Abstract:
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and/or mercaptan scavengers are chemicals that remove H2S and/or mercaptans from gas, oil and water. Water-based formulations may be made and used employing scavenging compounds having the formulae: wherein each R1, R2, R3, and R4 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkenyl, an aryl, an acyl, a halogen, a hydroxyl, a nitro, an alkyl ester, an aryl ester, an alkyl ether, an aryl ether, a hydroxymethyl, an anhydride group, an amino, and a sulfide. In one non-limiting embodiment the compounds (A) and (B) do not contain nitrogen atoms. Water-based formulations, such as those using a protic solvent with the above compounds, work well as H2S scavengers.
Abstract:
Exhaust emissions resulting from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in compression ignition engines may be reduced using a homopolymer that may be polyisobutylene, polypropylene, and/or hyperbranched polyalpha-olefins. The homopolymer may have a molecular weight of from about 1600 to about 275,000. Optionally, an alkyl nitrate such as 2-ethylhexylnitrate (2EHN), and/or a peroxide, such as hydrogen peroxide, may also be used together with the homopolymer. Both NOx and particulate matter emissions (PM) may be reduced using ppm quantities of the additive compositions; alternatively, NOx emissions may be lowered or reduced while PM emissions do not substantially increase.
Abstract:
A composition and method is described for intracellular delivery of fullerene containing peptides. The composition and method involve fullerene-substituted phenylalanine as part of a peptide based delivery system. The presence of a fullerene-substituted amino acid in a peptide is found to alter the intracellular transport properties of the peptide.
Abstract:
Mercaptans and/or hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in hydrocarbons, naphthas, gasolines, and the like may be scavenged therefrom by being brought into intimate contact with a mercaptan scavenger formulation containing at least one disubstituted azodicarboxylate of the formula R1OOCN═NCOOR2, where R1 and R2 are independently alkyl groups, alkenyl groups and aromatic groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms. These scavengers remove mercaptans and/or H2S from hydrocarbons faster than many conventional mercaptan scavengers. An effective scavenging amount of disubstituted azodicarboxylate in the hydrocarbon fluid ranges from about 5 to about 20 parts by weight based on 1 part as sulfur of mercaptan and/or H2S.
Abstract:
It has been discovered that metals can be removed or transferred from a hydrocarbon phase to a water phase in an emulsion breaking process by using a composition that contains a demulsifier (for instance, an oxyalkylated alkyl resin and/or a crosslinked polypropylene glycol), a surfactant, a diketone and a solvent (for instance an aromatic solvent). The method may also include introducing a hydroxyl carboxylic acid and/or at least one mineral acid to reduce the pH of the desalter wash water. The method permits transfer of metals into the aqueous phase with little or no hydrocarbon phase undercarry into the aqueous phase. The composition is particularly useful in treating crude oil emulsions, and in removing iron therefrom.
Abstract:
The cetane number of middle distillate fuels may be increased using an additive composition including a polymer that may be a homopolymer or copolymer of olefins, and the like, where the polymer has a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 200,000 to about 5,000,000. The additive composition also includes a free radical initiator component, which may be an alkyl nitrate such as 2-ethylhexylnitrate (2-EHN), and/or a peroxide, such as t-butyl peroxide. In one non-limiting embodiment the amount of polymer in the additive composition is greater than the free radical initiator component. A solvent is also present, which the solvent may include alcohol, an alkyl substituted phenol and/or a heavy aromatic distillate.
Abstract:
FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a phone case showing my new design; FIG. 2 is a front elevational view thereof; FIG. 3 is a rear elevational view thereof; FIG. 4 is a left side elevational view thereof; FIG. 5 is a right side elevational view thereof; FIG. 6 is a top plan view thereof; FIG. 7 is a bottom plan view thereof, FIG. 8 is a rear perspective view thereof; FIG. 9 is a front perspective view thereof, showing the phone case in an alternate configuration; and, FIG. 10 is a rear perspective view thereof, showing the phone case in an alternate configuration. The broken lines throughout the drawing figures depict portions of the phone case that form no part of the claimed design.
Abstract:
The present disclosure provides an antimicrobial substrate including a substrate and a polythiophene polymer. The polythiophene polymer has a number of repeated monomer units from n is 5-14 or 30 to 120, a number average molecular weight (Mn) from 1,000 to 4,000 or 10,000 to 40,000; and a polydispersity index (PDI) from 1 to 1.3. The present disclosure also provides the polythiophene polymer and uses thereof.
Abstract:
A multi-component scavenging system containing at least one ester and at least one electron-deficient organic compound, together with or without one or more optional components such as an aldehyde having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, a ketone having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, an ether, a solvent, an alkali metal salt of an alkyl or dialkyl phenol, an epoxide, an alkyl anhydride, and mixtures thereof, may be used to scavenge contaminants from hydrocarbon and/or aqueous streams. The contaminants scavenged or otherwise removed may include, but are not necessarily limited to, ammonia, primary amines, secondary or tertiary amines, H2S, mercaptans, sulfide cyanides, and combinations thereof.
Abstract:
A multi-component scavenging system containing at least one ester and at least one electron-deficient organic compound, together with or without one or more optional components such as an aldehyde having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, a ketone having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, an ether, a solvent, an alkali metal salt of an alkyl or dialkyl phenol, an epoxide, an alkyl anhydride, and mixtures thereof, may be used to scavenge contaminants from hydrocarbon and/or aqueous streams. The contaminants scavenged or otherwise removed may include, but are not necessarily limited to, ammonia, primary amines, secondary or tertiary amines, H2S, mercaptans, sulfide cyanides, and combinations thereof.