摘要:
An auxiliary power unit (APU), a method of operating an APU and a vehicle comprising the APU are provided. The APU includes a fuel processor and a fuel cell, the fuel processor being provided with steam, air and dimethyl ether (DME). In order to avoid decreased functionality of the fuel cell caused by lubricants in the DME, a heat exchanger is provided for separating lubricant from the DME.
摘要:
An exhaust gas after treatment system includes a diesel particulate filter unit arranged downstream of a diesel engine, a NO2 reduction catalyst arranged downstream of said diesel particulate filter, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) arrangement arranged downstream of said NO2 reduction catalyst, a first injector for feeding reducing agent into the exhaust gas arranged downstream said particulate filter and upstream said NO2 reduction catalyst, a second injector for feeding reducing agent into the exhaust gas arranged downstream said NO2 reduction catalyst and upstream said selective catalytic reduction (SCR) arrangement. An exhaust gas after treatment method is also provided.
摘要:
A method for generating a power control command in a transceiver in a wireless communication system, where the method comprises the steps of calculating, at the beginning of a predefined time period, a quality measure reference value, generating, repeatedly during the predefined time period, an estimated quality measure value of a signal received at the transceiver; generating a power control command in dependence of the estimated quality measure value and the quality measure reference value; and generating, a number of times during the predefined time period, a modified quality measure reference value from the quality measure reference value. The step of generating the power control command comprises comparing the estimated quality measure value with the modified quality measure reference value. A power control unit, comprising a quality measure estimator, a calculator, a first controller, a second controller and an inner loop element, is configured to implement the method.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method for achieving reduced emissions at cold start of an internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas after treatment system comprising at least one Diesel Oxygen Catalyst (DOC), at least one Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) unit, comprising the steps of: heating the DOC prior to cold starting said internal combustion engine, starting and controlling the internal combustion engine towards low NOx emission when said DOC has reached a predetermined temperature, optimizing the fuel consumption at a given total emission level when said DPF and SCR has reached a predetermined temperature.
摘要:
A wireless communication device or system generates transmit power control feedback for a received power control channel by determining a command error rate (CER), or by identifying a target signal quality for the power control channel according to a defined signal-quality-to-CER mapping function. Generally, the power control channel does not include error-coded data to use for CER estimation. However, in one embodiment, the channel does include known reference bits that are evaluated for CER estimation, with the estimated CER used to set the signal quality target for inner loop power control. In other embodiments, a computed reception error probability is used to identify a CER estimate according to a defined probability-to-CER mapping function. By way of non-limiting example, these embodiments may be used to provide power control feedback for power control commands transmitted on a Fractional Dedicated Physical Channel in WCDMA systems.
摘要:
According to method and apparatus embodiments taught herein, power control feedback is generated for a control channel signal that is received in conjunction with a reference channel signal based on the reference channel's signal strength or quality, and an estimate of a gain factor relating the control and reference channel signals. By way of non-limiting example set in a Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) context, the reference channel signal comprises a Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) signal and the control channel signal comprises a Fractional Dedicated Physical Channel (F-DPCH) signal that is transmitted at an (unknown) power gain relative to the CPICH signal.
摘要:
A system and an on-board-diagnosis method is provided for an exhaust aftertreatment system of an engine including a diesel particulate filter unit which encompasses a particulate filter in which soot can be oxidized by NO2 and constituents of the exhaust gas are deoxidized in a nitrogen-oxides reduction unit arranged downstream of the diesel particulate filter unit, wherein the exhaust gas flows from the diesel particulate filter unit to the nitrogen-oxides reduction unit. The on-board-diagnosis method includes estimating an NO2 content upstream of the nitrogen-oxides reduction unit, measuring at least one of an NOx or NO2 content upstream of the nitrogen-oxides reduction unit, performing a comparison between the estimated and the measured contents, and, based on the result of the comparison deciding on at least one conditioning step of the diesel particulate filter unit.
摘要:
Methods and apparatus are described for improving convergence time of a reference signal-to-interference (SIR) value calculated in outer loop power control for use in inner loop power control. Instead of considering only error rate information for each transport channel individually, other information, such as quality information from other transport channels and block rate information for the channel, is also considered to determine the reference SIR. By considering such other information, an improved outer loop power control is achieved, thus reducing the power needed for the physical channel and increasing the capacity of the communication system.
摘要:
A hose clamp (1) comprises bands (2) forming an open ring. The ends of the open ring have band loops (3, 4) arranged around housing portions (5, 6), between which housing portions (5, 6) a clamping screw (7) with a head (8) is arranged. The bands (3, 4) adjacent to the housing portions (5, 6) have slots (9, 10). The band loop (4) along the slot (10), at least adjacent to the head (8) of the clamping screw, is turned on both sides of the slot (10) in such a manner that the distance between the band portions (11) turned adjacent to the slot (10) adjacent to the head (8) of the clamping screw is greater than the outer diameter of the head (8) of the clamping screw.
摘要:
Whether relative velocity between a transmitter and a receiver is higher than a predetermined amount is detected. This involves using a Doppler estimation technique to generate an estimate of Doppler spread, {circumflex over (f)}D(1), based on a received signal, and using an alternative velocity estimation technique to generate an estimate of velocity, {circumflex over (v)}, based on the received signal, wherein the alternative velocity estimation technique differs from the Doppler estimation technique. A plurality of estimates, including at least the estimate of Doppler spread and the estimate of velocity, are used to detect whether the relative velocity between the transmitter and the receiver is higher than the predetermined amount. The alternative velocity estimation technique may, for example, be a second Doppler estimation technique that differs from the other Doppler estimation technique.