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1.发明授权Solid-oxide fuel cell system having an integrated reformer and waste energy recovery system 有权具有集成重整器和废能回收系统的固体氧化物燃料电池系统公开(公告)号：US06921596B2
公开(公告)日：2005-07-26
申请号：US10178808
申请日：2002-06-24
IPC分类号： B01J8/04 , B01J10/00 , B60L11/18 , C01B3/34 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/06 , H01M8/12 , H01M8/18 , H01M8/24 , H01M10/44
CPC分类号： H01M8/2485 , C01B3/34 , C01B2203/0227 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0811 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/0618 , H01M8/0631 , H01M8/0662 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/2432 , H01M8/2475 , H01M2008/1293 , H01M2250/20 , Y02E60/525 , Y02P20/124 , Y02P20/129 , Y02T90/32
摘要： A solid-oxide fuel cell system including an integrated reforming unit comprising a hydrocarbon fuel reformer; an integral tail gas and cathode air combustor and reformer heat exchanger; a fuel pre-heater and fuel injector cooler; a fuel injector and fuel/air mixer and vaporizer; a reforming air pre-heating heat exchanger; a reforming air temperature control valve and means; and a pre-reformer start-up combustor. The integration of a plate reformer, tail gas combustor, and combustor gas heat exchanger allows for efficient operation modes of the reformer, both endothermic and exothermic as desired. The combustor gas heat exchanger aids in temperature regulation of the reformer and reduces significant thermal gradients in the unit.
摘要翻译： 一种固体氧化物燃料电池系统，包括包含碳氢化合物燃料重整器的整体重整单元; 整体尾气和阴极空气燃烧器和重整器热交换器; 燃料预热器和燃料喷射器冷却器; 燃料喷射器和燃料/空气混合器和蒸发器; 重整空气预热热交换器; 重整空气温度控制阀和装置; 以及一个改性前重新启动燃烧室。 板式重整器，尾气燃烧器和燃烧器气体热交换器的集成允许重整器的有效操作模式，根据需要吸热和放热。 燃烧器气体热交换器有助于重整器的温度调节，并降低了该装置中显着的热梯度。
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2.发明授权Solid-oxide fuel cell system having a fuel combustor to pre-heat reformer on start-up 有权具有燃料燃烧器的固体氧化物燃料电池系统在启动时预热重整器公开(公告)号：US07410016B2
公开(公告)日：2008-08-12
申请号：US10178125
申请日：2002-06-24
IPC分类号： B60K1/00
CPC分类号： F23C13/00 , F23C13/02 , F23C2900/03002 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0271 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04225 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/2483 , H01M8/249
摘要： In a solid-oxide fuel cell system, a catalytic reformer unit provides reformate fuel for use by the cells in generating electricity. Both the reformer and the fuel cells require elevated temperatures for satisfactory operation. The reformer unit is provided with a combustion chamber and igniter ahead of the catalytic reformer plates such that, during start-up, fuel/air mixture normally destined for reformation may be ignited in the combustion chamber to provide a hot combustion exhaust which is fed through the catalytic reformer and the anode reformate flow spaces to assist in rapidly bringing the fuel cell system to operating temperature.
摘要翻译： 在固体氧化物燃料电池系统中，催化重整单元提供用于发电的电池的重整燃料。 重整器和燃料电池都需要升高的温度才能令人满意的操作。 重整器单元在催化重整器板之前设置有燃烧室和点火器，使得在启动期间，通常用于改造的燃料/空气混合物可能在燃烧室中点燃以提供通过 催化重整器和阳极重整物流动空间，以帮助快速使燃料电池系统达到工作温度。
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公开(公告)号：US07144644B2
公开(公告)日：2006-12-05
申请号：US10178825
申请日：2002-06-24
CPC分类号： H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04022 , H01M2008/1293 , H01M2250/20 , Y02E60/525 , Y02T90/32
摘要： In a solid-oxide fuel cell assembly, at least one positive displacement air supply (PDAS) pump supplies at least a portion of the air required for various functional air streams through the assembly. Mass air flow through each PDAS pump is readily controlled to a predetermined flow by controlling the rotational speed of the pump, obviating the need for an MAF sensor and control valve. Preferably, each different air stream through the assembly is controlled by its own PDAS pump, sized for the required flow, allowing each to operate at its optimal pressure and thereby minimizing the parasitic electrical cost of providing air to the SOFC assembly.
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公开(公告)号：US07008715B2
公开(公告)日：2006-03-07
申请号：US10178862
申请日：2002-06-24
CPC分类号： H01M8/2425 , H01M8/0247 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/2483
摘要： A fuel cell assembly or system including flexible metal bellows elements in one or more tubes intended for carrying hot gases during operation of the assembly. The bellows elements include a tubing element having plurality of annular corrugated folds. Thermal expansion and contraction of rigid tubes and of the non-tubular elements of the assembly can lead to buckling, cracking, and failure of the tubes and failure of the assembly or system. The flexible bellows elements, having relatively low axial and radial spring rates thus are able to absorb thermal and vibrational dimensional changes in the assembly. In addition, the corrugations provide significant resistance to axial heat flow and large radiant surface area, thus increasing thermal isolation where desired between relatively hot and relatively cold regions of the assembly.
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5.发明授权Solid-oxide fuel cell system having a thermally-regulated cathode air heat exchanger 有权具有热调节阴极空气热交换器的固体氧化物燃料电池系统公开(公告)号：US07422812B2
公开(公告)日：2008-09-09
申请号：US10178133
申请日：2002-06-24
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04014 , F28D9/005 , F28F3/12 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/0618 , H01M8/0662 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/2475 , H01M8/2485 , H01M8/249 , H01M2008/1293 , H01M2250/20 , Y02E60/525 , Y02T90/32
摘要： In a solid-oxide fuel cell system, an integrated air supply system provides oxygen for the fuel cell cathode reaction via a first air flow through a heat exchanger and a second air flow bypassing the heat exchanger, at least one of the first and second flows being throttled by a control valve responsive to a fuel cell control system, the flows subsequently being combined to provide air to the cathodes at a desired temperature.
摘要翻译： 在固体氧化物燃料电池系统中，集成空气供应系统通过经由热交换器的第一空气流和绕过热交换器的第二空气流为燃料电池阴极反应提供氧气，第一和第二流动中的至少一个 通过响应于燃料电池控制系统的控制阀节流，随后组合流量以在期望的温度向阴极提供空气。
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6.发明授权Solid-oxide fuel cell assembly having a thermal enclosure within a structural enclosure 有权固体氧化物燃料电池组件，其具有在结构外壳内的热封闭公开(公告)号：US06942942B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-13
申请号：US10178114
申请日：2002-06-24
IPC分类号： B01J19/24 , B60K1/04 , B60L11/18 , C01B3/38 , H01M2/02 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/06 , H01M8/10 , H01M8/12 , H01M8/24
CPC分类号： B01J19/249 , B01J2219/2453 , B01J2219/2477 , B01J2219/2496 , C01B3/386 , C01B2203/0261 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0883 , C01B2203/1288 , H01M8/04014 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/04395 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04768 , H01M8/04776 , H01M8/0618 , H01M8/0662 , H01M8/1246 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/2465 , H01M8/2475 , H01M8/2484 , H01M8/249 , H01M2250/20 , Y02E60/525 , Y02P70/56 , Y02T90/32
摘要： A solid-oxide fuel cell system having “hot” components, e.g., the fuel cell stacks, the fuel reformer, tail gas combuster, heat exchangers, and fuel/air manifold, contained in a “hot zone” within a thermal enclosure intended specifically for minimizing heat transfer to its exterior and having no significant structural or protective function for its contents. A two-part clamshell arrangement allows all piping and leads which must pass through the enclosure to do so at the join line between the parts, thus eliminating need for ports and fittings in the thermal enclosure. A separate and larger structural enclosure surrounds the thermal enclosure, defining a “cool zone” outside the thermal enclosure for incorporation of “cool” components, e.g., the air supply system and the electronic control system, and providing structural protection for all components of the fuel cell system.
摘要翻译： 具有“热”组分的固体氧化物燃料电池系统，其包含在特定热源外壳中的“热区”中的“热”组分，例如燃料电池堆，燃料重整器，尾气燃烧器，热交换器和燃料/空气歧管 用于最小化其外部传热并且对其内容物没有显着的结构或保护功能。 两部分翻盖装置允许必须通过外壳的所有管道和导线在部件之间的连接线处进行，从而消除对热封壳中的端口和配件的需要。 一个单独的和较大的结构外壳围绕热封闭，在热封壳外部定义“冷却区”，以结合“冷”组件，例如供气系统和电子控制系统，并为 燃料电池系统。
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7.发明授权Oxygen isolation and collection for anode protection in a solid-oxide fuel cell stack 有权在固体氧化物燃料电池堆中进行阳极保护的氧隔离和收集公开(公告)号：US06744235B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-01
申请号：US10178819
申请日：2002-06-24
申请人： Karl J. Haltiner, Jr. , Subhasish Mukerjee , Diane M. England , Michael T. Faville , Sean M. Kelly , Bernhard Edlinger , Joachim Tachtler
发明人： Karl J. Haltiner, Jr. , Subhasish Mukerjee , Diane M. England , Michael T. Faville , Sean M. Kelly , Bernhard Edlinger , Joachim Tachtler
IPC分类号： H01M1046
CPC分类号： H01M8/0662 , H01M8/021 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0271 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04228 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/1231 , H01M8/2425
摘要： In a fuel cell assembly, nickel-based anodes are readily oxidized when exposed to oxygen as may happen through atmospheric invasion of the assembly during cool-down following shutdown of the assembly. Repeated anode oxidation and reduction can be destructive of the anodes, leading to cracking and failure. To prevent such oxygen migration, check valves and oxygen getter devices containing oxygen-scavenging material such as metallic nickel are provided in the reformate passageways leading to and from the anodes. The check valves preferably are closed by gravity. Oxidation of the oxygen-gettering material is readily reversed through reduction by reformate when the assembly is restarted.
摘要翻译： 在燃料电池组件中，当暴露于氧气时，镍基阳极容易氧化，这可能是由于在组件关闭后的冷却期间通过组件的大气侵入而发生的。 重复的阳极氧化和还原可能是阳极的破坏，导致开裂和破坏。 为了防止这种氧迁移，在通向和从阳极的重整产品通道中提供止回阀和含有除氧材料如金属镍的氧气吸气装置。 止回阀优选地通过重力封闭。 吸氧材料的氧化通过在重新组装时通过重整产物的还原而容易地逆转。
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公开(公告)号：US06562496B2
公开(公告)日：2003-05-13
申请号：US09845531
申请日：2001-04-30
申请人： Michael T. Faville , M. James Grieve , John G. Noetzel , Karl J. Haltiner, Jr. , Christopher M. DeMinco , Kevin R. Keegan , John F. O'Brien , Subhasish Mukerjee , David R. Schumann , Steven R. Shaffer , Juergen T. Kammerer , Catherine C. Vavonese , James M. Haller , Donald J. Armstrong , Harry L. Husted , Haskell Simpkins
发明人： Michael T. Faville , M. James Grieve , John G. Noetzel , Karl J. Haltiner, Jr. , Christopher M. DeMinco , Kevin R. Keegan , John F. O'Brien , Subhasish Mukerjee , David R. Schumann , Steven R. Shaffer , Juergen T. Kammerer , Catherine C. Vavonese , James M. Haller , Donald J. Armstrong , Harry L. Husted , Haskell Simpkins
IPC分类号： H01M800
CPC分类号： H01M8/04268 , H01M8/04014 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/0612 , H01M2008/1293
摘要： A method of starting a solid oxide fuel cell system is disclosed. The method comprises pressurizing a main plenum to a first pressure. The main plenum comprises a first supply of fuel, blowers, and air control valves. The first supply of fuel and a first supply of air are directed to a preheated micro-reformer. A heated pre-reformate is created in the micro-reformer and discharged from the micro-reformer to a main reformer. The main reformer is preheated with the heated pre-reformate. A second supply of fuel and a second supply of air are introduced to the main reformer. A heated main reformate is created in the main reformer and directed to a waste energy recovery assembly. A cathode supply is heated in the waste energy recovery system and then directed to a solid oxide fuel cell stack in order to heat the solid oxide fuel cell stack. Methods of transitioning, operating, shutting down, and maintaining in standby mode are also disclosed. A solid oxide fuel cell mechanization for a transportation vehicle is also disclosed.
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9.发明授权Apparatus and method for operation of a high temperature fuel cell system using recycled anode exhaust 有权使用再循环阳极排气的高温燃料电池系统的操作装置和方法公开(公告)号：US07326482B2
公开(公告)日：2008-02-05
申请号：US10793302
申请日：2004-03-04
IPC分类号： H01M8/00
CPC分类号： C01B3/38 , C01B3/382 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0238 , C01B2203/0244 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/1247 , C01B2203/148 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/0618 , H01M2008/1293 , H01M2008/147 , Y02E60/526 , Y02P20/142
摘要： A method for improving the efficiency of a hydrocarbon catalytic reformer and close-coupled fuel cell system by recycling a percentage of the anode exhaust syngas directly into the reformer in a range between about 20% and about 60%. Oxygen is supplied to the reformer at start-up. Under equilibrium conditions, oxygen required for reforming of hydrocarbon fuel is derived entirely from endothermic reforming of water and carbon dioxide in the recycled syngas. Recycling of anode syngas into the reformer increases fuel efficiency, adds excess water to the reformate to increase protection against anode coking, and protects the fuel cell stack against air- and water-borne contaminants. A method for producing an excess amount of syngas for exporting for other purposes is also provided.
摘要翻译： 通过将一定比例的阳极排气合成气直接再循环到重整器中，在约20％至约60％之间的范围内提高烃催化重整器和紧密耦合燃料电池系统的效率的方法。 启动时将氧气提供给重整器。 在平衡条件下，烃燃料重整所需的氧气完全来源于再循环合成气中水和二氧化碳的吸热重整。 将阳极合成气再循环到重整器中可提高燃料效率，为重整产品添加过量的水以增加对阳极焦化的保护，并保护燃料电池堆免受空气和水传播的污染物的影响。 还提供了用于生产用于出口用于其它目的的过量合成气的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US06984466B2
公开(公告)日：2006-01-10
申请号：US10178829
申请日：2002-06-24
CPC分类号： H01M8/2425 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/04104 , H01M8/2465 , H01M8/2483 , H01M2008/1293 , H01M2250/10 , H01M2250/20 , Y02B90/14 , Y02E60/525 , Y02T90/32
摘要： A fuel cell assembly having manifold means for providing fuel and air to, and removing spent fuel and air from, flow passageways across the anodes and cathodes in a fuel cell stack. The sizes and proportions of the supply and return manifolds are optimized, and the total cross-sectional area of the return manifold is about twice the cross-sectional area of the supply manifold. The pressure drop in the manifolds is less than about one-quarter of the total pressure drop across the anode and cathode passageways in the stack, which ratio may be attained by adjusting the thickness of the anode and cathode spacers and/or the size of the chimneys. Widthwise uniformity of flow across the anodes and cathodes is improved by forming each of the manifolds as a plurality of smaller, parallel flow conduits.
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