摘要:
A solar cell unit comprising a solar cell and an at least partially transparent casing that encases the solar cell. The solar cell includes a nonplanar substrate defining a length of the solar cell, wherein a length of the nonplanar substrate is at least three times longer than a width of the nonplanar substrate. A back-electrode is disposed around all or a portion of the nonplanar substrate, and extends along all or a portion of the length of the nonplanar substrate. A semiconductor junction is disposed on the back-electrode, and has first and second layers, each of which has an inorganic semiconductor. An at least partially transparent conductive layer is disposed on the semiconductor junction. Optionally, filler material is disposed on the transparent conductive layer, which can for example be a liquid or gel.
摘要:
A rapid thermal heating apparatus including a plurality of radiant energy sources and reflectors associated with the radiant energy sources. The radiant energy sources and reflectors direct radiation through a window of an envacuable chamber to radiate regions of a substrate in the chamber with a pattern of radiation intensity.
摘要:
A rapid thermal heating apparatus in which lamps are disposed in a plurality of light pipes arranged to illuminate and supply heat to a substrate. The light pipes are positioned so that the illumination patterns overlap. The energy supplied to the lamps is controlled to provide a predetermined heating pattern to the substrate. A liquid cooled window cooperates with the light pipes to transmit energy to a wafer disposed in an evacuated chamber.
摘要:
A method for converting solar energy to electricity is provided using solid-liquid interface photoelectrochemical cells wherein the liquid phase comprises a nonaqueous solvent, an electrolyte dissolved therein forming an ionically conductive solution and a redox couple suitable to accept and donate electrons from and to the electrodes. The redox couple is present in an amount sufficient to sustain a predetermined current and the concentrations of the electrolyte and redox couple in the solution are sufficient to provide no greater than a selected small voltage drop relative to the output voltage of the cell. The efficiency of conversion of light to electrical energy of such photoelectrochemical cells is 10% and greater.
摘要:
A method of forming an oxide on a substrate. According to the method of the present invention a substrate is placed in a chamber. An oxygen containing gas and a hydrogen containing gas are then fed into the chamber. The oxygen containing gas and the hydrogen containing gas are then caused to react with one another to form water vapor in the chamber. The water vapor then oxidizes the substrate.
摘要:
A rapid thermal heating apparatus including an evacuable chamber having a window, a plurality of radiant energy sources and reflectors associated with the radiant energy sources. The radiant energy sources are disposed outside of the chamber and positioned adjacent to the window. They have a central longitudinal axis that extends in a substantially perpendicular direction relative to the window. The reflectors direct radiant energy through the window to radiate predetermined regions of a backside surface of a substrate in the chamber. The reflectors extend along a major portion of the longitudinal axis of the radiant energy sources. The substrate sits on a support in the chamber, and a source of processing gas, including a gas inlet manifold, is provided for passing processing gas to a frontside surface of the substrate.
摘要:
A rapid thermal heating apparatus in which lamps are disposed in a plurality of light pipes arranged to illuminate and supply heat to a substrate. The light pipes are positioned so that the illumination patterns overlap. The energy supplied to the lamps is controlled to provide a predetermined heating pattern to the substrate. A liquid cooled window cooperates with the light pipes to transmit energy to a wafer disposed in an evacuated chamber.
摘要:
A method of forming an oxide on a substrate. According to the method of the present invention a substrate is placed in a chamber. An oxygen containing gas and a hydrogen containing gas are then fed into the chamber. The oxygen containing gas and the hydrogen containing gas are then caused to react with one another to form water vapor in the chamber. The water vapor then oxidizes the substrate.
摘要:
A rapid thermal heating apparatus in which lamps are disposed in a plurality of light pipes arranged to illuminate and supply heat to a substrate. The light pipes are positioned so that the illumination patterns overlap. The energy supplied to the lamps is controlled to provide a predetermined heating pattern to the substrate. A liquid cooled window cooperates with the light pipes to transmit energy to a wafer disposed in an evacuated chamber.
摘要:
A rapid thermal heating apparatus in which lamps are disposed in a plurality of light pipes arranged to illuminate and supply heat to a substrate. The light pipes are positioned so that the illumination patterns overlap. The energy supplied to the lamps is controlled to provide a predetermined heating pattern to the substrate. A liquid cooled window cooperates with the light pipes to transmit energy to a wafer disposed in an evacuated chamber.