摘要:
An apparatus and method encode audio data, and an apparatus and method decode encoded audio data. An audio data encoding apparatus includes: a scalable encoding unit dividing audio data into a plurality of layers, representing the audio data in predetermined numbers of bits in each of the plurality of layers, and encoding a lower layer prior to encoding an upper layer and an upper bit of each layer prior to encoding a lower bit of each layer; an SBR encoding unit generating spectral band replication (SBR) data that has information with respect to audio data in a frequency band of frequencies equal to or greater than a predetermined frequency among the audio data to be encoded, and encoding the SBR data; and a bitstream production unit generating a bitstream using the encoded SBR data and the encoded audio data corresponding to a predetermined bitrate.
摘要:
Provided is a module having a symmetric topology. The module may include a pair of diverging via bodies configured to receive complementary signals. The pair of diverging via bodies may be further configured to diverge the complementary signals in at least three pairs of diverged complementary signals. The module may further include at least three pairs of connecting via bodies configured to receive the at least three pairs of diverged complementary signals from the pair of diverging via bodies and configured to transmit the at least three pairs of diverged complementary signals to components.
摘要:
Provided are apparatus and methods for forming phase change layers, and methods of manufacturing a phase change memory device. A source material is supplied to a reaction chamber, and purges from the chamber. A pressure of the chamber is varied according to the supply of the source material and the purge of the source material.
摘要:
A digital signal encoding method and apparatus using a plurality of lookup tables. The method includes: preparing a plurality of lookup tables storing numbers of allocated bits for encoding frequency bands of an input signal according to a characteristic of the input signal in a predetermined number of addresses; dividing an input signal in the time domain into signals in predetermined frequency bands; calculating address values of the frequency bands; selecting one of the plurality of lookup tables according to the characteristic of the input signal; extracting numbers of allocated bits of addresses having the calculated address values from the selected lookup table with respect to the frequency bands and allocating the numbers of bits to the frequency bands; and generating a bitstream by quantizing the input signal according to the numbers of allocated bits. Bit amount control suitable for a characteristic of an input signal can be performed by extracting numbers of allocated bits of frequency bands from an optimal lookup table selected according to the characteristic of the input signal. Also, an additional computational time can be reduced by using each occupancy rate per frequency band equal to each address of the lookup table as the characteristic of the input signal.
摘要:
A lossless audio encoding/decoding method, medium, and apparatus. The lossless audio encoding method includes converting an audio signal in a time domain into an audio spectral signal with an integer in a frequency domain, mapping the audio spectral signal in the frequency domain to a bit plane signal according to its frequency, and losslessly encoding binary samples of bit planes using a probability model determined according to a predetermined context. The lossless audio decoding method includes extracting a predetermined lossy bitstream and an error bitstream from error data by demultiplexing an audio bitstream, the error data corresponding to a difference between lossy encoded audio data and an audio spectral signal with an integer in a frequency domain, lossy decoding the extracted encoded lossy bitstream, losslessly decoding the extracted error bitstream, and restoring the original audio frequency spectral signal using the decoded lossy bitstream and error bitstream.
摘要:
A device and method for encoding/decoding a speech signal and an audio signal. The device for encoding the speech signal and the audio signal includes a speech encoding unit which speech-encodes an input signal; an speech decoding unit which speech-decodes the speech-encoded signal; and an audio encoding unit which divides a difference signal between the speech-decoded signal and the input signal into a low band and a high band, allocates the number of bits to the divided bands, and audio-encodes the difference signal.
摘要:
Provided are an image encoding apparatus, method, and medium; an image decoding apparatus, method, and medium; and a display driving circuit and method and apparatus using the same. The image encoding apparatus includes an encoding mode determiner that determines a first encoding mode and a second encoding mode to be encoding modes of a first pixel and a second pixel that are adjacent to each other and are included in a line, a first encoder that encodes the first pixel whose encoding mode is determined to be the first encoding mode to generate a first bitstream, and a second encoder that encodes a difference of the second pixel whose encoding mode is determined to be the second encoding mode from its reference pixel to generate a second bitstream.
摘要:
A method of encoding multi-channel signals having two or more channels into a first signal and a second signal, and an apparatus to perform the method, the method including generating the first signal by performing a first operation using a first channel signal in the multi-channel signals; and generating the second signal by performing a second operation using a combination of the first channel signal and a second channel signal in the multi-channel signals.
摘要:
A multichannel audio data encoding and/or decoding method and apparatus. The encoding method includes: encoding mono and/or stereo audio data; and encoding extended multichannel audio data other than the mono and/or stereo audio data. The decoding method includes: decoding mono and/or stereo audio data; examining whether there is extended multichannel audio data to be decoded other than the mono and/or stereo audio data; and when there is extended data to be decoded, decoding the extended multichannel audio data.
摘要:
There is disclosed a method for visualizing secondary structures of RNA molecules, by which nearly overlap-free polygonal displays of RNA secondary structures are produced with minimal distortion to structural elements, with minimal search for positioning them, and with minimal user intervention. While vector and vector space are used to determine the direction and space of a structural element, two heuristics are adopted for the task of searching for the space and direction of structural elements. With the aid of the two heuristics, loops are positioned in decreasing order of their sizes and a helix is positioned, depending on the position of its adjacent loop which has been positioned. In consideration of both a potentially open and wide vector space and an allowed vector space, a structural element is positioned.