摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing an alkyl ester of a fatty acid, including the steps of carrying out an esterification reaction between a free fatty acid contained in a fat or oil and an alcohol; carrying out a transesterification reaction between a fat or oil and an alcohol; and refining an alkyl ester of a fatty acid, wherein at least any one of three steps is carried out in a corresponding step selected from the steps of (a) contacting a fat or oil and an alcohol with a resin foamed article to which a catalyst containing fine strongly acidic particles is supported or a resin foamed article modified to be strongly acidic, and carrying out an esterification reaction between a free fatty acid in the fat or oil and the alcohol; (b) contacting a fat or oil and an alcohol with a resin foamed article to which a catalyst containing fine alkali particles is supported, and carrying out a transesterification reaction between the fat or oil and the alcohol; and (c) contacting a reaction mixture obtained by the transesterification reaction with a resin foamed article to remove impurities via adsorption, and refining an alkyl ester of a fatty acid.
摘要:
Sulfonation of a sulfonatable organic compound is effected by means of a two-stage reaction with an SO.sub.3 -containing gas, in which the first-stage reaction is carried out by flowing, in parallel flow relation, said organic compound and said SO.sub.3 -containing gas upwardly into the lower ends of a plurality of vertically positioned cylinders or double-cylinders, and the second-stage reaction is carried out by the steps of collecting the reaction product of the first-stage reaction, adding fresh SO.sub.3 -containing gas to the reaction product thus collected and flowing in parallel flow arrangement the reaction mixture downwardly into the upper end of a vertically positioned cylinder or double-cylinder.
摘要:
A process for producing diesel fuel oil from fat and oil comprises producing fatty acid methyl ester for diesel fuel in accordance with transesterification of the fat and oil with methanol, wherein the process further comprises a step of converting glycerol formed as a by-product into methanol, and the obtained methanol is used as a material for the transesterification. In the step of converting glycerol formed as a by-product into methanol, water in an equimolar amount or more to the amount of glycerol is added to glycerol, the obtained mixture is gasified under a pressure of 2 MPa or greater at a temperature of 700° C. or higher to convert the mixture into a gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and carbon monoxide and hydrogen are then converted into methanol in accordance with a methanol synthesis process.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method for producing a material dispersed with ultraviolet shielding fine particles, characterized by subjecting a starting material liquid mixture comprising particles comprising one or more inorganic substances having shielding abilities against ultraviolet light, one or more silicone dispersants selected from modified silicones and reactive silicones, and a silicone oil to a mill treatment and/or a high-pressure dispersion treatment; and ultraviolet shielding fine particles or a material dispersed therewith, characterized by being produced by the above method. Also, the present invention provides a method of producing a powdery product of ultraviolet shielding fine particles, characterized by drying the material dispersed with ultraviolet shielding fine particles obtainable by the above method. Further, the present invention provides cosmetics comprising a material dispersed with ultraviolet shielding fine particles or a powdery product of the ultraviolet shielding fine particles. The material dispersed with ultraviolet shielding fine particles of the present invention is characterized in that the ultraviolet shielding fine particles comprise particles comprising one or more inorganic substances having shielding abilities against ultraviolet light, surfaces thereof being coated with one or more silicone dispersants selected from modified silicones and reactive silicones, and that at least a part of the ultraviolet shielding fine particles is dispersed in a silicone oil as aggregated particles of the particles comprising inorganic substances.
摘要:
A method for producing a fatty acid alkyl ester for diesel fuel oil starting with a fat/oil material such as an edible oil whereby the qualities required of diesel fuel oil can be satisfied and the wastes from the production process can be minimized. The method is characterized by including subjecting a fat/oil material to transesterification with an alcohol, washing with water the oily phase of the reaction mixture, eliminating water after washing via absorption by a high-water-absorptive resin, and then separating the high-water-absorptive resin gel to thereby provide a fatty acid alkyl ester suitable for diesel fuel oil.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing an alkyl ester of a fatty acid, including the steps of carrying out an esterification reaction between a free fatty acid contained in a fat or oil and an alcohol; carrying out a transesterification reaction between a fat or oil and an alcohol; and refining an alkyl ester of a fatty acid, wherein at least any one of three steps is carried out in a corresponding step selected from the steps of (a) contacting a fat or oil and an alcohol with a resin foamed article to which a catalyst containing fine strongly acidic particles is supported or a resin foamed article modified to be strongly acidic, and carrying out an esterification reaction between a free fatty acid in the fat or oil and the alcohol; (b) contacting a fat or oil and an alcohol with a resin foamed article to which a catalyst containing fine alkali particles is supported, and carrying out a transesterification reaction between the fat or oil and the alcohol; and (c) contacting a reaction mixture obtained by the transesterification reaction with a resin foamed article to remove impurities via adsorption, and refining an alkyl ester of a fatty acid.
摘要:
A process for producing diesel fuel oil from fat and oil comprises producing fatty acid methyl ester for diesel fuel in accordance with transesterification of the fat and oil with methanol, wherein the process further comprises a step of converting glycerol formed as a by-product into methanol, and the obtained methanol is used as a material for the transesterification. In the step of converting glycerol formed as a by-product into methanol, water in an equimolar amount or more to the amount of glycerol is added to glycerol, the obtained mixture is gasified under a pressure of 2 MPa or greater at a temperature of 700° C. or higher to convert the mixture into a gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and carbon monoxide and hydrogen are then converted into methanol in accordance with a methanol synthesis process.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to ultraviolet shielding composite fine particles having transparency in a visible light region include (a) matrix particles comprising an aggregate of primary particles having an average particle diameter of from 0.001 to 0.3 .mu.m, the aggregate being formed while the primary particles retain their shapes; and (b) daughter particles having an average particle diameter of from 0.001 to 0.1 .mu.m, the daughter particles being dispersed in and supported by the matrix particles. In the composite fine particles, the daughter particles have a smaller band gap energy than the particles constituting the matrix particles and are capable of absorbing ultraviolet light, and the resulting ultraviolet shielding composite fine particles have substantially no catalytic activity.
摘要:
A method of detecting the condition of a liquid layer level in a case where a plurality of liquids are in a layer condition, such method of being capable of knowing each layer level condition even in a case where a system as a whole is high at temperature, pressure or dirt as well as emulsification are large in extent. In order to detect the layer condition, the measurement values of temperatures and so on in a system as a whole or the mathematically processed values of the measurement values are provided as inputs, the layer level condition at this time is outputted, processed by a neurocomputer so as to compose an input-output model. As the layer level condition at this time is adapted to be estimated with the use of the input-output model, the layer level condition may be properly detected even when a system as a whole is high at temperature, pressure or the dirt as well as the emulsification are larger in extent.
摘要:
A compound having a carbonyl group and/or a carboxyl group is produced by catalytically oxidizing a polyhydric alcohol having at least one primary hydroxyl group and at least one secondary hydroxyl group in the presence of a supported catalyst comprising at least one catalytic component selected from among the following components (I) to (IV) loaded on a support:(I) A first catalytic component chosen from at least one element selected from group A consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, rhenium, gold, silver and copper,(II) a combination of the first catalytic component with a second catalytic component chosen from at least one element selected from group B consisting of tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, selenium and tellurium,(III) a combination of the first catalytic component with a third catalytic component chosen from at least one element selected from group C consisting of rare earth elements, and(IV) a combination of the first catalytic component with the second catalytic component and the third catalytic component.