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公开(公告)号：US08549908B2
公开(公告)日：2013-10-08
申请号：US12817211
申请日：2010-06-17
CPC分类号： G01F1/6842
摘要： A flow body flow meter includes a flow body and a sensor having one or more probes in the flow body. As a wet gas stream enters the flow body, an internal passage imparts angular momentum to the stream to induce a rotating flow. The wet gas stream at least intermittently carries liquid phase particles and the inertia of the denser liquid phase particles separates them from the rotating flow. The probes of the sensor are located in a part of the rotating flow that is free of any liquid phase particles. The internal passage may include an axial swirler and a cylindrical section downstream from the axial swirler. The axial swirler imparts the nonlinear motion to the stream, and tips of the probes are located near a center axis of the cylindrical section so they are free of any liquid phase particles.
摘要翻译： 流体流量计包括流体和在流体中具有一个或多个探针的传感器。 当湿气流进入流体时，内部通道向流引入角动量以引起旋转流。 湿气流至少间歇地携带液相颗粒，并且较稠密的液相颗粒的惯性将它们与旋转流分开。 传感器的探头位于没有任何液相颗粒的旋转流的一部分中。 内部通道可以包括轴向旋流器和在轴向旋流器下游的圆柱形部分。 轴向旋流器将非线性运动赋予流，并且探针的尖端位于圆柱形部分的中心轴附近，因此它们没有任何液相颗粒。
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公开(公告)号：US20130152698A1
公开(公告)日：2013-06-20
申请号：US13329275
申请日：2011-12-17
IPC分类号： G01F1/00
CPC分类号： G01F1/6842 , G01F5/00 , G01F15/08
摘要： A flow body flow meter includes a flow body, a heater, and a sensor. The flow body includes an inlet, an outlet, and an internal passage coupling the inlet and the outlet. The heater evaporates at least some liquid droplets in a stream received by the flow body. The sensor has one or more sensor probes in the flow body to measure a fluid property of the stream.
摘要翻译： 流体流量计包括流体，加热器和传感器。 流动体包括入口，出口和连接入口和出口的内部通道。 加热器在由流动体接收的流中蒸发至少一些液滴。 传感器在流体中具有一个或多个传感器探针以测量流的流体性质。
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公开(公告)号：US20110308311A1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-22
申请号：US12817211
申请日：2010-06-17
IPC分类号： G01P5/10
CPC分类号： G01F1/6842
摘要： A flow body flow meter includes a flow body and a sensor having one or more probes in the flow body. As a wet gas stream enters the flow body, an internal passage imparts angular momentum to the stream to induce a rotating flow. The wet gas stream at least intermittently carries liquid phase particles and the inertia of the denser liquid phase particles separates them from the rotating flow. The probes of the sensor are located in a part of the rotating flow that is free of any liquid phase particles. The internal passage may include an axial swirler and a cylindrical section downstream from the axial swirler. The axial swirler imparts the nonlinear motion to the stream, and tips of the probes are located near a center axis of the cylindrical section so they are free of any liquid phase particles.
摘要翻译： 流体流量计包括流体和在流体中具有一个或多个探针的传感器。 当湿气流进入流体时，内部通道向流引入角动量以引起旋转流。 湿气流至少间歇地携带液相颗粒，并且较稠密的液相颗粒的惯性将它们与旋转流分开。 传感器的探头位于没有任何液相颗粒的旋转流的一部分中。 内部通道可以包括轴向旋流器和在轴向旋流器下游的圆柱形部分。 轴向旋流器将非线性运动赋予流，并且探针的尖端位于圆柱形部分的中心轴附近，因此它们没有任何液相颗粒。
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公开(公告)号：US08607642B2
公开(公告)日：2013-12-17
申请号：US13329275
申请日：2011-12-17
IPC分类号： G01F1/00
CPC分类号： G01F1/6842 , G01F5/00 , G01F15/08
摘要： A flow body flow meter includes a flow body, a heater, and a sensor. The flow body includes an inlet, an outlet, and an internal passage coupling the inlet and the outlet. The heater evaporates at least some liquid droplets in a stream received by the flow body. The sensor has one or more sensor probes in the flow body to measure a fluid property of the stream.
摘要翻译： 流体流量计包括流体，加热器和传感器。 流动体包括入口，出口和连接入口和出口的内部通道。 加热器在由流动体接收的流中蒸发至少一些液滴。 传感器在流体中具有一个或多个传感器探针以测量流的流体性质。
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公开(公告)号：US07788906B2
公开(公告)日：2010-09-07
申请号：US11494305
申请日：2006-07-26
IPC分类号： F01N3/00
CPC分类号： F01N3/0871 , F01N3/0814 , F01N3/0842 , F01N9/00 , F01N13/009 , F01N2240/30 , F01N2560/025 , F01N2610/03 , F02D35/0023 , F02D41/0055 , F02D41/1454 , Y02T10/47
摘要： Described here are systems and methods for controlling IC engines. In one aspect, a method for controlling a fuel processor is provided, the method including i) determining a temperature of an exhaust flow to the fuel processor, the fuel processor including a fuel processor catalyst; ii) determining a concentration of O2 in the exhaust flow upstream of the fuel processor catalyst; iii) determining a rate of the exhaust flow; and iv) adjusting a fuel flow rate to the fuel processor based on i), ii), iii) and a heat capacity value associated with the fuel processor. In other aspects, a system comprising logic operable to control a fuel processor is provided.
摘要翻译： 这里描述了用于控制IC引擎的系统和方法。 一方面，提供了一种用于控制燃料处理器的方法，所述方法包括：i）确定到燃料处理器的排气温度，所述燃料处理器包括燃料处理器催化剂; ii）确定燃料处理催化剂上游排气流中的O 2浓度; iii）确定排气流量; 以及iv）基于i），ii），iii）和与所述燃料处理器相关联的热容值来调节到所述燃料处理器的燃料流量。 在其他方面，提供了一种包括可操作以控制燃料处理器的逻辑的系统。
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公开(公告)号：US5258349A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-02
申请号：US617973
申请日：1990-11-26
CPC分类号： F23C13/00 , B01J23/44 , B01J35/0006
摘要： This invention is a graded catalyst comprising palladium and also a partial combustion process in which the fuel is partially combusted using that catalyst. The catalyst utilizes a catalytic support structure suitable for high flow rates of combustible gas mixtures through it. The catalyst is situated on the support so that in the flowing gas stream a leading portion of the support has a higher combustion activity, such as by a higher concentration of catalytic metal, than has the trailing portion. The combination of graded catalyst and support provides a low "light off" temperature for the combustible gas (only a low preheat temperature is needed to cause the combustion reaction to begin) and yet does not cause "hot spots" to occur because of excess activity. The combustion gas produced by the catalytic process may be at a temperature below the adiabatic combustive temperature, may be used at that temperature, or fed to other combustion stages for further use in a gas turbine, furnace, boiler, or the like.
摘要翻译： 本发明是一种包含钯的分级催化剂，也是使用该催化剂将燃料部分燃烧的部分燃烧过程。 该催化剂使用适合于通过其的可燃气体混合物的高流速的催化支撑结构。 催化剂位于载体上，使得在流动的气流中，载体的引导部分具有比具有后部的更高的燃烧活性，例如通过较高浓度的催化金属。 分级催化剂和载体的组合为可燃气体提供低的“轻度关闭”温度（仅需要低预热温度才能使燃烧反应开始），并且不会由于过量的活性而引起“热点” 。 通过催化过程产生的燃烧气体可能处于低于绝热燃烧温度的温度，可以在该温度下使用，或者进料到其它燃烧阶段，以进一步用于燃气轮机，炉，锅炉等。
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7.发明授权Graded palladium-containing partial combustion catalyst and a process for using it 失效分级含钯部分燃烧催化剂及其使用方法
公开(公告)号：US5248251A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-28
申请号：US856462
申请日：1992-03-24
CPC分类号： F23C13/00 , B01J23/44 , B01J35/0006
摘要： This invention is a graded catalyst comprising palladium and also a partial combustion process in which the fuel is partially combusted using that catalyst. The catalyst utilizes a catalytic support structure suitable for high flow rates of combustible gas mixtures through it. The catalyst is situated on the support so that in the flowing gas stream a leading portion of the support has a higher combustion activity, such as by a higher concentration of catalytic metal, than has the trailing portion. The combination of graded catalyst and support provides a low "light off" temperature for the combustible gas (only a low preheat temperature is needed to cause the combustion reaction to begin) and yet does not cause "hot spots" to occur because of excess activity. The combustion gas produced by the catalytic process may be at a temperature below the adiabatic combustive temperature, may be used at that temperature, or fed to other combustion stages for further use in a gas turbine, furnace, boiler, or the like.
摘要翻译： 本发明是一种包含钯的分级催化剂，也是使用该催化剂将燃料部分燃烧的部分燃烧过程。 该催化剂使用适合于通过其的可燃气体混合物的高流速的催化支撑结构。 催化剂位于载体上，使得在流动的气流中，载体的引导部分具有比具有后部的更高的燃烧活性，例如通过较高浓度的催化金属。 分级催化剂和载体的组合为可燃气体提供低的“轻度关闭”温度（仅需要低预热温度才能使燃烧反应开始），并且不会由于过量活性而引起“热点” 。 通过催化过程产生的燃烧气体可能处于低于绝热燃烧温度的温度，可以在该温度下使用，或者进料到其它燃烧阶段，以进一步用于燃气轮机，炉，锅炉等。
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公开(公告)号：US5183401A
公开(公告)日：1993-02-02
申请号：US618301
申请日：1990-11-26
申请人： Ralph A. Dalla Betta , Nobuyasu Ezawa , Kazunori Tsurumi , James C. Schlatter , Sarento G. Nickolas
发明人： Ralph A. Dalla Betta , Nobuyasu Ezawa , Kazunori Tsurumi , James C. Schlatter , Sarento G. Nickolas
CPC分类号： F23C13/00 , F23C6/045 , F23C2900/13002
摘要： This invention is a comparatively high pressure combustion process having a two stages in which a fuel is stepwise combusted using specific catalysts and catalytic structures and, optionally, having a final homogeneous combustion zone. The choice of catalysts and the use of specific structures, including those employing integral heat exchange, results in an overall catalyst structure which is stable due to its comparatively low temperature. The product combustion gas is at a temperature suitable for use in a gas turbine, furnace, boiler, or the like, but has low NO.sub.x content.
摘要翻译： 本发明是具有两个阶段的比较高压的燃烧过程，其中使用特定催化剂和催化结构逐步燃烧燃料，并且任选地具有最终均匀的燃烧区。 催化剂的选择和特定结构的使用，包括采用整体热交换的结构，导致总体催化剂结构由于其相对较低的温度而稳定。 产品燃烧气体处于适用于燃气轮机，炉，锅炉等的温度，但NOx含量低。
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9.发明授权Electrically-heated combustion catalyst structure and method for start-up of a gas turbine using same 失效电加热燃烧催化剂结构及使用其的燃气轮机起动方法
公开(公告)号：US6109018A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-29
申请号：US688075
申请日：1996-07-26
CPC分类号： F23R3/40 , F01N3/2013 , F01N3/2026 , F01N3/281 , F02C7/26 , F23C13/00 , F23C13/02 , F01N2330/323 , F01N2610/03 , F05D2220/76 , F05D2260/85 , F23D2206/10 , Y02T10/26
摘要： This invention relates to an electrically-heated catalyst (EHC) and a start-up method of a gas turbine engine for combusting a hydrocarbonaceous fuel/oxygen-containing gas mixture using this electrically-heated catalyst. The catalytic structure is electrically heated to a predetermined temperature prior to start up of the turbine so as to reduce emissions during the start-up of the system. The EHC unit is a stacked or spirally wound layering of flat and corrugated thin metal foils which forms a plurality of axially-extending, longitudinal channels. The channels are preferably coated on one surface with a catalytic material, leaving the other surface free from the reaction to act as a heat sink, making the design an IHE (integral heat exchange) catalytic unit. The preferred embodiment of the EHC has electrodes outside of the fuel/oxygen-containing mixture stream, and uses electrical power having a predetermined voltage in the range of 100 to 200 volts to heat the unit. A method for using the EHC in the start-up of a gas turbine is also disclosed wherein an electrical power is applied to heat the EHC a predetermined temperature prior to the fuel/oxygen-containing mixture being introduced and may be left on for a certain period of time after the introduction of the fuel/oxygen-containing mixture. The EHC may be maintained at the desired predetermined temperature by modulating the applied voltage. The electrical power is terminated when any one of several conditions are met including when the heat of the catalytic reaction is sufficient to maintain the catalyst at its steady-state condition or when a certain period of time has elapsed.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及使用该电加热催化剂燃烧含烃燃料/含氧气体混合物的燃气涡轮发动机的电加热催化剂（EHC）和起动方法。 催化结构在涡轮启动之前被电加热至预定温度，以便在系统启动期间减少排放。 EHC单元是形成多个沿轴向延伸的纵向通道的平坦且波浪形的薄金属箔的层叠或螺旋卷绕的层。 通道优选在一个表面上用催化材料涂布，使另一个表面没有反应作为散热器，使得设计成为IHE（整体式热交换）催化单元。 EHC的优选实施例具有位于燃料/含氧混合物流之外的电极，并且使用具有在100至200伏特范围内的预定电压的电力来加热该单元。 还公开了在燃气轮机起动中使用EHC的方法，其中在引入燃料/含氧混合物之前施加电功率以将EHC加热到预定温度，并且可以保持一定的 在引入燃料/含氧混合物之后的时间段。 可以通过调制所施加的电压将EHC保持在所需的预定温度。 当满足几个条件中的任何一个时，电力终止，包括当催化反应的热量足以使催化剂保持在其稳定状态或当经过一定时间段时。
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10.发明授权Process and catalyst structure employing intergal heat exchange with optional downstream flameholder 失效使用与可选择的下游阻燃器进行间隔热交换的工艺和催化剂结构
公开(公告)号：US5518697A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-21
申请号：US378206
申请日：1995-01-25
申请人： Ralph A. Dalla Betta , David K. Yee , Scott A. Magno , Toru Shoji
发明人： Ralph A. Dalla Betta , David K. Yee , Scott A. Magno , Toru Shoji
IPC分类号： F01N3/10 , B01J23/40 , B01J35/04 , F01N3/28 , F23C6/04 , F23C9/00 , F23C13/00 , F23D11/40 , F23D14/18 , F23R3/40 , F23D3/40
CPC分类号： F23C13/00 , F01N3/28 , F01N3/281 , F01N3/2814 , F01N3/2821 , F01N3/2882 , F23C6/045 , F23C9/006 , F23R3/40 , F01N2240/02 , F01N2330/321 , F01N2330/323 , F01N2330/42 , F23C2900/13002 , F23R2900/00002
摘要： This invention is an improved catalyst structure and its use in highly exothermic processes like catalytic combustion. This improved catalyst structure employs integral heat exchange in an array of longitudinally disposed adjacent reaction passage-ways or channels, which are either catalyst-coated or catalyst-free, wherein the configuration of the catalyst-coated channels differs from the non-catalyst channels such that, when applied in exothermic reaction processes, such as catalytic combustion, the desired reaction is promoted in the catalytic channels and substantially limited in the non-catalyst channels. The invention further comprises an improved reaction system and process for combustion of a fuel wherein catalytic combustion using a catalyst structure employing integral heat exchange, preferably the improved structures of the invention, affords a partially-combusted, gaseous product which is passed to a homogeneous combustion zone where complete combustion is promoted by means of a flameholder.
摘要翻译： 本发明是改进的催化剂结构及其在高度放热过程如催化燃烧中的应用。 这种改进的催化剂结构在纵向设置的相邻反应通道或通道的阵列中采用整体热交换，其是催化剂涂覆的或不含催化剂的，其中催化剂涂覆的通道的构型与非催化剂通道的构型不同， 当用于放热反应过程如催化燃烧时，在催化通道中促进所需的反应，并且在非催化剂通道中基本上受限制。 本发明还包括改进的燃料燃烧反应系统和方法，其中使用采用整体热交换的催化剂结构，优选本发明的改进结构的催化燃烧提供了部分燃烧的气态产物，其被传递到均匀燃烧 通过火焰稳定器促进完全燃烧的区域。
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