摘要:
A catalyst which is active and selective for the reduction of nitrogen oxides to molecular nitrogen by reducing agents in a medium which is superstoichiometric in oxidizing agents such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrocarbons, alcohols and other oxygen-containing organic compounds. The active phase of this catalyst is as follows: at least one inorganic refractory oxide; at least one rare earth element (A); at least one alkaline-earth element (B); at least one platinum group metal (C); and at least one silver or gold metal (D). Impregnation of (C) is advantageously followed by heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere.
摘要:
A catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine comprises a support including a porous layer which latter includes at least one inorganic refractory oxide and an active phase containing at least cerium, iron and platinum, characterized in that said porous layer comprises at least the following percentages by weight0.3% to 4.4% of cerium;0.1% to 3.5% of iron; and0.0003% to 0.04% of platinum; andthe complement to 100% being constituted by at least one inorganic refractory oxide.The catalyst can be used in the treatment of exhaust gases from compression ignition engines, in particular from commercial vehicles with an unladen weight of 3.5 metric tons or more.
摘要:
The invention concerns a multifunctional catalyst containing cerium, uranium and at least one metal, for converting pollutants emitted by internal combustion engines, and their preparation.A catalyst comprises a porous layer containingfrom about 20% to about 99% of at least one refractory oxidefrom about 0.8% to about 70% of at least one cerium oxidefrom about 0.1% to about 50% of at least one uranium oxidefrom about 0.1% to about 20% of a metal selected from the group made up of Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru, Ir and Au, and mixtures thereof.Applications are in the catalytic converter industry.
摘要:
A method for preparing multi-metal catalysts including an active phase consisting of at least two metals, A and B, which are selected from groups VIII and IB of the periodic table, and a porous support. According to the method: firstly, at least a part of the porous support is impregnated with at least one precursor of metal A; secondly, activation is performed in a neutral or oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature of 120.degree.-800.degree. C. whereafter a treatment is carried out in a reduction medium at a temperature of 0.degree.-800.degree. C.; thirdly, at least a part of the support which was previously impregnated with the precursor of metal A is impregnated with at least one precursor of metal B; and fourthly, activation is performed in a neutral or oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature of 120.degree.-800.degree. C. The catalysts thereby obtained have improved stability, particularly when subjected to high temperatures, such as when they are used as post-combustion catalysts for exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, in which case metal A is platinum or palladium and metal B is platinum, palladium or rhodium, with the proviso that B is not the same as A.
摘要:
Described is catalyst that is active and selective for reducing to molecular nitrous oxides contained in a superstoichiometric medium of oxidizing agents, said reduction being conducted with agents such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, and other oxidized organic compounds and also with ordinary fuels such as gasolines, gas oils, liquefied gases, and compressed natural gases, whereby said catalyst comprises: at least one refractory inorganic oxide, including alumina; at least one element (A) that belongs to the group of rare earths; at least one element (B) that belongs to groups VIB, VIIB, VIII and IB of transition metals; at least one metal (C) that belongs to the group of precious metals of the platinum family, and optionally at least one element (D) that belongs to group IIA of alkaline-earths; at least a portion of elements (A) is combined with alumina to form at the surface of the latter a microlayer of rare-earth aluminate.
摘要:
A production process for supported catalysts is described comprising: (a) preparing a coating suspension containing at least one refractory inorganic oxide and at least some of the elements intended to constitute catalytically active phase (A); (b) filling at least part of the open porosity of a support with this suspension; (c) drying the filled support by centrifuging; (d) a thermal treatment of the support to obtain a support coated by a wash coat; (e) optionally impregnating the coated support with a solution containing the rest of, or elements of, catalytically active phase (A); and (f) thermally activating the catalyst. This preparation process is of particular interest in the production of catalysts for treating exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, where the wash coat deposited on a support comprises in particular a refractory inorganic oxide, iron oxide and cerium oxide and, by way of a catalytically active element, at least one noble metal such as platinum, rhodium or palladium.
摘要:
The invention involves the production of a catalyst that contains (1) at least one refractory inorganic oxide support, (2) at least one iron oxide, and (3) at least one cerium oxide, (4) at least one metal A, for example, from Groups VIB, VIIB, VIII, and IB of the Periodic System and, optionally (5) at least one compound of metal B, for example, from Groups IA, IIA, the rare-earths group, and Group IVB of the Periodic System, deposited in the form of a porous layer ("washcoat") on a ceramic or metal substrate:(a) atomizing an aqueous suspension of at least one powder of the refractory inorganic oxide, cerium salt, iron salt, and optionally salt of the metal B; and/or A(b) resuspending the resultant powder and adding any remainder or all of the compound of metal B, as well as, optionally at least one bonding agent and, optionally at least one mineral acid or organic acid;(c) coating a ceramic or metal substrate is coated with the suspension obtained in step (b);(d) calcining the resultant coated substrate;(e) impregnating the resultant coated and calcined substrate with any remainder or all of the precursor of metal A; and(f) thermally activating said coated, calcined, and impregnated substrate coming from step (e).
摘要:
A multifunctional catalyst, a method of preparing the catalyst and the use of the catalyst in treating exhaust fumes from internal combustion engines are described. The catalyst includes a porous layer containing (weight %, dry):about 50 to about 99.7% of at least one refractory inorganic oxide,about 0.1 to about 25% of at least one uranium oxide,about 0.1 to about 35% of at least one oxide of at least one metal P selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, gadolinium, and yttrium andabout 0.1 to 20% of a metal A selected from the group consisting of platinum, rhodium, palladium, ruthenium, iridium, and mixtures thereof.
摘要:
The invention concerns copolymers of propylene and but-1-ene in which the proportion of units derived from but-1-ene is from 10 to 40% by weight and the proportion of isolated ethyl branches which they contain is at least equal to the square of the proportion [P] of units derived from propylene contained in said copolymers. The copolymers of the invention can be used for the production of heat-sealable films.
摘要:
Manufacture of catalysts containing at least three essential metals consisting of copper, zinc and aluminum.The process for manufacturing the catalyst comprises the formation of homogeneous amorphous precipitate of the above-mentioned metals, followed with a washing in two steps, first with water, then with an acid solution.These catalysts are used in balanced reactions involving alcohols and synthesis gas, particularly in methanol synthesis.