摘要:
Disclosed herein is a multifunctional catalyst system comprising a substrate; and a catalyst pair disposed upon the substrate; wherein the catalyst pair comprises a first catalyst and a second catalyst; and wherein the first catalyst initiates or facilitates the reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide while the second catalyst initiates or facilitates the conversion of carbon monoxide to an organic compound. Disclosed herein is a method comprising reducing carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide in a first reaction catalyzed by a first catalyst; and reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen in a second reaction catalyzed by second catalyst; wherein the first catalyst and the second catalyst are disposed upon a single substrate.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a multifunctional catalyst system comprising a substrate; and a catalyst pair disposed upon the substrate; wherein the catalyst pair comprises a first catalyst and a second catalyst; and wherein an average particle or domain spacing between particles or domains comprising the first catalyst or the second catalyst is about 10 to about 1,000 nanometers. Disclosed herein too is a process comprising selectively functionalizing a substrate to form a functionalized substrate; reacting a first catalyst to a first region of the functionalized substrate; and reacting a second catalyst to a second region of the functionalized substrate; wherein an average particle or domain spacing between particles or domains comprising the first catalyst or the second catalyst is about 10 to about 1,000 nanometers.
摘要:
A porous structure and method of making the porous structure is disclosed. The porous structure includes a substrate comprising at least one pore having an internal surface. At least a first portion of the internal surface of the at least one pore has a first fluid contact angle and at least second portion of the internal surface of the at least one pore has a second fluid contact angle. The difference between the first fluid contact angle and the second fluid contact angle has an absolute value of at least about 5 degrees and the second fluid contact angle is greater than about 40 degrees.
摘要:
The present invention is directed toward methods of making hierarchically-ordered complex structures and composites thereof. Such structures are generally ordered on multiple length scales. Typically, at least one length scale comprises mesoscale dimensionality. Such methods generally utilize an organized, directionally-oriented combination of multiple fields to fabricate such structures and articles of manufacture made by the above-described methods, and in applications using such articles manufactured by the above-described process. The present invention is also directed toward novel composites, structures, and articles of manufacture made by the above-described processes. In some embodiments, such structures are composites of two or more such hierarchically-ordered complex substructures. In additional or other embodiments, such hierarchically-ordered complex substructures are combined, or integrated into, other structures that would not be considered hierarchically-ordered complex structures taken separately.
摘要:
A membrane structure is provided. The membrane structure includes a first layer having a plurality of interconnected pores; and a second layer disposed on the first layer. The second layer has a plurality of unconnected pores. Each of the unconnected pores is in fluid communication with at least one of the interconnected pores of the first layer. A method of making a membrane structure is provided. The method includes the steps of providing a first layer having a plurality of interconnected pores; and disposing a second layer on the first layer. Disposing a second layer includes depositing a conducting layer on the first layer; and anodizing the conducting layer to convert the conducting layer into a porous layer.
摘要:
In some embodiments, the present invention is directed to methods of making structures with complex functional architectures, where such structures generally comprise at least two mesoporous regions comprising different chemical activity, and where such methods afford spatial control over the placement of such regions of differing chemical activity. In some embodiments, the present invention is also directed to the structures formed by such methods, where such structures are themselves novel.
摘要:
A ceramic structure having a scaffold with at least one opening and at least one porous filler material at least partially filling the at least one opening is described. The porous ceramic filler includes a plurality of pores. The pores have an average size in a range from about 2 nm to about 100 nm. The plurality of pores includes at least one pore architecture. For each pore architecture, the average pore size does not vary by more than about 100% when the average pore size is in a range from about 2 nm to about 50 nm, and the average pore size does not vary by more than about 50% when the average pore size is greater than about 50 nm. The plurality of pores includes at least two pore architectures when the porous filler material is silica. Also described is a method of making the ceramic structure.
摘要:
An article comprises a textured surface disposed on a substrate. The surface has an effective liquid wettability sufficient to generate, with a reference liquid, a contact angle in a range from about 120° to about 180°. The surface comprises a material having a nominal liquid wettability sufficient to generate, with the reference liquid, a nominal contact angle in a range from about 60° to about 90°, the material comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of a polymer and a ceramic. The properties of the surface may include low-drag or low-friction, self-cleaning capability, and resistance to icing, fouling, and fogging, and the like. Methods of making such a surface are also described.
摘要:
A membrane structure is provided. A membrane structure has a top surface and a bottom surface. The membrane structure includes a plurality of sintered layers including an inner layer disposed between two outer layers. The membrane structure further includes a nonmonotonic gradient in pore size extending between the top surface and the bottom surface. A method of making a membrane structure is provided. The method includes the steps of providing at least one inner layer; providing a plurality of outer layers; and laminating the inner layer and the outer layers to obtain a membrane structure.
摘要:
A porous membrane for separation of carbon dioxide from a fluid stream at a temperature higher than about 200° C. with selectivity higher than Knudsen diffusion selectivity. The porous membrane comprises a porous support layer comprising alumina, silica, zirconia or stabilized zirconia; a porous separation layer comprising alumina, silica, zirconia or stabilized zirconia, and a functional layer comprising a ceramic oxide contactable with the fluid stream to preferentially transport carbon dioxide. In particular, the functional layer may be MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, La2O3, CeO2, ATiO3, AZrO3, AAl2O4, A1FeO3, A1MnO3, A1CoO3, A1NiO3, A2HfO3, A3CeO3, Li2ZrO3, Li2SiO3, Li2TiO3 or a mixture thereof; wherein A is Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba; A1 is La, Ca, Sr or Ba; A2 is Ca, Sr or Ba; and A3 is Sr or Ba.