Abstract:
A method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting element. A first layer is formed above a substrate, and exhibits hole injection properties. A bank material layer is formed above the first layer using a bank material. Banks are formed by patterning the bank material layer, and forming a resin film on a surface of the first layer by attaching a portion of the bank material layer to the first layer, the banks defining apertures corresponding to light-emitters, the resin material being the same as the bank material. A functional layer is formed by applying ink to the apertures that contacts the resin film. The ink contains an organic material. The functional layer includes an organic light-emitting layer. A second layer is formed above the functional layer and exhibits electron injection properties. The hole injection properties of the first layer are then degraded by applying electrical power to an element structure.
Abstract:
A device in a line part from a LAN to a WAN includes a plurality of cards which includes a TCP converter relaying two TCP communications. The TCP converter exchanges the number of connections in which data transmission is in progress and the number of connections in which data reception is in progress between TCP converters, receives the total number of connections in which data reception is in progress in an opposite device and an access line bandwidth to a WAN from the opposite device for each TCP connection. A control bandwidth is determined on the basis of the retransmission ratio of data, the total number of connections in which data transmission is in progress and an access line bandwidth to the WAN, and the total number of connections in which data reception is in progress and an access line bandwidth to the WAN of which the opposite device notifies.
Abstract:
A network controller, capable of high-speed extraction of malicious traffic from networks and determining characteristics of such traffic, includes a unit for accumulating a number of packets for each arbitrary itemset included in the header portions of packets to be transferred, and a unit for determining whether the accumulated value obtained by the accumulating unit exceeds a predetermined threshold, and determines the types of packets to be transferred from accumulated values of the itemset and an itemset different from the itemset when the number of packets exceed a threshold.
Abstract:
An object of the present invention is to provide a communication apparatus and a data distribution system which are fast in the response speed of data distribution and require less space and less electric power. The present invention provides a communication apparatus which is provided with a broadband transmission module for reproduction by which a constant amount of data is transmitted from an initial data transmission server in a broad band immediately after a client instructs to distribute the data and then, subsequent data is transmitted from a subsequent data transmission server in a normal band, a load balancing module (a module for dispersing a distribution request from a client among plural servers accumulating the same file) and a file dispersion access module (a module for sorting a distribution request from a client into a server storing the file corresponding to the distribution request), and which includes a server arraying module for directly arraying plural servers without using a disk array to integrate resources of the servers into one. Further, the present invention provides a VOD distribution system including the communication apparatus and the plural servers.
Abstract:
A method of reducing icing-related engine misfires during operation of a vehicle is provided. The vehicle can include an engine and an engine control unit operable for at least partially controlling operation of the engine. The vehicle can further include a plurality of sensors in electrical communication with the engine control unit. The engine can include an air intake system and an exhaust system, wherein the air intake system can include a positive crankcase ventilation valve. The method includes predicting the presence of ice within the air intake system based upon an input to the engine control unit from at least one of the sensors.
Abstract:
A communication device, an illegal communication protection device, and network system for providing protection from illegal communications. A communication device is connected to a network, for receiving packets sent and received over networks, and transmitting packets based on the packet destination, includes a control unit, and a storage unit for storing a routing table that stores the destination information. When there is a connection request from a packet that was received, the control unit stores the transmit source address of that packet and the line number where that packet was received, into a routing table, and where there is no connection request from the received packet, the control unit refers to the routing table, acquires the line number linked to an address matching the destination address of that packet, and sends the applicable packet via the acquired line number.
Abstract:
A control system is disclosed that accelerates the rise in temperature of a catalyst provided in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. The system increases the intake air amount after the engine starts and retards the ignition timing according to a rotational speed of the engine. In this control system, a failure of the catalyst temperature rise acceleration control is diagnosed according to the engine rotational speed and/or a retard amount of the ignition timing during the execution of the catalyst temperature rise acceleration control. The above failure may also be diagnosed according to at least one of the ignition timing and the engine rotational speed when decreasing the intake air amount during the execution of the catalyst temperature rise acceleration control. The above failure may also be diagnosed according to a detected catalyst temperature and an estimated catalyst temperature.
Abstract:
A system for detecting malfunction of a radiator, more precisely a thermostat (shut-off valve) in the engine cooling system. In the system, an estimated coolant temperature CTW is calculated from the temperature condition and operating condition at engine starting. When the estimated coolant temperature CTW has reached a judge malfunction value CTWJUD but the detected coolant temperature TW has not reached a judge normal value TWJUD, the thermostat 64 is discriminated to have malfunctioned, thereby enabling to detect malfunction of the radiator with high accuracy and high response.
Abstract:
An evaporative fuel-processing system for an internal combustion engine includes a canister for adsorbing evaporative fuel generated in the fuel tank, a charging passage, a pressure-regulating valve for regulating pressure within the fuel tank to a predetermined value, a bypass passage, a bypass valve for opening and closing the bypass passage, a purging passage, an open-to-atmosphere passage for relieving the interior of the canister to the atmosphere, a tank system formed by a part of the charging passage on one side of the bypass valve closer to the fuel tank, inclusive of the fuel tank, and a pressure sensor for detecting pressure within the tank system. An ECU opens and closes the bypass valve at cold starting of the engine, and compares the difference between output values from the pressure sensor obtained before and after opening of the bypass valve with a predetermined value. Presence of leakage from the tank system is checked based on the result of the comparison.
Abstract:
An idling rotational speed control system for an internal combustion engine installed in a vehicle including an air-fuel ratio sensor arranged in the exhaust system, and an ECU which corrects the air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture supplied to the engine in a feedback manner responsive to an output from the air-fuel ratio sensor, by using an air-fuel ratio correction amount calculated according to the output from the air-fuel ratio sensor. The rotational speed of the engine is detected, and the ECU controls the rotational speed of the engine during idling to a desired value in a feedback manner responsive to the detected rotational speed of the engine. The ECU determines whether the idling rotational speed control system is abnormal, based on the detected rotational speed of the engine and a control parameter used for the control of the rotational speed of the engine during idling. The idling rotational speed control system includes at least one of a brake system operation sensor for detecting operation of the brake system, and a throttle valve opening sensor for detecting opening of the throttle valve. When at least one of conditions is satisfied that the brake system is operated, the opening of the throttle valve exceeds a predetermined value, and the air-fuel ratio correction amount falls outside a predetermined range, the abnormality determination is inhibited.