摘要:
A substantially water-free hydrocarbon feed is charged to a reformer reactor operated under reforming conditions; thereafter, a chlorine-containing additive is introduced, without the simultaneous introduction of water, into the substantially water-free hydrocarbon feed being charged to the reformer reactor in an amount and for a time period that are effective to inhibit deactivation of the reformer catalyst; thereafter, the introduction of the chlorine-containing additive is terminated and the charging of the substantially water-free hydrocarbon feed to the reformer reactor is continued.
摘要:
Catalyst activation of a platinum reforming catalyst system contained in a multiple reactor system by simultaneously reducing the catalyst with a sustained hydrogen flow through the multiple reactor system while introducing a nonmetallic chlorine-containing compound serially into each reactor of the multiple reactor system in an amount to add from about 0.05 to about 0.3 weight percent chlorine to the catalyst and thereafter purging the system with about 100 to about 50,000 cubic feet of hydrogen per cubic foot of catalyst prior to commencing use of the treated catalyst system for reforming hydrocarbon feed.
摘要:
Described is a novel method by which the activity of a deactivated or partially deactivated paraffin isomerization catalyst is enhanced or reactivated. The isomerization catalyst undergoes a deactivation period followed by a reactivation period during which isomerizable hydrocarbons are simultaneously isomerized during the catalyst reactivation.
摘要:
A catalyst composition is prepared by a method comprising impregnating alumina with at least one dissolved titanium compound (preferably a triethanolamine titanate) and at least one platinum compound, followed by treatment (at specific temperature conditions) with at least one organoaluminum chloride (preferably ethylaluminum dichloride), hydrogen chloride and at least one chloroalkane (preferably carbon tetrachloride). The thus-prepared catalyst composition is employed in the isomerization of saturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 hydrocarbons (alkanes and/or cycloalkanes), preferably n-butane.
摘要:
The invention relates to inhibiting the degradation of fuel oils by the addition of phosphines and phosphites. Additionally, the invention relates to inhibiting the degradation of fuel oils by drying the fuel oil and adding phosphines and phosphites.
摘要:
Catalyst life in desulfurization of distillate hydrocarbon streams is predicted with the aid of a computer simulation which embodies an analytical kinetic model of a hydrodesulfurization reaction and a semi-empirical model for catalyst deactivation. The simulation specifies the decline of catalyst activity with time and a current reaction temperature required to maintain the initial catalyst activity. The useful life of the catalyst is considered to be the time required for catalyst activity in the simulated reaction to decline sufficiently from its initial level so that a predefined maximum reaction temperature is reached while maintaining a desired level of sulfur in the desulfurized product. The computer time needed to simulate the reaction is decreased by combining superior features of LOTUS 1-2-3 and FORTRAN language, such that input/output and graphic operations are implemented with LOTUS 1-2-3 and numerical calculations are executed in FORTRAN.
摘要:
The preparation of alcohols from synthesis gas has been beneficiated by the use of a novel five-component catalyst system comprising an iron group metal and an activity improving amount of a precious metal such as rhodium.
摘要:
A reforming catalyst containing a Group VIII metal, or a Group VII B metal, or tin, or germanium, or copper, or selenium or combinations of any two or more metals or oxides thereof is activated by: a) continuously flowing a reducing gas over the catalyst for contact with the catalyst; (b) during step a), flowing a halogen-containing compound over the catalyst for contact with the catalyst for a first time period, wherein the first time period is greater than about 1 minute, and wherein the first time period is less than about 60 minutes; and (c) following step b), and during step a), substantially discontinuing the flow of the halogen-containing compound over the catalyst for a second time period, wherein the second time period is greater than about 1 minute. Alternatively, the catalyst can be activated in an activation zone by: 1) removing water from the activation zone; 2) reducing iron oxide contained in the activation zone in the presence of a reducing gas thereby forming reduced iron and water; 3) removing water from the activation zone; 4) reducing the metal oxide of the catalyst in the presence of a reducing gas thereby forming reduced metal and water; 5) removing water from the activation zone; 6) during step 4), flowing a halogen-containing compound over the catalyst for contact with the catalyst for a first time period; and 7) following step 6) and during step 4), substantially discontinuing the flow of halogen-containing compound over the catalyst for a second time period.
摘要:
A process and/or system is provided for isomerizing a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising saturated C6 hydrocarbons by contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock, in the presence of hydrogen and optionally a chloride, with a first isomerization catalyst composition in a first isomerization reactor defining a first reaction zone operated at a first reaction temperature, withdrawing a first intermediate stream comprising cyclohexane and n-hexane from the first reaction zone, separating the first intermediate stream, via a first separator, into a first product stream comprising cyclohexane and a second intermediate stream comprising n-hexane, contacting the second intermediate stream, in the presence of hydrogen and optionally a chloride, with a second isomerization catalyst composition in a second isomerization reactor defining a second reaction zone operated at a second reaction temperature greater than the first reaction temperature, and withdrawing from the second reaction zone a second product stream comprising isohexane.
摘要:
Catalyst activation of a platinum reforming catalyst system contained in a multiple reactor system by simultaneously reducing the catalyst with hydrogen while introducing a nonmetallic chlorine-containing compound into a reactor of the multiple reactor system in an amount to add from about 0.05 to about 0.3 weight percent chlorine to the catalyst and thereafter purging the system with about 100 to about 50,000 cubic feet of hydrogen per cubic foot of catalyst resulting in a reforming system having increased activity and providing enhanced RON values with reduced cracking of feedstock.