摘要:
The principal objects of the invention is to provide diamond fine particles with a surface nature so improved as to form a stable, uniform suspension or dispersion in a common medium such as water and alcohol. Another object is to provide an effective technique for producing hydrophilic diamond fine particles by chemically modifying the particle surface nature, while removing at the same time contaminants and foreign materials which coexist with the diamond. In the invention, diamond particles are treated by boiling in the treatment fluid of sulfuric acid solution, which is in particular of concentrated or fuming nature, at a temperature more than 200° C., which is preferably 250° C. or more.
摘要:
The present invention provides an electron emitting device for efficiently emitting electron beams by applying a forward bias to an MIS, pn, and a pin structure using a diamond layer so as to supply electrons from an electron supply layer to a p-type diamond layer. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for easily and efficiently performing important production processes for producing a highly efficient electron emitting device having a diamond layer and controlling a surface state of the diamond layer. A multi-layer structure including an electrode layer, an electron supply layer and a diamond layer is used as the structure thereof. Alternatively, the electron affinity state of the surface of the diamond layer is arbitrarily controlled by a method such as ultraviolet ray irradiation.
摘要:
Problem: To generate long plasma easily at low cost and to perform a plurality of film deposition methods using a single plasma generating device.Means for Solving the Problem A plasma generating device is provided with, in the vacuum inside thereof, a cylindrical electrode comprising an opening in a part thereof and generating plasma therein when gas is introduced thereinto and a direct-current negative voltage is applied thereto.
摘要:
A heavy oil emulsified fuel combustion furnace is provided which prevents lowering of combustion efficiency due to water content in the fuel as well as prevents elevation of sulfuric acid dew point due to water content in the flue gas of the combustion furnace. In the apparatus a heavy oil emulsified fuel (102) is heated by a heater (110) using a heat pipe etc. and then is separated by a water vaporizer (120) into heavy oil (122) and vapor (121) consisting of steam and a light oil combustible gas. The heavy oil (122) is supplied to a burner port of the combustion furnace, such as a boiler etc. The vapor (121) is condensed by a condenser (140) to produce liquid (141) comprising a mixture of water and light oil. The liquid (141) is separated by an oily water separator (150) into oil (151) and water (152). The oil (151) is used as a fuel for an igniting torch of the combustion furnace 10 and the water (152) is used partially as cooling water (41) for an SO.sub.X removal apparatus (40) and partially as an atomizing steam 9 or a soot blowing steam 8 in the boiler, etc.
摘要:
The present invention provides a cesium-lithium-borate crystal, which can be used as a high-performance wavelength converting crystal, having a chemical composition expressed as CsLiB6O10, and substituted cesium-lithium-borate crystals expressed by the following formula: Cs1−xLi1−yMx+yB6O10 or Cs2(1−z)Li2LzB12O20 (where, M is an alkali metal element, and L is an alkali earth metal element); a method for manufacturing same by heating and melting; and an optical apparatus using such crystals.
摘要:
A super-heavy oil emulsion fuel is formed by emulsification using 100 parts by weight of super-heavy oil, 30-80 parts by weight of water, 0.01-4 parts by weight of an anionic surface activating agent, and a nonionic surface activating agent having an HLB (hydrophilic lipophilic balance) of 9-19 at an anionic surface activating agent/nonionic surface activating agent weight ratio of 1/99-75/25. The super-heavy oil emulsion fuel can also comprise 100 parts by weight of super-heavy oil, 30-80 parts by weight of water, 0.05-4 parts by weight of a nonionic surface active agent having an HLB of 9-19 and, optionally, 0.005-4 parts by weight of an anionic surface active agent.
摘要:
A carbon film of the present invention has an elongated needle shape whose radius decreases toward a tip. The shape is, preferably, a shape in which a field concentration coefficient β in the Fowler-Nordheim equation is expressed by h/r where r denotes the radius in an arbitrary position and h denotes height from the arbitrary position to the tip.
摘要:
A carbon film of the present invention has an elongated needle shape whose radius decreases toward a tip. The shape is, preferably, a shape in which a field concentration coefficient β in the Fowler-Nordheim equation is expressed by h/r where r denotes the radius in an arbitrary position and h denotes height from the arbitrary position to the tip.
摘要:
A carbon film of the present invention has an elongated needle shape whose radius decreases toward a tip. The shape is, preferably, a shape in which a field concentration coefficient β in the Fowler-Nordheim equation is expressed by h/r where r denotes the radius in an arbitrary position and h denotes height from the arbitrary position to the tip.
摘要:
The present invention provides a cesium-lithium-borate crystal, which can be used as a high-performance wavelength converting crystal, having a chemical composition expressed as CsLiB6O10, and substituted cesium-lithium-borate crystals expressed by the following formula: Cs1-xLi1-yMx+yB6O10 or Cs2(1−z)Li2LzB12O20 (where, M is an alkali metal element, and L is an alkali earth metal element); a method for manufacturing same by heating and melting; and an optical apparatus using such crystals.
摘要翻译:本发明提供一种可用作具有以CsLiB6O10表示的化学组成的高性能波长转换晶体的铯 - 硼酸锂晶体和由下式表示的取代的铯 - 锂 - 硼酸盐晶体:<β -line-formula description =“In-line Formulas”end =“lead”?> Cs> Li Li Li Li Li x x x x x x x / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / β-in-line-formula description =“In-line Formulas”end =“tail”?> <?in-line-formula description =“在线公式”end =“lead”?>或<?in-line-formula description =“In-line Formulas”end =“tail”?> <?in-line-formula description =“In-line 2“(1-z)2”>“2”>“2”> - > sub> (式中,M为碱金属元素,L为碱土类金属元素)(式中,M为碱金属元素) ; 通过加热和熔融制造相同方法; 以及使用这种晶体的光学装置。