均质纤维垫，其包含5-70重量％的有机卤化碳聚合物纤维，其粘合组合与约30-95重量％的在纤维形成期间冲击到所述纤维中的细碎无机颗粒，隔膜具有重量 单位面积约3-12公斤每平方米。 该方法可以通过（b）将酸性溶液引入细胞中来继续进行; （c）在阳极和阴极上施加电流，导致离子迁移通过隔膜; 和（d）从阳极室或阴极室或从两个室回收电解处理的产物。 在一种方法中，酸性溶液是循环到阳极室的细胞浴，而细胞浴下游的漂洗溶液循环到阴极室。 该方法及其装置特别适用于从稀镀铬电镀冲洗溶液中回收六价铬。
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公开(公告)号：US5804053A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-08
申请号：US738080
申请日：1996-10-25
申请人： Anthony J. Vaccaro , Janet S. Gregg , Daniel W. Gibbons , James R. Brannan , Gerald R. Pohto , Jean M. Hinden
发明人： Anthony J. Vaccaro , Janet S. Gregg , Daniel W. Gibbons , James R. Brannan , Gerald R. Pohto , Jean M. Hinden
CPC分类号： C25D7/0628 , C25D5/54 , H01M4/80 , H01M4/808
摘要： A process is disclosed, as well as apparatus useful therefor, for continuously electroplating a strip of reticulated foam using multiple electroplating zones that each contain electroplating bath. In each zone there is a cathode and an anode. In at least one electroplating zone there is an insoluble anode, typically as the sole anode. In some of the electroplating zones soluble anodes may be used. As a first cathode, there can be provided a cathode roll outside of the electroplating bath. The reticulated foam is guided in the bath past the anodes, as well as past cathodes, e.g., including a cathode roll which may be positioned outside of the bath. The resulting electroplated foam emerging from the bath has an improved electroplate weight distribution and the process achieves enhanced efficiencies and economies of operation.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种方法以及可用于其的设备，用于使用多个电镀区域连续电镀网状泡沫条，每个电镀区均包含电镀浴。 在每个区域中都有阴极和阳极。 在至少一个电镀区域中，存在不溶性阳极，通常作为唯一阳极。 在一些电镀区域中，可以使用可溶性阳极。 作为第一阴极，可以在电镀浴的外部设置阴极辊。 网状泡沫在浴中被引导通过阳极以及过去的阴极，例如包括可以位于浴的外部的阴极辊。 从浴中产生的电镀泡沫具有改进的电镀板重量分布，并且该方法提高了效率和操作的经济性。
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公开(公告)号：US5366598A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-22
申请号：US132975
申请日：1993-10-07
IPC分类号： C23C4/02 , C23C4/06 , C23C8/02 , C23C26/00 , C23C28/00 , C23F1/00 , C23F1/26 , C25B11/00 , C25B11/10 , C25C7/02 , C25D17/10 , C25B1/04 , C25B1/00 , C25B1/16
CPC分类号： C23F1/00 , C23C26/00 , C23C28/00 , C23C4/02 , C23C4/06 , C23C8/02 , C23F1/26 , C25B11/00 , C25C7/02 , C25D17/10 , Y10S29/016 , Y10T29/49108
摘要： A metal surface is now described having enhanced adhesion of subsequently applied coatings. The substrate metal of the article, such as a valve metal as represented by titanium, is provided with a highly desirable surface characteristic for subsequent coating application. This can be initiated by selection of a metal of desirable metallurgy and heat history, including prior heat treatment to provide surface grain boundaries which may be most readily etched. In subsequent etching operation, the surface is made to exhibit well defined, three dimensional grains with deep grain boundaries. Subsequently applied coatings, by penetrating into the etched intergranular valleys, are desirably locked onto the metal substrate surface and provide enhanced lifetime even in rugged commercial environments.
摘要翻译： 现在描述了金属表面具有增强的随后涂覆的涂层的粘合性。 制品的基底金属，例如由钛表示的阀金属，具有用于随后的涂布应用的非常期望的表面特性。 这可以通过选择期望的冶金和热历史的金属来开始，包括先前的热处理以提供最容易蚀刻的表面晶界。 在随后的蚀刻操作中，使表面形成具有深度晶界的良好限定的三维晶粒。 随后施加的涂层通过渗透到蚀刻的晶间谷中被期望地锁定在金属基板表面上，并且即使在坚固的商业环境中也提供延长的寿命。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5242552A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-07
申请号：US735094
申请日：1991-07-25
摘要： The present invention resides in a process and apparatus for the electrolytic production of strong solutions of halogen oxyacids, more specifically for the production of such acids having a normality of about 0.1 to about 3.6 from the corresponding alkali metal salts of such acids. The present invention comprises establishing a solution of the corresponding alkali metal salt having a molar concentration less than that at which precipitation of said salt occurs. An electrolytic cell is provided comprising an anode compartment containing an anode, a cathode compartment containing a cathode, and a middle feed compartment intermediate the anode compartment and cathode compartment. The feed compartment is separated from the anode compartment by a diaphragm and from the cathode compartment by a cation-selective membrane. Means are provided for introducing said alkali metal salt solution into said middle feed compartment and for applying a voltage between the anode and cathode. Under the influence of the applied voltage, the alkali metal ions migrate through the cation-selective membrane to the cathode, reacting with hydroxyl ions to form alkali metal hydroxide, and the oxyhalogen ions migrate through the diaphragm to the anode reacting with protons to form halogen oxyacid. Means are provided for maintaining the cell at a temperature in the range of about 10.degree. C. to about 40.degree. C.
摘要翻译： 本发明在于一种用于电解生产卤素含氧酸的强溶液的方法和装置，更具体地说是从相应的这种酸的碱金属盐生产正常值为约0.1至约3.6的酸。 本发明包括建立摩尔浓度小于所述盐析出的摩尔浓度的相应碱金属盐的溶液。 提供一种电解池，包括一阳极室，该阳极室包含一阳极，一阴极室和一阴极室，以及位于阳极室和阴极室之间的中间供料室。 进料室通过隔膜与阳极隔室分离，并通过阳离子选择膜从阴极室分离。 提供了用于将所述碱金属盐溶液引入所述中间进料室并用于在阳极和阴极之间施加电压的装置。 在施加电压的影响下，碱金属离子通过阳离子选择膜迁移到阴极，与羟基离子反应形成碱金属氢氧化物，氧卤素离子通过隔膜迁移到负极与质子反应形成卤素 含氧酸 提供了用于将电池维持在约10℃至约40℃范围内的温度的装置。
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公开(公告)号：US5032245A
公开(公告)日：1991-07-16
申请号：US460694
申请日：1990-01-04
申请人： Alfiero Gemelli , Yves Pellet , James J. Stewart
发明人： Alfiero Gemelli , Yves Pellet , James J. Stewart
摘要： The present invention resides in a guide for a reticulate electrode bus connector. The guide comprises a body portion having an upper surface. A pair of spaced apart legs depend downwardly from a body portion and define with the body portion a guide longitudinal dimension. The legs define a longitudinally extending slot dimensioned to accommodate the reticulate electrode. The legs comprise planar, facing inner surfaces adapted to press against opposite sides of the electrode. A longitudinally extending ductway extends from the body portion upper surface to a slot. The ductway is aligned with a center line of the slot intermediate the planar facing inner surfaces. A plurality of openings extend through each of the legs communicating with the slot. The openings expose a substantial portion of the surface area of the reticulate electrode within the confines of the slot and are substantially uniformly disposed along the legs.
摘要翻译： 本发明在于一种网状电极总线连接器的引导件。 引导件包括具有上表面的主体部分。 一对间隔开的腿从主体部分向下取向并且与主体部分限定导向纵向尺寸。 腿部限定了尺寸适于容纳网状电极的纵向延伸的狭槽。 腿部包括适于压靠电极的相对侧面的面向平面的内表面。 纵向延伸的管道从主体部分上表面延伸到狭槽。 管道与平面相对的内表面中间的中心线对齐。 多个开口延伸穿过与槽连通的每个腿。 这些开口在槽的范围内露出网状电极的表面积的大部分，并且沿腿部基本上均匀地设置。
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7.发明授权Method of manufacturing a ceramic/metal or ceramic/ceramic composite article 失效制造陶瓷/金属或陶瓷/陶瓷复合制品的方法
公开(公告)号：US4961902A
公开(公告)日：1990-10-09
申请号：US945116
申请日：1987-01-06
CPC分类号： C04B35/58064 , C04B35/58071 , C04B35/58078 , C04B35/645 , C04B35/65 , C04B35/806 , C22C1/058 , C22C29/14
摘要： A method for manufacturing ceramic/metal or ceramic/ceramic composite articles is disclosed. The articles can be useful for the production of aluminum in fused salt electrolysis cells, as armour plates for the protection against projectiles, cutting tools, or in abrasion resistance applications. The temperature slope of the process if optimized such that one of the reactants in the manufacturing proceeds through peritectic decomposition at a heating rate of low temperature increase for desirably uniform temperature distribution over the reaction mixture. Then the temperature increase is greatly elevated to obtain a reaction sintering condition for avoiding grain growth of undesired reaction products. Elevated temperature reaction sintering conditions can be maintained to decompose undesired components before they are entrapped by the reaction product.
摘要翻译： 公开了陶瓷/金属或陶瓷/陶瓷复合制品的制造方法。 这些制品可用于在熔盐电解池中生产铝，作为用于防止抛射物，切削工具或耐磨性应用的防甲板。 该方法的温度斜率如果优化，使得制造中的一种反应物以低温加热速率的包晶分解进行，则在反应混合物上期望均匀的温度分布。 然后升高温度以获得用于避免不需要的反应产物晶粒生长的反应烧结条件。 可以保持升高的温度反应烧结条件以在不期望的组分被反应产物包埋之前分解。
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8.发明授权Platinum black air cathode, method of operating same, and layered gas diffusion electrode of improved inter-layer bonding 失效铂黑色空气阴极，其操作方法，以及改进层间键合的分层气体扩散电极
公开(公告)号：US4927514A
公开(公告)日：1990-05-22
申请号：US239582
申请日：1988-09-01
申请人： Frank Solomon , Yury Genodman
发明人： Frank Solomon , Yury Genodman
IPC分类号： C25B1/13 , C25B11/03 , C25B11/04 , C25B11/06 , C25B11/08 , C25B11/12 , H01M4/86 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04223 , C25B1/13 , C25B11/035 , H01M4/86 , H01M4/96 , Y10S977/753 , Y10S977/775 , Y10S977/788 , Y10S977/898
摘要： A platinum black air cathode has an active layer and a support layer. The active layer comprises platinum black plus hydrophobic binder, typically a fluorinated polymer. The support layer may be made up from carbon black bound with a halopolymer binding agent. Such combination can provide for economical utilization of active ingredient without sacrifice of cathode structural integrity. To assist in this structural integrity, a thin support mesh may be used, preferably with the support layer. There can also be employed between the active layer and the support layer a porous bonding layer, which can find broader utilization with layered gas diffusion electrodes in general. For highly desirable, greatly extended operation of the platinum black air cathode, the cathode can be operated intermittently, or anodically polarized or be subjected to infrequent voltage suppression, as well as being involved with any combination of the foregoing.
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公开(公告)号：US4923582A
公开(公告)日：1990-05-08
申请号：US161921
申请日：1988-02-29
申请人： Donald W. Abrahamson , Marilyn J. Harney , Elvin W. Vauss, Jr. , Andrew J. Niksa , James J. Stewart
发明人： Donald W. Abrahamson , Marilyn J. Harney , Elvin W. Vauss, Jr. , Andrew J. Niksa , James J. Stewart
摘要： Monopolar, bipolar, and hydrid filter press electrolytic cells for electrolytic processes utilizing a novel method of introducing and removing electrical energy are disclosed. The invention contemplates a novel low pressure, high surface contact area connecting means for joining the anode element and cathode element of electrode assemblies. The invention also contemplates a low pressure, high surface contact area contact of the current distributor member to the back plate.
摘要翻译： 公开了使用引入和去除电能的新方法的用于电解方法的单极，双极和水合压滤电解槽。 本发明考虑了用于连接电极组件的阳极元件和阴极元件的新型低压，高表面接触区域连接装置。 本发明还考虑了电流分配器构件与背板的低压，高表面接触面接触。
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公开(公告)号：US4911993A
公开(公告)日：1990-03-27
申请号：US150797
申请日：1988-02-01
CPC分类号： H01M4/8631 , H01M10/0418 , H01M12/065 , H01M4/00 , H01M6/48
摘要： A bipolar battery having a consumable metal anode and being of the filter-press type is described. Internal battery contact is obtained by pressure connection transmitted virtually all, to completely, by end bulkheads. A multitude of adjoning cells can be placed together in a bipolar assembly cell stack. Yet the battery is compact and lightweight.
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