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公开(公告)号：US4427775A
公开(公告)日：1984-01-24
申请号：US300744
申请日：1981-09-10
申请人： Li F. Chen , Cheng S. Gong , George T. Tsao
发明人： Li F. Chen , Cheng S. Gong , George T. Tsao
摘要： Spherical shaped mycelial pellets suitable for use in the biocatalytic conversion of organic compounds are prepared having a rigid spherical core surrounded by a porous webbed layer of structural integrity of a mycelial microorganism. The webbed layer is preferably separated from the core by a substantial void space and is attached to the core by a portion of the mycelium of the microorganism. The core may be composed of a cellulose derivative or agar. The pellets are prepared by forming a solution of a cellulose derivative or agar, mixing spores of a mycelial microorganism with the solution, precipitating the celluose derivative or agar to form beads containing the spores and incubating the beads in a culture medium.
摘要翻译： 制备适合用于有机化合物的生物催化转化的球形菌丝体颗粒，其具有由菌丝体微生物的结构完整性的多孔纤维网层围绕的刚性球形核心。 网状层优选通过实质的空隙空间与芯分离，并通过微生物的一部分菌丝体附着于核心。 核心可以由纤维素衍生物或琼脂组成。 通过形成纤维素衍生物或琼脂的溶液，将菌丝体微生物的孢子与溶液混合，使纤维素衍生物或琼脂沉淀，形成含有孢子的珠粒并将培养基培养，制备粒料。
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公开(公告)号：US4174976A
公开(公告)日：1979-11-20
申请号：US884478
申请日：1978-03-08
申请人： George T. Tsao , Michael R. Ladisch , Arindam Bose
发明人： George T. Tsao , Michael R. Ladisch , Arindam Bose
CPC分类号： C13K1/02
摘要： A process to yield glucose from cellulose through acid hydrolysis. Cellulose is recovered from cellulosic materials, preferably by pretreating the cellulosic materials by dissolving the cellulosic materials in Cadoxen or a chelating metal caustic swelling solvent and then precipitating the cellulose therefrom. Hydrolysis is accomplished using an acid, preferably dilute sulfuric acid, and the glucose is yielded substantially without side products. Lignin may be removed either before or after hydrolysis.
摘要翻译： 通过酸水解由纤维素产生葡萄糖的方法。 纤维素从纤维素材料中回收，优选通过将纤维素材料溶解在二氧化钴或螯合金属苛性溶胀溶剂中，然后从其中沉淀纤维素来预处理纤维素材料。 使用酸，优选稀硫酸实现水解，基本上不产生副产物而产生葡萄糖。 在水解之前或之后可以除去木质素。
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公开(公告)号：US4063017A
公开(公告)日：1977-12-13
申请号：US679497
申请日：1976-04-22
申请人： George T. Tsao , Li Fu Chen
发明人： George T. Tsao , Li Fu Chen
CPC分类号： C08J9/28 , C12N11/12 , C08J2201/0542 , C08J2301/00 , Y10S530/814
摘要： Porous cellulose beads are prepared by distributing droplets of a solvent mixture containing a cellulose derivative into an aqueous solution to form porous beads which are then washed and hydrolyzed to form porous cellulose beads. The porous cellulose beads, which may be cross-linked, if desired, by suitable treatment, are useful carriers to which enzymes can be immobilized.
摘要翻译： 通过将含有纤维素衍生物的溶剂混合物的液滴分配到水溶液中以形成多孔珠来制备多孔纤维素珠，然后将其洗涤并水解形成多孔纤维素珠。 如果需要，通过适当的处理可以交联的多孔纤维素珠粒是可以固定酶的有用的载体。
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公开(公告)号：US5789210A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-04
申请号：US148581
申请日：1993-11-08
申请人： Nancy W. Y. Ho , George T. Tsao
发明人： Nancy W. Y. Ho , George T. Tsao
IPC分类号： C12N15/09 , C12N1/19 , C12N9/02 , C12N9/04 , C12N9/12 , C12N15/00 , C12P7/06 , C12P7/08 , C12R1/865 , C07H21/04 , C12N15/81
CPC分类号： C12N9/1205 , C12N9/0006 , C12P7/06 , Y02E50/17
摘要： Described are recombinant yeasts containing genes encoding xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase and xylulokinase, and DNA molecules, vectors and methods useful for producing such yeasts. The recombinant yeasts effectively ferment xylose to ethanol, and preferred yeasts are capable of simultaneously fermenting glucose and xylose to ethanol thereby taking full advantage of these two sugar sources as they are found in agricultural biomass.
摘要翻译： 描述了含有编码木糖还原酶，木糖醇脱氢酶和木酮糖激酶的基因的重组酵母以及可用于产生这种酵母的DNA分子，载体和方法。 重组酵母有效地将木糖发酵成乙醇，优选的酵母能够同时将葡萄糖和木糖发酵成乙醇，从而充分利用这两种糖源，如在农业生物质中所见。
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公开(公告)号：US4345973A
公开(公告)日：1982-08-24
申请号：US181244
申请日：1980-08-25
申请人： Michael R. Ladisch , George T. Tsao
发明人： Michael R. Ladisch , George T. Tsao
CPC分类号： B01D3/34 , C07C29/76 , Y10S203/14
摘要： A method for dehydration and/or enrichment of aqueous alcohol mixtures wherein the mixtures in the vapor state are contacted with a dehydration agent which is composed of cellulose, caboxymethylcellulose, cornmeal, cracked corn, corn cobs, wheat straw, bagasse, starch, hemicellulose, wood chips, other grains, other agricultural residues or mixtures thereof.
摘要翻译： 一种用于脱水和/或富集含水醇混合物的方法，其中蒸气状态的混合物与由纤维素，甲氧基甲基纤维素，玉米粉，裂纹玉米，玉米芯，麦秸，甘蔗渣，淀粉，半纤维素， 木屑，其他谷物，其他农业残余物或其混合物。
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公开(公告)号：US4321327A
公开(公告)日：1982-03-23
申请号：US100816
申请日：1979-12-06
申请人： Li F. Chen , Cheng S. Gong , George T. Tsao
发明人： Li F. Chen , Cheng S. Gong , George T. Tsao
IPC分类号： C12P1/00 , C12M1/40 , C12N20060101 , C12N1/14 , C12N1/20 , C12N11/10 , C12N11/12 , C12P7/06 , C12N11/02 , C12P1/02
摘要： Spherical shaped mycelial pellets having a support core and which are suitable for biocatalytic conversion of organic compounds are produced by dissolving a cellulose derivative in a solvent to form a solution, mixing spores of a mycelial microorganism with the solution, precipitating the cellulose derivative to form porous beads containing the spores, and incubating the beads in a culture medium. Alternatively, the pellets may be produced by dissolving agar in water, mixing the agar solution with spores of a mycelial microorganism, precipitating the agar to form beads containing the spores and incubating the beads in a culture medium.
摘要翻译： 通过将纤维素衍生物溶解在溶剂中以形成溶液，将菌丝体微生物的孢子与溶液混合，使纤维素衍生物沉淀形成多孔体，制备具有支撑芯并且适用于有机化合物的生物催化转化的球形状菌丝团 含有孢子的珠粒，并将培养基培养在培养基中。 或者，颗粒可以通过将琼脂溶解在水中，将琼脂溶液与菌丝体微生物的孢子混合，使琼脂沉淀，形成含有孢子的珠粒并将培养基培养。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4281063A
公开(公告)日：1981-07-28
申请号：US81537
申请日：1979-10-03
CPC分类号： C12N9/2434 , C12Y302/01004 , C13K1/02
摘要： A process for treating cellulosic materials to obtain glucose therefrom, which process includes an initial acid or base treatment of the cellulosic materials to remove hemicellulose, followed by a solvent treatment of the solid residue to dissolve the native cellulose contained therein. The dissolved cellulose is separated from the solid lignin-containing residue, whereafter the cellulose is reprecipitated by contacting the solution thereof with water. The reprecipitated cellulose is hydrolyzed to glucose either by acid or enzyme hydrolysis. If desired, the cellulose may be reprecipitated and hydrolyzed in the presence of the lignin-containing solid, the latter being separated from the glucose.
摘要翻译： 一种处理纤维素材料以获得葡萄糖的方法，该方法包括对纤维素材料的初始酸或碱处理以除去半纤维素，然后进行固体残余物的溶剂处理以溶解其中所含的天然纤维素。 将溶解的纤维素与含固体木质素的残留物分离，然后通过使其溶液与水接触将纤维素再沉淀。 通过酸或酶水解将再沉淀的纤维素水解成葡萄糖。 如果需要，纤维素可以在含有木素的固体的存在下再沉淀并水解，后者与葡萄糖分离。
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8.发明授权Media manipulation for preparing biologically active hollow mycelial pellets 失效用于制备生物活性中空菌丝体颗粒的介质操作
公开(公告)号：US4332903A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-01
申请号：US174455
申请日：1980-08-01
申请人： Cheng-Shung Gong , Li-Fu Chen , George T. Tsao
发明人： Cheng-Shung Gong , Li-Fu Chen , George T. Tsao
CPC分类号： C12P7/10 , C12N1/14 , Y02E50/16 , Y10S435/931 , Y10S435/939
摘要： Biologically active hollow fungal mycelial pellets are prepared by media manipulation. Initially fungal spores are innoculated under conditions limiting growth to formation of tiny cell aggregates of less than about 2 mm. Thereafter, the aggregates are subjected to conditions supportive of vigorous vegetative growth and agitation to produce hollow pellets having a porous spherical webbed mycelial layer and hollow core.
摘要翻译： 通过培养基操作制备生物活性的中空真菌菌丝体颗粒。 最初，真菌孢子在限制生长以形成小于约2mm的细胞聚集体的条件下接种。 此后，聚集体经受有力的营养生长和搅拌的条件，以产生具有多孔球形网状织物层和中空芯的中空颗粒。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4265675A
公开(公告)日：1981-05-05
申请号：US081539
申请日：1979-10-03
摘要： A nontoxic cellulose solvent and process for forming and utilizing the same. The solvent includes a metal chelating agent, a metal compound, an oxygen scavenging stabilizing agent and a caustic swelling agent with the disclosed solvent being prepared in either aqueous or solid form. The solvent is caused to contact cellulosic materials in order to dissolve cellulose therefrom. The dissolved cellulose may be reprecipitated and may then be hydrolyzed by cellulose enzyme or acid to yield glucose with lignin being removed either before or after hydrolysis has occurred.
摘要翻译： 无毒的纤维素溶剂及其形成和利用方法。 溶剂包括金属螯合剂，金属化合物，除氧稳定剂和苛性溶胀剂，其中所公开的溶剂以水溶液或固体形式制备。 使溶剂与纤维素材料接触以便从其中溶解纤维素。 溶解的纤维素可以再沉淀，然后可以通过纤维素酶或酸水解，以在水解发生之前或之后除去木质素。
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公开(公告)号：US4891404A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-02
申请号：US199999
申请日：1988-05-27
IPC分类号： C08F251/00
CPC分类号： C08F251/00
摘要： A nucleophilic displacement reaction is used to prepare biodegradable thermoplastic copolymers exhibiting a high capacity for stabilizing biodegradable blends of polysaccharides and synthetic thermoplastic polymers. The graft copolymers are characterized by consistent product uniformity and a high degree of substitution on the polysaccharide chain.
摘要翻译： 使用亲核取代反应来制备可生物降解的热塑性共聚物，其表现出用于稳定多糖和合成热塑性聚合物的可生物降解的共混物的高容量。 接枝共聚物的特征在于在多糖链上具有一致的产物均匀性和高取代度。
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