公开(公告)号：US20140256855A1

公开(公告)日：2014-09-11

申请号：US14240161

申请日：2012-08-21

申请人： Kouki Wakabayashi ,  Naoki Sugiura ,  Masahiro Hata ,  Shigekazu Takeda ,  Keigo Yoshida ,  Shuuichi Nakamura

发明人： Kouki Wakabayashi ,  Naoki Sugiura ,  Masahiro Hata ,  Shigekazu Takeda ,  Keigo Yoshida ,  Shuuichi Nakamura

IPC分类号： C08L75/04

CPC分类号： C08L75/04 ,  C08J5/042 ,  C08J5/06 ,  C08J2300/24 ,  C08L63/00 ,  C09D163/10 ,  D06M13/11 ,  D06M13/2246 ,  D06M15/55 ,  D06M15/564 ,  D06M2101/40

摘要： The present invention provides: a carbon fiber sizing agent that can obtain a carbon fiber bundle having a superior effect of improving mechanical properties when composited using a resin; an aqueous dispersion thereof; a carbon fiber bundle; a sheet-shaped article having a carbon fiber bundle; and a composite material. The carbon fiber sizing agent contains: a compound (A) that is an ester of an unsaturated monobasic acid and an epoxy compound having a plurality of epoxy groups in the molecule, and that has at least one epoxy group in the molecule; a urethane acrylate oligomer (B) that is bifunctional and that has a tensile elongation rate of the cured product of at least 40%; and a polyurethane resin (C) having a tensile elongation rate of a dried coating film of 350-900% inclusive. The amounts of A-C contained satisfy the conditions described in the description. The aqueous dispersion disperses the sizing agent. The carbon fiber bundle contains 0.6-3.0 mass % inclusive of the sizing agent. The sheet-shaped article and a pultruded composite material contain the carbon fiber bundle. The composite material contains the sheet-shaped article.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种碳纤维上浆剂，其可以获得当使用树脂复合时具有改善机械性能的优异效果的碳纤维束; 其水分散体; 碳纤维束; 具有碳纤维束的片状制品; 和复合材料。 碳纤维上浆剂含有：分子内具有不饱和一元酸的酯和具有多个环氧基的环氧化合物的化合物（A），在分子中具有至少一个环氧基; 双官能的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯低聚物（B），固化物的拉伸伸长率为40％以上。 和干燥涂膜的拉伸伸长率为350〜900％的聚氨酯树脂（C）。 含有A-C的量满足说明书中描述的条件。 水性分散体分散上浆剂。 碳纤维束含有0.6〜3.0质量％的上浆剂。 片状制品和拉挤复合材料含有碳纤维束。 复合材料包含片状制品。

公开(公告)号：US20120088104A1

公开(公告)日：2012-04-12

申请号：US13377207

申请日：2010-06-10

申请人： Hiroshi Hashimoto ,  Naoki Sugiura ,  Yasuyuki Fujii ,  Hiroko Matsumura ,  Takahiro Okuya ,  Isao Ooki ,  Masahiro Hata ,  Kouki Wakabayashi ,  Akiyoshi Kogame ,  Kazunori Sumiya ,  Akito Hatayama

发明人： Hiroshi Hashimoto ,  Naoki Sugiura ,  Yasuyuki Fujii ,  Hiroko Matsumura ,  Takahiro Okuya ,  Isao Ooki ,  Masahiro Hata ,  Kouki Wakabayashi ,  Akiyoshi Kogame ,  Kazunori Sumiya ,  Akito Hatayama

IPC分类号： D02G3/22 ,  D01F9/12 ,  D01F6/18

CPC分类号： D01F6/18 ,  D01D5/247 ,  D01F9/22 ,  Y10T428/2975 ,  Y10T428/2978 ,  Y10T428/298

摘要： Provided is a carbon fiber bundle for obtaining a fiber-reinforced plastic having high mechanical characteristics. An acrylonitrile swollen fiber for a carbon fiber having openings of 10 nm or more in width in the circumference direction of the swollen fiber at a ratio in the range of 0.3 openings/μm2 or more and 2 openings/μm2 or less on the surface of the swollen fiber, and the swollen fiber is not treated with a finishing oil agent. A precursor fiber obtained by treating the swollen fiber with a silicone-based finishing oil agent has a silicon content of 1700 ppm or more and 5000 ppm or less, and the silicon content is 50 ppm or more and 300 ppm or less after the finishing oil agent is washed away with methyl ethyl ketone by using a Soxhlet extraction apparatus for 8 hours. The fiber is preferably an acrylonitrile copolymer containing acrylonitrile in an amount of 96.0 mass % or more and 99.7 mass % or less and an unsaturated hydrocarbon having at least one carboxyl group or ester group in an amount of 0.3 mass % or more and 4.0 mass % or less.

摘要翻译： 提供一种用于获得具有高机械特性的纤维增强塑料的碳纤维束。 一种用于碳纤维的丙烯腈溶胀纤维，其在膨胀纤维的圆周方向上的开口宽度为10nm以上，比例为0.3个/μm2以上，2个开口/μm2以下 溶胀纤维，并且溶胀纤维不用整理油剂处理。 通过用硅氧烷系整饰油剂处理溶胀纤维而获得的前体纤维的硅含量为1700ppm以上且5000ppm以下，完成油后的硅含量为50ppm以上且300ppm以下 用索氏提取装置用甲基乙基酮洗涤试剂8小时。 纤维优选含有量为96.0质量％以上且99.7质量％以下的丙烯腈的丙烯腈共聚物和具有0.3质量％以上且4.0质量％以下的至少一种羧基或酯基的不饱和烃， 或更少。

公开(公告)号：US20060035548A1

公开(公告)日：2006-02-16

申请号：US10521433

申请日：2003-07-18

申请人： Kazuya Goto ,  Kazuki Koga ,  Tadayoshi Saitou ,  Akihiro Ito ,  Tsuneo Takano ,  Kouki Wakabayashi

发明人： Kazuya Goto ,  Kazuki Koga ,  Tadayoshi Saitou ,  Akihiro Ito ,  Tsuneo Takano ,  Kouki Wakabayashi

IPC分类号： B32B27/12 ,  B32B27/04 ,  B32B27/38

CPC分类号： D06M15/55 ,  B29B15/122 ,  B29C70/081 ,  B29C70/086 ,  B29C70/22 ,  B29C70/342 ,  B29C70/465 ,  B29C70/546 ,  B29K2063/00 ,  B29K2101/10 ,  B29K2101/12 ,  B32B5/022 ,  B32B5/26 ,  B32B2260/023 ,  B32B2262/106 ,  B32B2305/076 ,  B32B2363/00 ,  C08J5/24 ,  Y10T156/10 ,  Y10T428/2481 ,  Y10T428/2495 ,  Y10T428/249921 ,  Y10T442/20 ,  Y10T442/2008 ,  Y10T442/2049 ,  Y10T442/2139 ,  Y10T442/2361 ,  Y10T442/2861 ,  Y10T442/2926 ,  Y10T442/2951 ,  Y10T442/2984 ,  Y10T442/2992 ,  Y10T442/3854

摘要： An FRP is produced using a prepreg comprising reinforcing fiber, a sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate containing reinforcing fiber, and a matrix resin, wherein the matrix resin is impregnated into the sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate and also covers one surface of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate, and the matrix resin impregnation ratio is within a range of 35% to 95%; a prepreg comprising reinforcing fiber, a sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate containing reinforcing fiber, and a matrix resin, wherein the matrix resin exists on both surfaces of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate, and the portion inside the sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate into which the matrix resin has not been impregnated is continuous; or a prepreg comprising reinforcing fiber, a sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate containing reinforcing fiber, and a matrix resin, wherein at least one surface exhibits a sea-and-island-type pattern comprising resin-impregnated portions (island portions) where the matrix resin is present at the surface and fiber portions (sea portions) where the matrix resin is not present at the surface, the surface coverage ratio of the matrix resin on those surfaces with said a sea-and-island-type pattern is within a range of 3% to 80%, and the weave intersection coverage ratio for the island portions, represented by a formula (1) shown below, is at least 40%, displays excellent external appearance, with no internal voids or surface pinholes, even when molded is conducted using only vacuum pressure. Island portions weave intersection coverage ratio (%)=(T/Y)×100   (1) (wherein, T represents a number of island portions that cover weave intersections, and Y represents a number of weave intersections within said reinforcing fiber woven fabric on said surface with said sea-and-island-type pattern).

公开(公告)号：US20120276795A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-01

申请号：US13446722

申请日：2012-04-13

申请人： Kazuya GOTO ,  Kazuki KOGA ,  Tadayoshi SAITOU ,  Akihiro ITO ,  Tsuneo TAKANO ,  Kouki WAKABAYASHI

发明人： Kazuya GOTO ,  Kazuki KOGA ,  Tadayoshi SAITOU ,  Akihiro ITO ,  Tsuneo TAKANO ,  Kouki WAKABAYASHI

IPC分类号： B32B5/02

CPC分类号： D06M15/55 ,  B29B15/122 ,  B29C70/081 ,  B29C70/086 ,  B29C70/22 ,  B29C70/342 ,  B29C70/465 ,  B29C70/546 ,  B29K2063/00 ,  B29K2101/10 ,  B29K2101/12 ,  B32B5/022 ,  B32B5/26 ,  B32B2260/023 ,  B32B2262/106 ,  B32B2305/076 ,  B32B2363/00 ,  C08J5/24 ,  Y10T156/10 ,  Y10T428/2481 ,  Y10T428/2495 ,  Y10T428/249921 ,  Y10T442/20 ,  Y10T442/2008 ,  Y10T442/2049 ,  Y10T442/2139 ,  Y10T442/2361 ,  Y10T442/2861 ,  Y10T442/2926 ,  Y10T442/2951 ,  Y10T442/2984 ,  Y10T442/2992 ,  Y10T442/3854

摘要： The invention relates to a prepreg containing a reinforcing fiber, a sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate including the reinforcing fiber, and a matrix resin, wherein the matrix resin is impregnated into the sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate and also covers one surface of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate, such that the matrix resin impregnation ratio is within a range of 35% to 95%. The invention also relates to a prepreg containing a reinforcing fiber substrate in the form of a sheet and formed from a reinforcing fiber woven fabric, and a matrix resin, wherein at least one surface of the reinforcing fiber substrate displays a sea-and-island-type pattern with resin-impregnated portions (island portions) and fiber portions (sea portions), such that a surface coverage of the matrix resin is within a range of 3% to 80%.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及含有增强纤维的预浸料，含有增强纤维的片状增强纤维基材和基质树脂，其中基质树脂浸渍在片状增强纤维基材中，并且还覆盖片材的一个表面 使基体树脂浸渍率在35％〜95％的范围内。 本发明还涉及一种预浸料，其含有片状的增强纤维基材，由增强纤维织物和基质树脂形成，其中，增强纤维基材的至少一个表面呈现海岛状， 树脂浸渍部（岛部）和纤维部（海水部）形成的基体树脂的表面覆盖率在3％〜80％的范围内。

公开(公告)号：US20110151206A1

公开(公告)日：2011-06-23

申请号：US13037696

申请日：2011-03-01

申请人： Kazuya Goto ,  Kazuki Koga ,  Tadayoshi Saitou ,  Akihiro Ito ,  Tsuneo Takano ,  Kouki Wakabayashi

发明人： Kazuya Goto ,  Kazuki Koga ,  Tadayoshi Saitou ,  Akihiro Ito ,  Tsuneo Takano ,  Kouki Wakabayashi

IPC分类号： B32B5/02 ,  B32B37/00 ,  B32B3/10 ,  B32B7/02 ,  B32B27/04

CPC分类号： D06M15/55 ,  B29B15/122 ,  B29C70/081 ,  B29C70/086 ,  B29C70/22 ,  B29C70/342 ,  B29C70/465 ,  B29C70/546 ,  B29K2063/00 ,  B29K2101/10 ,  B29K2101/12 ,  B32B5/022 ,  B32B5/26 ,  B32B2260/023 ,  B32B2262/106 ,  B32B2305/076 ,  B32B2363/00 ,  C08J5/24 ,  Y10T156/10 ,  Y10T428/2481 ,  Y10T428/2495 ,  Y10T428/249921 ,  Y10T442/20 ,  Y10T442/2008 ,  Y10T442/2049 ,  Y10T442/2139 ,  Y10T442/2361 ,  Y10T442/2861 ,  Y10T442/2926 ,  Y10T442/2951 ,  Y10T442/2984 ,  Y10T442/2992 ,  Y10T442/3854

摘要： An FRP is produced using a prepreg comprising reinforcing fiber, a sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate containing reinforcing fiber, and a matrix resin, wherein the matrix resin is impregnated into the sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate and also covers one surface of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate, and the matrix resin impregnation ratio is within a range of 35% to 95%; a prepreg comprising reinforcing fiber, a sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate containing reinforcing fiber, and a matrix resin, wherein the matrix resin exists on both surfaces of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate, and the portion inside the sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate into which the matrix resin has not been impregnated is continuous; or a prepreg comprising reinforcing fiber, a sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate containing reinforcing fiber, and a matrix resin, wherein at least one surface exhibits a sea-and-island-type pattern comprising resin-impregnated portions (island portions) where the matrix resin is present at the surface and fiber portions (sea portions) where the matrix resin is not present at the surface, the surface coverage ratio of the matrix resin on those surfaces with said a sea-and-island-type pattern is within a range of 3% to 80%, and the weave intersection coverage ratio for the island portions, represented by a formula (1) shown below, is at least 40%, displays excellent external appearance, with no internal voids or surface pinholes, even when molded is conducted using only vacuum pressure. Island portions weave intersection coverage ratio (%)=(T/Y)×100  (1) (wherein, T represents a number of island portions that cover weave intersections, and Y represents a number of weave intersections within said reinforcing fiber woven fabric on said surface with said sea-and-island-type pattern).

公开(公告)号：US20090123717A1

公开(公告)日：2009-05-14

申请号：US12244676

申请日：2008-10-02

申请人： Kazuya Goto ,  Kazuki Koga ,  Tadayoshi Saitou ,  Akihiro Ito ,  Tsuneo Takano ,  Kouki Wakabayashi

发明人： Kazuya Goto ,  Kazuki Koga ,  Tadayoshi Saitou ,  Akihiro Ito ,  Tsuneo Takano ,  Kouki Wakabayashi

IPC分类号： B32B5/10 ,  B32B37/06

CPC分类号： D06M15/55 ,  B29B15/122 ,  B29C70/081 ,  B29C70/086 ,  B29C70/22 ,  B29C70/342 ,  B29C70/465 ,  B29C70/546 ,  B29K2063/00 ,  B29K2101/10 ,  B29K2101/12 ,  B32B5/022 ,  B32B5/26 ,  B32B2260/023 ,  B32B2262/106 ,  B32B2305/076 ,  B32B2363/00 ,  C08J5/24 ,  Y10T156/10 ,  Y10T428/2481 ,  Y10T428/2495 ,  Y10T428/249921 ,  Y10T442/20 ,  Y10T442/2008 ,  Y10T442/2049 ,  Y10T442/2139 ,  Y10T442/2361 ,  Y10T442/2861 ,  Y10T442/2926 ,  Y10T442/2951 ,  Y10T442/2984 ,  Y10T442/2992 ,  Y10T442/3854

摘要： An FRP is produced using a prepreg comprising reinforcing fiber, a sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate containing reinforcing fiber, and a matrix resin, wherein the matrix resin is impregnated into the sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate and also covers one surface of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate, and the matrix resin impregnation ratio is within a range of 35% to 95%; a prepreg comprising reinforcing fiber, a sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate containing reinforcing fiber, and a matrix resin, wherein the matrix resin exists on both surfaces of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate, and the portion inside the sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate into which the matrix resin has not been impregnated is continuous; or a prepreg comprising reinforcing fiber, a sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate containing reinforcing fiber, and a matrix resin, wherein at least one surface exhibits a sea-and-island-type pattern comprising resin-impregnated portions (island portions) where the matrix resin is present at the surface and fiber portions (sea portions) where the matrix resin is not present at the surface, the surface coverage ratio of the matrix resin on those surfaces with said a sea-and-island-type pattern is within a range of 3% to 80%, and the weave intersection coverage ratio for the island portions, represented by a formula (1) shown below, is at least 40%, displays excellent external appearance, with no internal voids or surface pinholes, even when molded is conducted using only vacuum pressure. Island portions weave intersection coverage ratio (%)=(T/Y)×100  (1) (wherein, T represents a number of island portions that cover weave intersections, and Y represents a number of weave intersections within said reinforcing fiber woven fabric on said surface with said sea-and-island-type pattern).

公开(公告)号：US09862824B2

公开(公告)日：2018-01-09

申请号：US14240161

申请日：2012-08-21

申请人： Kouki Wakabayashi ,  Naoki Sugiura ,  Masahiro Hata ,  Shigekazu Takeda ,  Keigo Yoshida ,  Shuuichi Nakamura

发明人： Kouki Wakabayashi ,  Naoki Sugiura ,  Masahiro Hata ,  Shigekazu Takeda ,  Keigo Yoshida ,  Shuuichi Nakamura

IPC分类号： C08L75/04 ,  D06M15/55 ,  D06M15/564 ,  C08L63/00 ,  C08J5/06 ,  C08J5/24 ,  D06M101/40 ,  C08L67/02 ,  D06M15/507 ,  D06M13/11 ,  D06M13/224 ,  C08J5/04 ,  C09D163/10

CPC分类号： C08L75/04 ,  C08J5/042 ,  C08J5/06 ,  C08J2300/24 ,  C08L63/00 ,  C09D163/10 ,  D06M13/11 ,  D06M13/2246 ,  D06M15/55 ,  D06M15/564 ,  D06M2101/40

摘要： The present invention provides: a carbon fiber sizing agent that can obtain a carbon fiber bundle having a superior effect of improving mechanical properties when composited using a resin; an aqueous dispersion thereof; a carbon fiber bundle; a sheet-shaped article having a carbon fiber bundle; and a composite material. The carbon fiber sizing agent contains: a compound (A) that is an ester of an unsaturated monobasic acid and an epoxy compound having a plurality of epoxy groups in the molecule, and that has at least one epoxy group in the molecule; a urethane acrylate oligomer (B) that is bifunctional and that has a tensile elongation rate of the cured product of at least 40%; and a polyurethane resin (C) having a tensile elongation rate of a dried coating film of 350-900% inclusive. The amounts of A-C contained satisfy the conditions described in the description. The aqueous dispersion disperses the sizing agent. The carbon fiber bundle contains 0.6-3.0 mass % inclusive of the sizing agent. The sheet-shaped article and a pultruded composite material contain the carbon fiber bundle. The composite material contains the sheet-shaped article.

公开(公告)号：US08679991B2

公开(公告)日：2014-03-25

申请号：US13446722

申请日：2012-04-13

申请人： Kazuya Goto ,  Kazuki Koga ,  Tadayoshi Saitou ,  Akihiro Ito ,  Tsuneo Takano ,  Kouki Wakabayashi

发明人： Kazuya Goto ,  Kazuki Koga ,  Tadayoshi Saitou ,  Akihiro Ito ,  Tsuneo Takano ,  Kouki Wakabayashi

IPC分类号： B32B5/18 ,  B32B5/22

CPC分类号： D06M15/55 ,  B29B15/122 ,  B29C70/081 ,  B29C70/086 ,  B29C70/22 ,  B29C70/342 ,  B29C70/465 ,  B29C70/546 ,  B29K2063/00 ,  B29K2101/10 ,  B29K2101/12 ,  B32B5/022 ,  B32B5/26 ,  B32B2260/023 ,  B32B2262/106 ,  B32B2305/076 ,  B32B2363/00 ,  C08J5/24 ,  Y10T156/10 ,  Y10T428/2481 ,  Y10T428/2495 ,  Y10T428/249921 ,  Y10T442/20 ,  Y10T442/2008 ,  Y10T442/2049 ,  Y10T442/2139 ,  Y10T442/2361 ,  Y10T442/2861 ,  Y10T442/2926 ,  Y10T442/2951 ,  Y10T442/2984 ,  Y10T442/2992 ,  Y10T442/3854

摘要： The invention relates to a prepreg containing a reinforcing fiber, a sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate including the reinforcing fiber, and a matrix resin, wherein the matrix resin is impregnated into the sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate and also covers one surface of the sheet-like reinforcing fiber substrate, such that the matrix resin impregnation ratio is within a range of 35% to 95%. The invention also relates to a prepreg containing a reinforcing fiber substrate in the form of a sheet and formed from a reinforcing fiber woven fabric, and a matrix resin, wherein at least one surface of the reinforcing fiber substrate displays a sea-and-island-type pattern with resin-impregnated portions (island portions) and fiber portions (sea portions), such that a surface coverage of the matrix resin is within a range of 3% to 80%.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及含有增强纤维的预浸料，含有增强纤维的片状增强纤维基材和基质树脂，其中基质树脂浸渍在片状增强纤维基材中，并且还覆盖片材的一个表面 使基体树脂浸渍率在35％〜95％的范围内。 本发明还涉及一种预浸料，其含有片状的增强纤维基材，由增强纤维织物和基质树脂形成，其中，增强纤维基材的至少一个表面呈现海岛状， 树脂浸渍部（岛部）和纤维部（海水部）形成的基体树脂的表面覆盖率在3％〜80％的范围内。

公开(公告)号：US20120088103A1

公开(公告)日：2012-04-12

申请号：US13377289

申请日：2010-06-10

申请人： Naoki Sugiura ,  Takahiro Okuya ,  Hiroshi Hashimoto ,  Isao Ooki ,  Hiroko Matsumura ,  Masahiro Hata ,  Kouki Wakabayashi ,  Akito Hatayama

发明人： Naoki Sugiura ,  Takahiro Okuya ,  Hiroshi Hashimoto ,  Isao Ooki ,  Hiroko Matsumura ,  Masahiro Hata ,  Kouki Wakabayashi ,  Akito Hatayama

IPC分类号： D02G3/22 ,  D02G3/36 ,  D02G3/02

CPC分类号： D01F6/18 ,  D01F9/22 ,  D01F9/32 ,  D01F11/12 ,  D01F11/14 ,  D01F11/16 ,  D06M10/06 ,  D06M10/10 ,  D06M11/76 ,  D06M15/53 ,  D06M15/55 ,  D06M15/568 ,  D06M2101/40 ,  Y10T428/2918

摘要： Provided is a carbon fiber bundle for obtaining a fiber-reinforced resin having high mechanical characteristics. A carbon fiber bundle formed of single carbon fibers, each of which has no uneven surface structure of 0.6 μm or more in length extending in the longitudinal direction of the single fiber; which has an uneven structure having a difference in height (Rp−v) of 5 to 25 nm between the highest portion and the lowest portion of the surface of the single fiber and having an average roughness Ra of 2 to 6 nm; and which has a ratio of the major axis to the minor axis (major axis/minor axis) of a cross-section of the single fiber of 1.00 to 1.01, wherein a mass of the single fiber per unit length falls within the range of 0.030 to 0.042 mg/m; a strand strength is 5900 MPa or more; a strand elastic modulus measured by the ASTM method is 250 to 380 GPa; and a knot tenacity is 900 N/mm2 or more.

摘要翻译： 提供一种用于获得具有高机械特性的纤维增强树脂的碳纤维束。 由单个碳纤维形成的碳纤维束，每个碳纤维的长度方向上均没有不均匀的表面结构，长0.6μm以上， 其具有在单纤维的表面的最高部分和最低部分之间具有5至25nm的高度差（Rp-v）的不均匀结构，并且具有2至6nm的平均粗糙度Ra; 并且其单轴纤维横截面的长轴与短轴（长轴/短轴）的比率为1.00至1.01，其中单位长度的单纤维的质量落在0.030的范围内 至0.042mg / m; 绞线强度为5900MPa以上; 通过ASTM方法测量的股线弹性模量为250至380GPa; 结强度为900N / mm2以上。