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    Miniature biological fuel cell that is operational under physiological conditions, and associated devices and methods
    1.
    发明授权
    Miniature biological fuel cell that is operational under physiological conditions, and associated devices and methods 有权
    在生理条件下操作的微型生物燃料电池，以及相关的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US07368190B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-05-06

    申请号：US10427113

    申请日：2003-05-01

    申请人： Adam Heller ,  Nicholas Mano ,  Hyug-Han Kim ,  Yongchao Zhang ,  Fei Mao ,  Ting Chen ,  Scott Calabrese Barton

    发明人： Adam Heller ,  Nicholas Mano ,  Hyug-Han Kim ,  Yongchao Zhang ,  Fei Mao ,  Ting Chen ,  Scott Calabrese Barton

    IPC分类号： H01M8/16

    CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  C12Q1/26 ,  C12Q1/32 ,  G01N33/723 ,  Y02E60/527

    摘要： A fuel cell is provided with an anode and a cathode. The anode is in electrical communication with an anode enzyme and the cathode is in electrical communication with a cathode enzyme. The anode enzyme is preferably an oxidase or a dehydrogenase. The cathode enzyme is a copper-containing enzyme, such as a laccase, an ascorbate oxidase, a ceruloplasmine, or a bilirubin oxidase. Preferably, the cathode enzyme is operable under physiological conditions. Redox polymers serve to wire the anode enzyme to the anode and the cathode enzyme to the cathode. The fuel cell can be very small in size because it does not require a membrane, seal, or case. The fuel cell can be used in connection with a biological system, such as a human, as it may operate at physiological conditions. By virtue of its size and operability at physiological conditions, the fuel cell is of particular interest for applications calling for a power source implanted in a human body, such as a variety of medical applications.

    摘要翻译： 燃料电池设有阳极和阴极。 阳极与阳极酶电连通，阴极与阴极酶电连通。 阳极酶优选为氧化酶或脱氢酶。 阴极酶是含铜酶，例如漆酶，抗坏血酸氧化酶，血清白蛋白或胆红素氧化酶。 优选地，阴极酶在生理条件下是可操作的。 氧化还原聚合物用于将阳极酶连接到阳极，阴极酶连接到阴极。 燃料电池的尺寸可以非常小，因为它不需要膜，密封件或外壳。 燃料电池可以与诸如人类的生物系统结合使用，因为其可以在生理条件下操作。 由于其在生理条件下的尺寸和可操作性，燃料电池对于要求植入人体的电源（例如各种医疗应用）的应用是特别有意义的。

    MINIATURE BIOLOGICAL FUEL CELL THAT IS OPERATIONAL UNDER PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS, AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES AND METHODS
    2.
    发明申请
    MINIATURE BIOLOGICAL FUEL CELL THAT IS OPERATIONAL UNDER PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS, AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES AND METHODS 有权
    微生物生物燃料电池在生理条件下运行，相关设备和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20080044721A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-02-21

    申请号：US10427113

    申请日：2003-05-01

    申请人： Adam Heller ,  Nicholas Mano ,  Hyug-Han Kim ,  Yongchao Zhang ,  Fei Mao ,  Ting Chen ,  Scott Calabrese Barton

    发明人： Adam Heller ,  Nicholas Mano ,  Hyug-Han Kim ,  Yongchao Zhang ,  Fei Mao ,  Ting Chen ,  Scott Calabrese Barton

    IPC分类号： H01M4/90 ,  C12Q1/00

    CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  C12Q1/26 ,  C12Q1/32 ,  G01N33/723 ,  Y02E60/527

    摘要： A fuel cell is provided with an anode and a cathode. The anode is in electrical communication with an anode enzyme and the cathode is in electrical communication with a cathode enzyme. The anode enzyme is preferably an oxidase or a dehydrogenase. The cathode enzyme is a copper-containing enzyme, such as a laccase, an ascorbate oxidase, a ceruloplasmine, or a bilirubin oxidase. Preferably, the cathode enzyme is operable under physiological conditions. Redox polymers serve to wire the anode enzyme to the anode and the cathode enzyme to the cathode. The fuel cell can be very small in size because it does not require a membrane, seal, or case. The fuel cell can be used in connection with a biological system, such as a human, as it may operate at physiological conditions. By virtue of its size and operability at physiological conditions, the fuel cell is of particular interest for applications calling for a power source implanted in a human body, such as a variety of medical applications.

    摘要翻译： 燃料电池设有阳极和阴极。 阳极与阳极酶电连通，阴极与阴极酶电连通。 阳极酶优选为氧化酶或脱氢酶。 阴极酶是含铜酶，例如漆酶，抗坏血酸氧化酶，血清白蛋白或胆红素氧化酶。 优选地，阴极酶在生理条件下是可操作的。 氧化还原聚合物用于将阳极酶连接到阳极，阴极酶连接到阴极。 燃料电池的尺寸可以非常小，因为它不需要膜，密封件或外壳。 燃料电池可以与诸如人类的生物系统结合使用，因为其可以在生理条件下操作。 由于其在生理条件下的尺寸和可操作性，燃料电池对于要求植入人体的电源（例如各种医疗应用）的应用是特别有意义的。

    Miniature biological fuel cell that is operational under physiological conditions, and associated devices and methods
    3.
    发明授权
    Miniature biological fuel cell that is operational under physiological conditions, and associated devices and methods 有权
    在生理条件下操作的微型生物燃料电池，以及相关的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US08759055B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-06-24

    申请号：US12020459

    申请日：2008-01-25

    申请人： Adam Heller ,  Nicholas Mano ,  Hyug-Han Kim ,  Yongchao Zhang ,  Fei Mao ,  Ting Chen ,  Scott C. Barton

    发明人： Adam Heller ,  Nicholas Mano ,  Hyug-Han Kim ,  Yongchao Zhang ,  Fei Mao ,  Ting Chen ,  Scott C. Barton

    IPC分类号： C12N11/18 ,  C12Q1/26 ,  C12Q1/32 ,  G01N33/72 ,  H01M8/16

    CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  C12Q1/26 ,  C12Q1/32 ,  G01N33/723 ,  Y02E60/527

    摘要： A fuel cell is provided with an anode and a cathode. The anode is in electrical communication with an anode enzyme and the cathode is in electrical communication with a cathode enzyme. The anode enzyme is preferably an oxidase or a dehydrogenase. The cathode enzyme is a copper-containing enzyme, such as a lacasse, an ascorbate oxidase, a ceruloplasmine, or a bilirubin oxidase. Preferably, the cathode enzyme is operable under physiological conditions. Redox polymers serve to wire the anode enzyme to the anode and the cathode enzyme to the cathode. The fuel cell can be very small in size because it does not require a membrane, seal, or case. The fuel cell can be used in connection with a biological system, such as a human, as it may operate at physiological conditions. By virtue of its size and operability at physiological conditions, the fuel cell is of particular interest for applications calling for a power source implanted in a human body, such as a variety of medical applications.

    摘要翻译： 燃料电池设有阳极和阴极。 阳极与阳极酶电连通，阴极与阴极酶电连通。 阳极酶优选为氧化酶或脱氢酶。 阴极酶是含铜酶，例如lacasse，抗坏血酸氧化酶，血清白蛋白或胆红素氧化酶。 优选地，阴极酶在生理条件下是可操作的。 氧化还原聚合物用于将阳极酶连接到阳极，阴极酶连接到阴极。 燃料电池的尺寸可以非常小，因为它不需要膜，密封件或外壳。 燃料电池可以与诸如人类的生物系统结合使用，因为其可以在生理条件下操作。 由于其在生理条件下的尺寸和可操作性，燃料电池对于要求植入人体的电源（例如各种医疗应用）的应用是特别有意义的。

    Redox polymers for use in analyte monitoring
    6.
    发明授权
    Redox polymers for use in analyte monitoring 有权
    用于分析物监测的氧化还原聚合物

    公开(公告)号：US08444834B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-05-21

    申请号：US12051835

    申请日：2008-03-19

    申请人： Zenghe Liu ,  Benjamin J. Feldman ,  Fei Mao ,  Adam Heller

    发明人： Zenghe Liu ,  Benjamin J. Feldman ,  Fei Mao ,  Adam Heller

    IPC分类号： G01N27/327 ,  C07F15/00

    CPC分类号： C07F15/0026 ,  C12Q1/002 ,  C12Q1/004

    摘要： Polymers for use as redox mediators in electrochemical biosensors are described. The transition metal complexes attached to polymeric backbones can be used as redox mediators in enzyme based electrochemical sensors. In such instances, transition metal complexes accept electrons from, or transfer electrons to, enzymes at a high rate and also exchange electrons rapidly with the sensor. The transition metal complexes include at least one substituted or unsubstituted biimidazole ligand and may further include a second substituted or unsubstituted biimidazole ligand or a substituted or unsubstituted bipyridine or pyridylimidazole ligand.

    摘要翻译： 描述了用作电化学生物传感器中的氧化还原介体的聚合物。 连接到聚合物主链上的过渡金属络合物可用作酶基电化学传感器中的氧化还原介体。 在这种情况下，过渡金属配合物以高速率接受电子或将电子转移到酶，并且还与传感器快速交换电子。 过渡金属络合物包括至少一个取代或未取代的双咪唑配体，并且还可以包括第二取代或未取代的双咪唑配体或取代或未取代的联吡啶或吡啶基咪唑配体。

    REDOX POLYMERS FOR USE IN ANALYTE MONITORING
    9.
    发明申请
    REDOX POLYMERS FOR USE IN ANALYTE MONITORING 有权
    用于分析监测的REDOX聚合物

    公开(公告)号：US20120132525A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-05-31

    申请号：US12051835

    申请日：2008-03-19

    申请人： Zenghe Liu ,  Benjamin J. Feldman ,  Fei Mao ,  Adam Heller

    发明人： Zenghe Liu ,  Benjamin J. Feldman ,  Fei Mao ,  Adam Heller

    IPC分类号： G01N33/50 ,  C08F126/06

    CPC分类号： C07F15/0026 ,  C12Q1/002 ,  C12Q1/004

    摘要： Polymers for use as redox mediators in electrochemical biosensors are described. The transition metal complexes attached to polymeric backbones can be used as redox mediators in enzyme based electrochemical sensors. In such instances, transition metal complexes accept electrons from, or transfer electrons to, enzymes at a high rate and also exchange electrons rapidly with the sensor. The transition metal complexes include at least one substituted or unsubstituted biimidazole ligand and may further include a second substituted or unsubstituted biimidazole ligand or a substituted or unsubstituted bipyridine or pyridylimidazole ligand.

    摘要翻译： 描述了用作电化学生物传感器中的氧化还原介体的聚合物。 连接到聚合物主链上的过渡金属络合物可用作酶基电化学传感器中的氧化还原介体。 在这种情况下，过渡金属配合物以高速率接受电子或将电子转移到酶，并且还与传感器快速交换电子。 过渡金属络合物包括至少一个取代或未取代的双咪唑配体，并且还可以包括第二取代或未取代的双咪唑配体或取代或未取代的联吡啶或吡啶基咪唑配体。