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公开(公告)号：US20150229013A1
公开(公告)日：2015-08-13
申请号：US14179930
申请日：2014-02-13
CPC分类号： H01M14/00 , H01M2/1653 , H01M4/366 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/381 , H01M4/48 , H01M6/36 , Y10T29/49224
摘要： A nanofluid contact potential difference cell comprises a cathode with a lower work function and an anode with a higher work function separated by a nanometer-scale spaced inter-electrode gap containing a nanofluid with intermediate work function nanoparticle clusters. The cathode comprises a refractory layer and a thin film of electrosprayed dipole nanoparticle clusters partially covering a surface of the refractory layer. A thermal power source, placed in good thermal contact with the cathode, drives an electrical current through an electrical circuit connecting the cathode and anode with an external electrical load in between. A switch is configured to intermittently connect the anode and the cathode to maintain non-equilibrium between a first current from the cathode to the anode and a second current from the anode to the cathode.
摘要翻译： 纳米流体接触电位差电池包括具有较低功函数的阴极和具有较高功函数的阳极，其间隔纳米级间隔的电极间间隔，该电极间隙包含具有中间功函数纳米颗粒簇的纳米流体。 阴极包括耐火层和部分覆盖耐火层表面的电喷雾偶极子纳米颗粒簇的薄膜。 放置在与阴极良好热接触的热电源驱动电流通过连接阴极和阳极的电路与其间的外部电负载。 开关被配置为间歇地连接阳极和阴极，以保持从阴极到阳极的第一电流和从阳极到阴极的第二电流之间的非平衡。
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2.发明授权Method for sorting and analyzing particles in an aerosol with redundant particle analysis 失效使用冗余粒子分析对气溶胶颗粒进行分选和分析的方法公开(公告)号：US07701576B2
公开(公告)日：2010-04-20
申请号：US11764164
申请日：2007-06-15
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/47 , G01N15/065 , G01N21/532
摘要： A method and apparatus for sorting and performing redundant analysis of particles in an aerosol is disclosed. Redundant analysis reduces the possibility of false positive analyses, which is advantageous in the art. The apparatus may comprise an aerosol concentrator, an optical particle analyzer, an electrosprayer and a charged particle analyzer. A method according to the invention may comprise delivering a concentrated aerosol stream to an optical particle analyzer; analyzing each particle of interest and selectively triggering an electrosprayer to electrospray each particle of interest; adding a charge to the particle, which is then moved by electrostatic forces to a charged particle analyzer; and performing a second, redundant analysis of each charged particle collected on the charged particle analyzer to confirm the identity of the particle of interest. The apparatus and method may also be adapted to perform redundant analysis of disguised particles that are coated to disguise their payload.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于分选和执行气溶胶中的颗粒的冗余分析的方法和装置。 冗余分析减少了假阳性分析的可能性，这在本领域是有利的。 该装置可以包括气溶胶浓缩器，光学粒子分析仪，电喷雾器和带电粒子分析器。 根据本发明的方法可以包括将浓缩的气溶胶流输送到光学粒子分析仪; 分析感兴趣的每个颗粒并选择性地触发电喷雾器以电喷雾感兴趣的每个颗粒; 向颗粒中加入电荷，然后通过静电力将其移动到带电粒子分析仪; 并对在带电粒子分析仪上收集的每个带电粒子进行第二次冗余分析，以确认感兴趣的粒子的身份。 该装置和方法还可以适于对被涂覆以伪装其有效载荷的伪装颗粒进行冗余分析。
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公开(公告)号：US07178380B2
公开(公告)日：2007-02-20
申请号：US11041823
申请日：2005-01-24
IPC分类号： G01N1/00
CPC分类号： B01D21/283 , B01D19/0094 , G01N1/2208
摘要： A virtual impactor device having reduced fouling includes injection ports within the separation zone to redirect particles that otherwise tend to impact the walls of the separation zone and produce fouling. The virtual impactor device preferably also includes an acceleration zone having concave and convex sections, which reduces fouling in that area. The virtual impactor device can be combined with various downstream components such as collectors, atomizers and various analytical devices.
摘要翻译： 具有减少的结垢的虚拟冲击器装置包括分离区内的注入口，以重新引导否则倾向于冲击分离区的壁并产生结垢的颗粒。 虚拟冲击器装置优选地还包括具有凹凸部分的加速区域，这减少了该区域中的结垢。 虚拟冲击器装置可以与诸如收集器，雾化器和各种分析装置的各种下游部件组合。
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公开(公告)号：US06698592B2
公开(公告)日：2004-03-02
申请号：US10202210
申请日：2002-07-22
IPC分类号： B07B704
CPC分类号： G01N1/4077 , B01D45/08 , G01N1/2208 , G01N1/2273 , G01N1/40 , G01N15/0255 , G01N2001/022 , G01N2015/0046 , G01N2015/0088 , G01N2015/0288
摘要： A separation plate separates a major flow of fluid from a minor flow of fluid. The major flow includes a minor portion of particles greater than a “cut size,” while the minor flow includes a major portion of particles greater than the cut size. Plates define a laterally extending passage between a front of the separation plate and its rear. The passage telescopes or converges from an initial height at its inlet, to a substantially smaller height at its outlet. A slot extends transversely into the plates from within a minor flow portion of the passage and connect into major flow outlet ports. The flow of fluid into the outlet is thus divided into the major flow, which flows from the major flow outlet ports and the minor flow that exits the outlet of the passage. To accommodate a desired flow of fluid, the width of the passage can be changed, or an array of stacked separation plates can be employed.
摘要翻译： 分离板将主流体流与少量流体分开。 主要流量包括小于“切割尺寸”的较小部分的颗粒，而较小的流量包括大于切割尺寸的大部分颗粒。 板在分隔板的前部和其后部之间限定横向延伸的通道。 通道从其入口处的初始高度望远镜或会聚到其出口处的基本较小的高度。 狭槽从通道的小流动部分内横向延伸到板中并且连接到主流出口。 因此，进入出口的流体流被分成从主要流出口流出的主要流量和离开通道出口的小流量。 为了适应期望的流体流动，可以改变通道的宽度，或者可以使用堆叠的分隔板阵列。
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公开(公告)号：US6110247A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-29
申请号：US191979
申请日：1998-11-13
摘要： A plurality of micropillars (2) arranged in a plurality of rows (4, 6, 8) are provided. When a particle-laden fluid stream is caused to flow through the micropillars, at least a portion of the particles impacts and becomes deposited on the micropillars' surfaces while the fluid stream is deflected aside. The deposited particles may subsequently be collected.
摘要翻译： 设置有多个排（4,6,8）的多个微柱（2）。 当使含有颗粒的流体流通过微柱时，至少一部分颗粒撞击并沉积在微柱表面上，同时流体流被偏转。 随后可以收集沉积的颗粒。
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公开(公告)号：US4954320A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-04
申请号：US401199
申请日：1989-08-31
CPC分类号： B01D53/32 , B01J19/088 , B01J2219/0894
摘要： The Reactive Bed Plasma is a novel air purification and material processingevice which may efficiently treat both toxic chemicals and hazardous aerosols. The Reactive Bed Plasma device embodies an active alternating current discharge plasma permeating a dielectric packed bed. Advantages of this device include an increased power efficiency by the elimination of dielectric barriers (characteristic of ozonizer devices); a selectively increased residence time of contaminants in the active plasma zones through interaction with the packing material (analogous to chromotographic separations); also a reduced size and power consumption while maintaining high processing efficiency. Further advantages include greatly increased operating lifetime without failure due to electrical arcing (problematic with ozonizers) or poisoning of the packing surfaces (problematic with adsorbents and catalysts); an achievement of a high processing efficiency at low temperature; a control over plasma air by-product formation; and the promotion of chemical and physical reactions simultaneously in a single device heretofore requiring several vastly different devices (promoting photoionoization, catalytic oxidation, plasma-induced decomposition, combustion, electrostatic precipitation, or plasma etching processes).
摘要翻译： 活性床等离子体是一种新颖的空气净化和材料处理装置，可以有效地处理有毒化学品和有害气溶胶。 反应床等离子体装置体现了渗透电介质填充床的有源交流放电等离子体。 该装置的优点包括通过消除电介质阻挡层（臭氧发生器装置的特征）提高功率效率; 通过与包装材料的相互作用选择性地增加污染物在活性等离子体区域中的停留时间（类似于色谱分离）; 同时减小尺寸和功耗，同时保持高处理效率。 另外的优点包括大大增加工作寿命，而不会由于电弧（臭氧发生器的问题）或包装表面的中毒而导致故障（吸附剂和催化剂有问题）; 在低温下实现高处理效率; 控制等离子体空气副产物形成; 并且在单个装置中同时促进化学和物理反应，因此需要几个非常不同的装置（促进光离子化，催化氧化，等离子体诱导分解，燃烧，静电沉淀或等离子体蚀刻工艺）。
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公开(公告)号：US6062392A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-16
申请号：US191980
申请日：1998-11-13
申请人： Joseph G. Birmingham , Patrick T. Call , Vanessa M. Kenning , Alireza Shekarriz , Charles J. Call
发明人： Joseph G. Birmingham , Patrick T. Call , Vanessa M. Kenning , Alireza Shekarriz , Charles J. Call
CPC分类号： G01N1/4077 , B01D45/08 , G01N1/2208 , G01N2001/025 , G01N2015/0288
摘要： A separation plate (10) includes a first surface and an opposing second surface. Plural pairs of a nozzle (14) and a virtual impactor (16) are provided on the first surface. Each nozzle tapers from an inlet end (14a) to an outlet end (14b). Each virtual impactor comprises a pair of generally fin-shaped projections (24). Each fin-shaped projection includes an inner wall (26) and a convex outer wall (28). The inner walls of the fin-shaped projections of a virtual impactor face each other to define a minor flow passage (30) therebetween. The convex outer walls of the fin-shaped projections of a virtual impactor cooperatively present a convex surface including a virtual impact void therethrough. The virtual impact void defines an inlet end of the minor flow passage. A virtual impactor body (33) is provided between adjacent virtual impactors (16). When a particle-laden fluid stream (23) is caused to flow through the nozzles and advance to the virtual impactors, a major portion of the fluid containing a minor portion of particles flows around the virtual impactors, is blocked by the virtual impactor bodies, and redirected from the first surface through a suitable major flow outlet. A minor portion of the fluid containing a major portion of particles enters the virtual impact voids, advances through the minor flow passages, and exits therefrom, where it can be collected, analyzed, or processed further in any other manner.
摘要翻译： 分离板（10）包括第一表面和相对的第二表面。 多个喷嘴（14）和虚拟冲击器（16）设置在第一表面上。 每个喷嘴从入口端（14a）到出口端（14b）逐渐变细。 每个虚拟冲击器包括一对大致为翅片状的突起（24）。 每个鳍状突起包括内壁（26）和凸形外壁（28）。 虚拟冲击器的翅片状突起的内壁彼此面对以在它们之间限定一个小流动通道（30）。 虚拟冲击器的翅片状突起的凸形外壁协同地呈现包括虚拟冲击空隙的凸表面。 虚拟冲击空隙限定了小流量通道的入口端。 在相邻的虚拟冲击器（16）之间设置虚拟冲击器主体（33）。 当使含有颗粒的流体流（23）流过喷嘴并进入虚拟冲击器时，包含少部分颗粒的流体的主要部分围绕虚拟冲击器流动，被虚拟冲击器体阻挡， 并从第一表面通过合适的主流出口重新定向。 含有主要部分颗粒的流体的一小部分进入虚拟冲击空隙，通过较小的流动通道前进，并从中流出，在那里可以以任何其他方式进一步收集，分析或处理。
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公开(公告)号：US5811062A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-22
申请号：US606155
申请日：1996-02-23
申请人： Robert S. Wegeng , M. Kevin Drost , Charles J. Call , Joseph G. Birmingham , Carolyn Evans McDonald , Dean E. Kurath , Michele Friedrich
发明人： Robert S. Wegeng , M. Kevin Drost , Charles J. Call , Joseph G. Birmingham , Carolyn Evans McDonald , Dean E. Kurath , Michele Friedrich
IPC分类号： B01B1/00 , B01F5/06 , B01F13/00 , B01J19/00 , C01B3/38 , C01B3/48 , F01K13/00 , F02C7/08 , F02G1/043 , F25B9/00 , F28D9/00 , F28F3/04 , G01N37/00 , H01M8/06 , H05K7/20 , B01J10/02
CPC分类号： B01F5/0604 , B01B1/005 , B01F13/0059 , B01J19/0093 , C01B3/48 , F01K13/00 , F02C7/08 , F02G1/043 , F25B9/00 , F28D9/00 , H05K7/20254 , B01J2219/00783 , B01J2219/00822 , B01J2219/00824 , B01J2219/00833 , B01J2219/00835 , B01J2219/00844 , B01J2219/00869 , B01J2219/00873 , B01J2219/00891 , B01J2219/00907 , B01J2219/00918 , C01B2203/0261 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/044 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0805 , C01B2203/0838 , C01B2203/0883 , C01B2203/0894 , C01B2203/1035 , C01B2203/1052 , C01B2203/1064 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/127 , C01B2203/80 , C01B2203/82 , F02G2254/11 , F25B2309/1401 , F28F2260/02 , Y10S366/03
摘要： The invention is a microcomponent sheet architecture wherein macroscale unit processes are performed by microscale components. The sheet architecture may be a single laminate with a plurality of separate microcomponent sections or the sheet architecture may be a plurality of laminates with one or more microcomponent sections on each laminate. Each microcomponent or plurality of like microcomponents perform at least one chemical process unit operation. A first laminate having a plurality of like first microcomponents is combined with at least a second laminate having a plurality of like second microcomponents thereby combining at least two unit operations to achieve a system operation.
摘要翻译： 本发明是一种微组件片结构，其中宏观单元处理由微量元件执行。 片材结构可以是具有多个单独的微组件部分的单个层压体，或者片材结构可以是在每个层压板上具有一个或多个微组件部分的多个层压体。 每个微组件或多个类似的微组件执行至少一个化学处理单元操作。 具有多个相似的第一微量部件的第一层压板与至少一个具有多个类似的第二微型部件的第二层压板组合，从而组合至少两个单元操作以实现系统操作。
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公开(公告)号：US06802456B2
公开(公告)日：2004-10-12
申请号：US10271013
申请日：2002-10-15
IPC分类号： A01G1500
CPC分类号： B05B5/004 , B05B5/0255 , F02M61/02 , F02M69/04
摘要： Fluids are atomized using a miniaturized electrostatic microinjector. The microinjectors are capable of producing uniform droplets in several spray modes, and metering and dispersing very small volume fluids. The atomizer is useful in carburetion systems for internal combustion engines, to prepare samples for analytical methods such as MALDI, for fluid filtration and separation, and in other applications.
摘要翻译： 使用微型静电微量注射器使流体雾化。 微量注射器能够以几种喷雾模式产生均匀的液滴，并且计量和分散非常小体积的流体。 雾化器可用于内燃机的化油系统，以制备用于分析方法的样品，如MALDI，用于流体过滤和分离，以及其他应用。
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公开(公告)号：US6120573A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-19
申请号：US191982
申请日：1998-11-13
申请人： Charles J. Call , Patrick T. Call , Vanessa M. Kenning , Joseph G. Birmingham , Donald J. Hammerstom
发明人： Charles J. Call , Patrick T. Call , Vanessa M. Kenning , Joseph G. Birmingham , Donald J. Hammerstom
IPC分类号： B01D45/08
摘要： A separation plate (10) includes a first surface (10a) and an opposing second surface. A plurality of teardrop-shaped virtual impactor projections (12) are provided on the first surface, preferably in a plurality of rows (13a, 13b, 13c). Each projection includes a convex leading profile (18) facing a fluid stream (16), and two concave side surfaces (19) that are positioned to define a tapered downstream portion. The convex leading profile may include a concave portion (20). The concave portion defines a virtual impact void therethrough. The virtual impact void defines a terminal end of a passageway that extends through the separation plate to communicate with the second surface. When particle-laden fluid is caused to flow along the first surface, a major portion of the fluid containing a minor portion of particles flows around the teardrop-shaped virtual impactor projections along the first surface. A minor portion of the fluid containing a major portion of particles is collected near the convex leading profiles of the projections, and enters the concave portions and the virtual impact voids of the projections. The minor portion of the fluid then travels through the passageways to the second surface of the separation plate, where it can be collected, analyzed, or processed further.
摘要翻译： 分离板（10）包括第一表面（10a）和相对的第二表面。 多个泪滴形虚拟冲击器突起（12）设置在第一表面上，最好是多排（13a，13b，13c）。 每个突起包括面向流体流（16）的凸起的引导轮廓（18）和定位成限定锥形下游部分的两个凹入侧表面（19）。 凸起的引导轮廓可以包括凹部（20）。 凹部限定穿过其中的虚拟冲击空隙。 虚拟冲击空隙限定了延伸通过分隔板以与第二表面连通的通道的终端。 当使含有颗粒的流体沿着第一表面流动时，含有少部分颗粒的流体的主要部分沿着第一表面围绕泪珠状虚拟冲击器突起流动。 含有大部分颗粒的流体的一小部分被收集在凸起的凸起引导轮廓附近，并进入凸起的凹部和虚拟冲击空隙。 然后液体的小部分通过通道进入分离板的第二表面，在那里可以进一步收集，分析或处理。
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