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    Methods of producing phosphitylated compounds
    4.
    发明授权
    Methods of producing phosphitylated compounds 失效
    磷酸化化合物的制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US07217814B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-05-15

    申请号：US10990138

    申请日：2004-11-16

    申请人： Christian Werner ,  Frank Nerenz ,  Andreas Kanschik-Conradsen ,  Kalakota S. Reddy

    发明人： Christian Werner ,  Frank Nerenz ,  Andreas Kanschik-Conradsen ,  Kalakota S. Reddy

    IPC分类号： C07H21/00

    CPC分类号： C07H19/10 ,  C07H19/20

    摘要： Provided are methods of producing phosphitylated compounds, including 3′-O-phosphoramidites, comprising the step of reacting a hydroxyl-containing compound with a phosphitylating agent in the presence of a phosphitylation activator selected from the group consisting of: (1) acid-base complexes derived from an amine base of Formula II wherein R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 are independently hydrogen, C1–C10 alkyl, C3–C10 cycloalkyl, C6–C10 aryl, C7–C10 aralkyl, C1–C10 heteroalkyl, or C1–C10 heteroaryl, and at least one of R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 is not hydrogen; (2) zwitterionic amine complexes; and (3) combinations of two or more thereof, to produce a phosphitylated compound. Further provided are methods for purifying phosphitylated compounds comprising the steps of providing a phosphitylated compound in a solution solvent, contacting said phosphitylated compound with a precipitation solvent, and precipitating said phosphitylated compound.

    摘要翻译： 提供了生产磷酸化化合物（包括3'-O-亚磷酰胺）的方法，包括在含磷酸化活化剂存在下使含羟基的化合物与磷酸化剂反应的步骤，所述磷化活化剂选自：（1）酸碱 衍生自式II的胺碱的络合物，其中R 3，R 4，R 5，R 6， R 7独立地是氢，C 1 -C 10烷基，C 3 -C 10烷基，C 1 -C 10烷基，C 3 -C 10烷基， 环烷基，C 6 -C 10芳基，C 7 -C 10芳烷基，C 1 -C 10烷基， 或者C 1 -C 10杂芳基，以及至少一个R 1，R 2，R 2， R 4，R 4，R 5，R 6和R 7不是氢; （2）两性离子胺络合物; 和（3）两种或更多种的组合，以产生磷酸化化合物。 还提供了纯化磷酸化化合物的方法，包括以下步骤：在溶液中提供磷酸化化合物，使所述磷酸化化合物与沉淀溶剂接触，并使所述磷酸化化合物沉淀。

    Method for the preparation of high purity stannous oxide
    6.
    发明授权
    Method for the preparation of high purity stannous oxide 有权
    制备高纯度氧化亚锡的方法

    公开(公告)号：US08277774B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-10-02

    申请号：US13358561

    申请日：2012-01-26

    申请人： Christian Werner ,  Christoph Steinberg ,  Jessica Maurer ,  Harry Zumaque

    发明人： Christian Werner ,  Christoph Steinberg ,  Jessica Maurer ,  Harry Zumaque

    IPC分类号： G01G19/00

    CPC分类号： C01G19/02 ,  C01P2006/80

    摘要： Provided herein are methods for the preparation of high purity stannous oxide comprising: (a) reacting a Sn salt with a C2-12 dicarboxylic acid in the aqueous phase to form a suspension comprising a Sn-dicarboxylate complex; (b) washing the Sn-dicarboxylate complex with water to obtain a wash solution comprising a washed Sn-dicarboxylate complex essentially free of the anion of the Sn salt; and (c) reacting the washed Sn-dicarboxylate complex with a base to form high purity SnO, wherein the high purity SnO has an alpha radiation count of less than about 0.002 cph/cm2.

    摘要翻译： 本文提供了制备高纯度氧化亚锡的方法，包括：（a）在水相中使Sn盐与C 2-12二羧酸反应以形成包含Sn-二羧酸络合物的悬浮液; （b）用水洗涤Sn-二羧酸络合物，得到包含基本上不含Sn盐阴离子的经洗涤的Sn-二羧酸盐络合物的洗涤溶液; 和（c）使经洗涤的Sn-二羧酸盐络合物与碱反应以形成高纯度SnO，其中高纯度SnO具有小于约0.002cph / cm 2的α辐射计数。

    Process for the Kumada coupling reaction
    7.
    发明授权
    Process for the Kumada coupling reaction 失效
    Kumada偶联反应的方法

    公开(公告)号：US07205414B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-04-17

    申请号：US11033573

    申请日：2005-01-12

    申请人： Christian Werner ,  Frauke Platz ,  Andreas Kanschik-Conradsen

    发明人： Christian Werner ,  Frauke Platz ,  Andreas Kanschik-Conradsen

    IPC分类号： C07D333/08 ,  C07D333/28

    CPC分类号： C07D333/06

    摘要： A method for the formation of 3-alkylthiophenes or 3-arylthiophenes from 3-halothiophenes. More particularly, improvements on the Kumada coupling reaction for the production of 3-alkylthiophenes or 3-arylthiophenes by reacting a 3-halothiophene with an alkylmagnesiumhalide or arylmagnesiumhalide Grignard reagent in the presence of a catalyst and a 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran solvent. The 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran solvent allows for higher concentrations of the Grignard reagent with minimal or no dithienyl side product generation, achieving higher product yields and at a lower cost than other known methods.

    摘要翻译： 从3-卤代噻吩形成3-烷基噻吩或3-芳基噻吩的方法。 更具体地，通过在催化剂和2-甲基四氢呋喃溶剂的存在下使3-卤代噻吩与烷基镁卤化物或芳基镁卤化物格氏试剂反应制备3-烷基噻吩或3-芳基噻吩的Kumada偶联反应的改进。 2-甲基四氢呋喃溶剂允许较高浓度的格利雅试剂与最少或没有二噻吩基产物的产生相比，获得更高的产物产率并以比其它已知方法更低的成本。

    Methods of producing phosphitylated compounds
    8.
    发明授权
    Methods of producing phosphitylated compounds 失效
    磷酸化化合物的制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US06894158B2

    公开(公告)日：2005-05-17

    申请号：US10373336

    申请日：2003-02-24

    申请人： Christian Werner ,  Frank Nerenz ,  Andreas Kanschik-Conradsen ,  Kalakota Reddy

    发明人： Christian Werner ,  Frank Nerenz ,  Andreas Kanschik-Conradsen ,  Kalakota Reddy

    IPC分类号： C12N15/09 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07H19/073 ,  C07H19/10 ,  C07H19/173 ,  C07H19/20 ,  C07H21/00

    CPC分类号： C07H19/10 ,  C07H19/20

    摘要： Provided are methods of producing phosphitylated compounds, including 3′-O-phosphoramidites, comprising the step of reacting a hydroxyl-containing compound with a phosphitylating agent in the presence of a phosphitylation activator selected from the group consisting of: (1) acid-base complexes derived from an amine base of Formula I wherein R, R1, and R2 are independently C1-C10 alkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, C7-C10 aralkyl, C1-C10 heteroalkyl, or C1-C10 heteroaryl, wherein any two adjacent R, R1, and R2 may be connected to form a heterocyclic ring; (2) acid-base complexes derived from a diazabicyclo amine base; and (3) combinations of two or more thereof.

    摘要翻译： 提供了生产磷酸化化合物（包括3'-O-亚磷酰胺）的方法，包括在磷酸化活化剂存在下使含羟基的化合物与磷酸化剂反应的步骤，所述磷化活化剂选自：（1）酸碱 衍生自式I的胺碱的络合物，其中R 1，R 2和R 2独立地为C 1 -C 10烷基， C 1 -C 6烷基，C 3 -C 10环烷基，C 6 -C 10芳基，C

    Method for determining the direction and speed of wind in the atmosphere
    9.
    发明授权
    Method for determining the direction and speed of wind in the atmosphere 失效
    确定大气中风向的方向和速度的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4735503A

    公开(公告)日：1988-04-05

    申请号：US871075

    申请日：1986-06-05

    申请人： Christian Werner ,  Friedrich Kopp ,  Ronald Schwiesow ,  Felix Bachstein

    发明人： Christian Werner ,  Friedrich Kopp ,  Ronald Schwiesow ,  Felix Bachstein

    IPC分类号： G01P5/26 ,  G01S17/95 ,  G01P3/36

    CPC分类号： G01S17/95 ,  G01P5/26

    摘要： A method and device is provided for determining the direction and speed of wind in the atmosphere by means of a laser-Doppler anemometer, wherein only values measured in a sector of about 100.degree. and less of an azimuth scan are supplied or fed to a multiple-peak finder of a measuring device. In order to attain a high processing speed, flowing differentiation takes place by means of digitally operating systems. In order to eliminate the influences from clouds, haze, fog and the like in the measuring device, several frequency maximums are always traced in the multiple-peak finder, whereby in each case a preceding maximum is related to a trailing maximum until the trailing maximum is smaller than the preceding maximum. Because of the attainable high-speed sector scanning, the measuring device can be used for the determination of multiple wind peaks caused by clouds and/or fog echoes, or at an installation site where the measuring range is highly restricted, or also for detecting aircraft wake vortices.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种方法和装置，用于通过激光多普勒风速计来确定大气中的风的方向和速度，其中仅在方位扫描的约100°以下的扇区中测量的值被提供或馈送到多个 测量装置的探头。 为了获得高处理速度，通过数字操作系统进行流动分化。 为了消除测量装置中云，雾，雾等的影响，在多峰寻找器中始终追踪多个频率最大值，由此在每种情况下，先前的最大值都与尾随最大值相关，直到尾部最大值 小于上述最大值。 由于可实现高速扇区扫描，测量装置可用于确定由云和/或雾回波引起的多个风峰，或者在测量范围受到高度限制的安装地点，或用于检测飞机 唤醒涡流

    Method and laser apparatus for measuring visual range, slant visual range and cloud altitude
    10.
    发明授权
    Method and laser apparatus for measuring visual range, slant visual range and cloud altitude 失效
    用于测量视觉范围，倾斜视觉范围和云高度的方法和激光设备

    公开(公告)号：US4502782A

    公开(公告)日：1985-03-05

    申请号：US226470

    申请日：1981-01-19

    申请人： Christian Werner ,  Michael Klier

    发明人： Christian Werner ,  Michael Klier

    IPC分类号： G01N21/53 ,  G01S17/10 ,  G01S17/95 ,  G01C3/08 ,  G01N21/00

    CPC分类号： G01S17/95 ,  G01N21/538 ,  G01S17/105

    摘要： A laser echoe ranging device (lidar) is used both to measure cloud height and to measure slant range visibility. For the latter purpose at various elevation angles, the distance for which the echoe gets down to the noise level is measured by a counter and the echo voltage for a distance selected by a time switch is also stored, for example for various distances in 100 meter steps. These values can be used to compute the slant visual range and, with reference to the data for the different angles of elevation, also the layer structure of an inhomogeneous scattering characteristic of the atmosphere.

    摘要翻译： 激光回波测距装置（激光雷达）用于测量云高度并测量倾斜范围的可视性。 对于不同仰角的后一目的，回波降低到噪声水平的距离由计数器测量，并且由时间开关选择的距离的回波电压也被存储，例如在100米的各种距离 脚步。 这些值可用于计算倾斜的视觉范围，并且参考不同仰角的数据，也可以是大气不均匀散射特征的层结构。