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    Methods for the elimination of cyanides in the dehalogenation of halofluorocarbons
    2.
    发明授权
    Methods for the elimination of cyanides in the dehalogenation of halofluorocarbons 失效
    在卤代氟化物脱卤中消除氰化物的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5602295A

    公开(公告)日：1997-02-11

    申请号：US435781

    申请日：1995-05-05

    申请人： Marc W. Abel ,  Robert W. Mouk ,  Alan F. Heyduk ,  Albert E. Abel

    发明人： Marc W. Abel ,  Robert W. Mouk ,  Alan F. Heyduk ,  Albert E. Abel

    IPC分类号： A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/34 ,  A62D3/35 ,  A62D3/36 ,  A62D101/22 ,  A62D101/26 ,  A62D101/45 ,  B01J19/00 ,  C07C17/23 ,  C07C17/395 ,  C09K5/04

    CPC分类号： A62D3/34 ,  A62D3/35 ,  A62D3/36 ,  C07C17/23 ,  C07C17/395 ,  C09K5/044 ,  A62D2101/22 ,  A62D2101/45 ,  A62D2203/02

    摘要： Ozone depleting fluorocarbon compounds are dehalogenated through more economic reduction reaction with solvated electrons formed from lower equivalents of reactive metals than previously used by reacting the partial reduction products with nitrogen-containing bases, such as ammonia, or alternatively, without any reactive metal by reacting with the base alone. Mixtures of fluorocarbon refrigerants including difficult to separate azeotropes of dichlorodifluoromethane contaminated with chlorodifluoromethane are reclaimed by treating only with weak non-aqueous nitrogen-containing bases to provide essentially chemically pure dichlorodifluoromethane refrigerant suitable for recycling/reuse. Hazardous cyanides which may develop are converted to relatively benign products during the process by introducing a base to convert volatile cyanides to more stable salts which in turn are converted to useful compounds of lesser toxicity.

    摘要翻译： 消耗臭氧的碳氟化合物通过更经济的还原反应被脱卤反应，其中由与反应性较低的当量的反应性金属形成的溶剂化电子比先前通过使部分还原产物与含氮碱如氨反应，或者通过与 单独的基地。 包含难以分离被二氯二氟甲烷被氯二氟甲烷污染的共沸物的碳氟化合物制冷剂的混合物仅通过用弱的非水性含氮碱处理才能回收，以提供基本上化学纯的二氯二氟甲烷制冷剂，适用于再循环/再利用。 通过引入碱将挥发性氰化物转化为更稳定的盐而将可能发展的有害氰化物转化为相对良性的产物，其转化为较低毒性的有用化合物。

    Methods of decontaminating substates with in-situ generated cyanides
    3.
    发明授权
    Methods of decontaminating substates with in-situ generated cyanides 失效
    用原位生成的氰化物去除氮化物的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5678231A

    公开(公告)日：1997-10-14

    申请号：US677096

    申请日：1996-07-09

    申请人： Robert W. Mouk ,  Alan F. Heyduk ,  Albert E. Abel

    发明人： Robert W. Mouk ,  Alan F. Heyduk ,  Albert E. Abel

    IPC分类号： A62D3/34 ,  A62D3/36 ,  A62D101/22 ,  A62D101/24 ,  A62D101/26 ,  A62D101/28 ,  A62D101/43 ,  B09C1/00 ,  B09C1/02 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C22B7/00 ,  C22B60/02 ,  G21F9/12 ,  G21F9/28 ,  G21F9/30 ,  G21F9/00

    CPC分类号： C22B60/0247 ,  B09C1/02 ,  C22B17/04 ,  C22B7/008 ,  G21F9/30 ,  Y02P10/122 ,  Y02P10/234

    摘要： Solid and liquid substrates, such as soil and solvents having radioactive metals or hazardous non-radioactive metals are decontaminated with the aid of cyanide ion generated in-situ to form co-ordination compounds with the unwanted metal contaminants. Cyanides are prepared by introducing into an ammoniacal liquid-containing slurry of a contaminated soil, or other solid or liquid substrate, a refrigerant compound, such as a hydrochlorofluorocarbon which produces ammonium cyanide, which in-turn forms a complex with the hazardous metal contaminant for separation with the ammoniacal liquid. The process may also utilize solvated electrons to at least partially dehalogenate a perhalogenated refrigerant like diclorodifluoromethane (R-12). Process avoids exposure to potentially hazardous cyanides through in-situ generation, while simultaneously destroying unwanted refrigerants which are potentially harmful to Earth's ozone layer.

    摘要翻译： 具有放射性金属或有害的非放射性金属的固体和液体基底，例如土壤和具有放射性金属或溶剂的溶剂借助于原位产生的氰化物离子来净化，以形成与不需要的金属污染物的配位化合物。 通过将氰化物引入含有污染的土壤或其它固体或液体基质的含氨液体的浆液中，制备化合物，例如产生氰化铵的氢氯氟烃，这反过来又与有害金属污染物形成复合物，用于 与氨液分离。 该方法还可以使用溶剂化电子至少部分使全卤代制冷剂脱卤，如二氯二氟甲烷（R-1​​2）。 工艺避免通过原位生成暴露于潜在危险的氰化物，同时破坏对地球臭氧层有潜在危害的不需要的制冷剂。

    Methods of decontaminating soils containing hazardous metals
    4.
    发明授权
    Methods of decontaminating soils containing hazardous metals 失效
    去除含有有害金属的土壤的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5613238A

    公开(公告)日：1997-03-18

    申请号：US507126

    申请日：1995-08-23

    申请人： Robert W. Mouk ,  Alan F. Heyduk ,  Albert E. Abel

    发明人： Robert W. Mouk ,  Alan F. Heyduk ,  Albert E. Abel

    IPC分类号： A62D3/34 ,  A62D3/36 ,  A62D101/22 ,  A62D101/24 ,  A62D101/26 ,  A62D101/28 ,  A62D101/43 ,  B09C1/00 ,  B09C1/02 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C22B7/00 ,  C22B43/00 ,  C22B60/02 ,  G21F9/00 ,  G21F9/08 ,  G21F9/12 ,  G21F9/28 ,  G21F9/30

    CPC分类号： C22B60/0247 ,  B09C1/02 ,  C22B17/04 ,  C22B43/00 ,  C22B7/008 ,  G21F9/002 ,  G21F9/30 ,  Y02P10/122 ,  Y02P10/126 ,  Y02P10/234

    摘要： Soil including sand and clays contaminated with nuclear waste materials and/or ions of hazardous non-radioactive metals or metalloids are decontaminated by treating with anhydrous liquid ammonia alone or in combination with solvated electrons. Methods include removing ions of hazardous metals or metalloids by mixing with ammoniacal solutions to provide an ammoniacal liquid-containing product with coordination complexes. Methods also comprise concentrating contaminants, such as plutonium, uranium and thorium, for example, in the fines of soil and clay to yield residual soil products which are sufficiently free of contaminants to allow reclamation. Economics are improved over aqueous systems since ammonia can be recovered and recycled. By concentrating nuclear and nonnuclear wastes in soil fines space requirements ordinarily needed for storage of untreated soil and handling costs can be significantly reduced.

    摘要翻译： 包括被核废料和/或有害非放射性金属或准金属离子污染的沙子和粘土的土壤通过用无水液氨单独或与溶剂化电子组合进行处理来净化。 方法包括通过与氨溶液混合来除去有害金属或准金属离子，以提供具有配位络合物的含氨基液体的产物。 方法还包括例如在土壤和粘土的细粉中浓缩污染物，例如钚，铀和钍，以产生足够没有污染物以允许回收的残留土壤产品。 由于氨可以回收和再循环，所以经济性比水系统得到改善。 通过将核废料和非核废物集中在土壤细粉中，通常需要通常需要储存未经处理的土壤和处理成本的空间要求。

    Methods for purifying refrigerant compositions
    5.
    发明授权
    Methods for purifying refrigerant compositions 失效
    纯化制冷剂组合物的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5497627A

    公开(公告)日：1996-03-12

    申请号：US361039

    申请日：1994-12-21

    申请人： Alan F. Heyduk ,  Robert W. Mouk ,  Albert E. Abel

    发明人： Alan F. Heyduk ,  Robert W. Mouk ,  Albert E. Abel

    IPC分类号： F25B45/00 ,  F25B47/00 ,  B01D12/00 ,  B01D43/00

    CPC分类号： F25B45/00

    摘要： Improved methods for purification and recovery of individual refrigerants from refrigerant mixtures without chemical destruction of the contaminating refrigerant. Aqueous solutions are employed in extraction methods by relying on differences in water solubilities and partition coefficients at ambient temperatures. All refrigerants can be recovered and the aqueous solutions reused to form a cyclic process. Methods include countercurrent extraction.

    摘要翻译： 改进了从制冷剂混合物中纯化和回收单个制冷剂而不会污染制冷剂的化学破坏的方法。 通过依赖于环境温度下的水溶性和分配系数的差异，在萃取方法中使用水溶液。 所有的制冷剂都可以回收，并且水溶液重新用于形成循环过程。 方法包括逆流提取。

    Methods for purifying and recovering contaminated refrigerants with solutions of bases in organic solvents
    6.
    发明授权
    Methods for purifying and recovering contaminated refrigerants with solutions of bases in organic solvents 失效
    用有机溶剂中碱溶液净化和回收污染的制冷剂的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5616821A

    公开(公告)日：1997-04-01

    申请号：US377631

    申请日：1995-01-30

    申请人： Robert W. Mouk ,  Albert E. Abel

    发明人： Robert W. Mouk ,  Albert E. Abel

    IPC分类号： C07B20060101 ,  C07C17/38 ,  C07C17/395 ,  C07C19/08 ,  C09K5/04

    CPC分类号： C07C17/395 ,  C09K5/044

    摘要： Refrigerants, such as Freon.RTM. 12 and other potential ozone depleting substances will be in short supply as their production is phased out, and until existing refrigeration equipment is retrofitted to receive more environmentally friendly refrigerants. Existing supplies of such refrigerants when contaminated with other refrigerants especially chlorofluorohydrocarbons like Freon 22 form azeotropes, which are not readily separated by conventional distillation methods, are selectively decomposed in-situ by reacting with bases such as metal hydroxides in aqueous solutions or compatible organic solvents. The remaining non-reacted refrigerant-containing composition is readily recycled by separation and recovery methods from the reaction mixture to provide a reusable refrigerant composition practically free of contaminating refrigerant.

    摘要翻译： 如Freon TM 12和其他潜在的臭氧消耗物质等制冷剂的生产将逐步淘汰，直到现有的制冷设备进行改造才能获得更环保的制冷剂。 当其他制冷剂，特别是氯氟氟化碳如氟利昂22形成共沸物时，这些制冷剂的现有供应物通过常规蒸馏方法不容易分离的共沸物通过与碱例如金属氢氧化物在水溶液或相容的有机溶剂中反应而被选择性地分解。 剩余的未反应的含有制冷剂的组合物通过分离和回收方法容易地从反应混合物中再循环，以提供几乎不含污染制冷剂的可重复使用的制冷剂组合物。

    Methods for purifying and recovering contaminated refrigerants with aqueous solutions of bases
    9.
    发明授权
    Methods for purifying and recovering contaminated refrigerants with aqueous solutions of bases 失效
    用碱水溶液净化和回收污染的制冷剂的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5698750A

    公开(公告)日：1997-12-16

    申请号：US550458

    申请日：1995-10-30

    申请人： Robert W. Mouk ,  Albert E. Abel

    发明人： Robert W. Mouk ,  Albert E. Abel

    IPC分类号： C07C17/395 ,  C09K5/04 ,  C07C17/38

    CPC分类号： C09K5/044 ,  C07C17/395

    摘要： Refrigerants, such as Freon.RTM. 12 and other potential ozone depleting substances will be in short supply as their production is phased out, and until existing refrigeration equipment is retrofitted to receive more environmentally friendly refrigerants. Existing supplies of such refrigerants when contaminated with other refrigerants especially hydrofluoroalkanes like Freon 22 can form azeotropes, which are not readily separated by conventional distillation methods, are selectively decomposed in-situ by reacting with aqueous solutions of metal hydroxides or other bases. The remaining non-reacted refrigerant-containing composition is readily recycled by separation and recovery methods from the reaction mixture to provide a reusable refrigerant composition virtually free of contaminating refrigerant.

    摘要翻译： 如Freon TM 12和其他潜在的臭氧消耗物质等制冷剂的生产将逐步淘汰，直到现有的制冷设备进行改造才能获得更环保的制冷剂。 当其他制冷剂，特别是像氟利昂22这样的氢氟烷烃被污染时，这种制冷剂的现有供应可以形成通过常规蒸馏方法不容易分离的共沸物，通过与金属氢氧化物或其它碱的水溶液反应而被选择性分解。 剩余的未反应的含有制冷剂的组合物通过分离和回收方法容易地从反应混合物中再循环，以提供几乎不含污染制冷剂的可重复使用的制冷剂组合物。

    Silazane and/or polysilazane compounds and methods of making
    10.
    发明授权
    Silazane and/or polysilazane compounds and methods of making 有权
    硅氮烷和/或聚硅氮烷化合物及其制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US06329487B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-12-11

    申请号：US09439871

    申请日：1999-11-12

    申请人： Albert E. Abel ,  Tracy A. Kruger ,  Robert W. Mouk ,  Gary J. Knasiak

    发明人： Albert E. Abel ,  Tracy A. Kruger ,  Robert W. Mouk ,  Gary J. Knasiak

    IPC分类号： C08E7708

    CPC分类号： C08G77/62 ,  C07F7/21

    摘要： This invention is directed to novel ammonolysis products including novel silazanes and polysilazanes characterized by repeating units of silicon-nitrogen in a polymeric compound having a reduced amount of Si—H bonds relative to the amount of Si—H bonds in the starting compound. Preparation of these novel ammonolysis products comprises introducing a starting compound containing at least one Si—H bond, such as a halosilane into a stoichiometric excess of anhydrous liquid ammonia wherein an ammonium halide is generated acting as an acid catalyst to provide an ionic and/or acidic environment for preparing the novel ammonolysis compounds. The prepared novel ammonolysis products are retained in a separate liquid-phase layer and distinct from the anhydrous liquid ammonia containing the ionized ammonium halide. Also provided are methods to purify ammonolysis products and to modify ammonolysis products by controllably increasing viscosity from a liquid to a solid and viscosities there between.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及新型氨解产物，其包括新型硅氮烷和聚硅氮烷，其特征在于相对于起始化合物中的Si-H键的量，具有减少量的Si-H键的聚合物中的硅 - 氮重复单元。 这些新的氨解产物的制备包括将含有至少一个Si-H键的起始化合物如卤代硅烷引入化学计量过量的无水液氨中，其中产生卤化铵作为酸催化剂以提供离子和/或 用于制备新型氨解化合物的酸性环境。 所制备的新型氨解产物保留在单独的液相层中，与含有电离卤化铵的无水液氨不同。 还提供了通过可控地增加从液体到固体的粘度和其间的粘度来纯化氨解产物和改变氨解产物的方法。