摘要:
A hybrid vehicle 1 incorporates a drivetrain having a flywheel-based energy storage and recovery system 10 which can drive or be driven by the input shaft 4 of an automatic manual shift gearbox 5. The arrangement minimises vehicle driveline lash and provides a large number of operating modes.
摘要:
Various uses of fluoroalkenes, including tetrafluoropropenes, particularly (HFO-1234) in a variety of applications, including as blowing agents are disclosed.
摘要:
A catalytic converter comprises an outer tube, a pair of catalyzed substrates positioned in the outer tube, and a heat shield positioned in the outer tube between the catalyzed substrates. A method of assembling the catalytic converter is also disclosed.
摘要:
A control unit 13 moves an engine throttle 15 to the wide open position whenever the driver wishes to decelerate. This maximizes the transfer of rotational energy from the vehicle wheels 6 to a flywheel 12 which is coupled to a drivetrain 7,8,9 because pumping losses in the engine 2 are much reduced due to the open throttle. The energy stored in the flywheel 12 can be used at a later time to supplement the engine's motive power. The control unit 13 also controls an electro hydraulic clutch 11 which couples and decouples the flywheel to and from the drivetrain through a continuous variable transmission (CVT) 10. The gear ratio of the CVT 10 is set by the ECU 13.
摘要:
A hybrid vehicle has an internal combustion engine 2 and a flywheel 9. Storage and release of energy by the flywheel 9 is enabled by a continuously variable transmission 10 and clutch 11 under the control of an electronic module 14. The amount of energy transferred from the vehicle one to the flywheel 9 during a deceleration manoeuvre is maximized by increasing the engine speed. As a result, the engine does more work against the braking force of the accelerating flywheel and causes the flywheel to spin up to a higher rotational speed.
摘要:
In an energy storage and recovery system for a hybrid vehicle 1, the operating ratio range of a continuously variable transmission (CVT) 10 which transfers drive between the vehicle's driveline 8 and a flywheel 9 is effectively extended by the use of an integrated starter-generator (ISG) 13 connected to the flywheel shaft 12. When there is a high mismatch of rotational speed between the propshaft 8 and the flywheel shaft 12, prior to connecting the two shafts by a clutch 11, the ISG 13 either spins up or decelerates the flywheel 9 until its speed is brought within the optimum operating range of the CVT 10. This measure reduces wear and tear on the clutch 11.
摘要:
An apparatus for treating fibrous material is disclosed. The apparatus may include a fiber separator, a de-liquefier, a dry-to-wet blender and a flash dryer. The fiber separator may be a liquid-based fiber separator. The de-liquefier is for removing liquid from the fibrous material. The blender downstream, which may be a dry-to-wet blender, is for adding a dry material to the de-liquefied fibrous material. The de-liquefier and a dry-to-wet blender are downstream from the fiber separator and the dry-to-wet blender may be downstream from the de-liquefier. The flash dryer, which is even further downstream, is for drying the treated fibrous material.
摘要:
A substrate assembly is stuffed into a converter outer shell to form a catalytic converter having a desired gap bolt density (GBD) value. The substrate assembly is formed by wrapping and taping a mat around a catalytic substrate. A predetermined pressure is applied to the substrate assembly and an outer diameter of the substrate assembly is measured at this predetermined pressure. A GBD value is predicted based on this measurement and if the GBD value is acceptable the substrate assembly is stuffed into the converter outer shell.
摘要:
An apparatus for measuring the mass of a hybrid vehicle having a prime mover, a secondary mover incorporating a flywheel, and a continuously variable transmission (CVT) being connectable with a driveline of the vehicle and with the flywheel, the apparatus including a means for measuring a rate of change of CVT ratio during a transference of energy between the hybrid vehicle and the flywheel.
摘要:
A hybrid vehicle has an internal combustion engine 2 and a flywheel 9. Storage and release of energy by the flywheel 9 is enabled by a continuously variable transmission 10 and clutch 11 under the control of an electronic module 14. The amount of energy transferred from the vehicle one to the flywheel 9 during a deceleration manoeuvre is maximised by increasing the engine speed. As a result, the engine does more work against the braking force of the accelerating flywheel and causes the flywheel to spin up to a higher rotational speed.