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1.发明授权Oxygen isolation and collection for anode protection in a solid-oxide fuel cell stack 有权在固体氧化物燃料电池堆中进行阳极保护的氧隔离和收集公开(公告)号：US06744235B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-01
申请号：US10178819
申请日：2002-06-24
申请人： Karl J. Haltiner, Jr. , Subhasish Mukerjee , Diane M. England , Michael T. Faville , Sean M. Kelly , Bernhard Edlinger , Joachim Tachtler
发明人： Karl J. Haltiner, Jr. , Subhasish Mukerjee , Diane M. England , Michael T. Faville , Sean M. Kelly , Bernhard Edlinger , Joachim Tachtler
IPC分类号： H01M1046
CPC分类号： H01M8/0662 , H01M8/021 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0271 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04228 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/1231 , H01M8/2425
摘要： In a fuel cell assembly, nickel-based anodes are readily oxidized when exposed to oxygen as may happen through atmospheric invasion of the assembly during cool-down following shutdown of the assembly. Repeated anode oxidation and reduction can be destructive of the anodes, leading to cracking and failure. To prevent such oxygen migration, check valves and oxygen getter devices containing oxygen-scavenging material such as metallic nickel are provided in the reformate passageways leading to and from the anodes. The check valves preferably are closed by gravity. Oxidation of the oxygen-gettering material is readily reversed through reduction by reformate when the assembly is restarted.
摘要翻译： 在燃料电池组件中，当暴露于氧气时，镍基阳极容易氧化，这可能是由于在组件关闭后的冷却期间通过组件的大气侵入而发生的。 重复的阳极氧化和还原可能是阳极的破坏，导致开裂和破坏。 为了防止这种氧迁移，在通向和从阳极的重整产品通道中提供止回阀和含有除氧材料如金属镍的氧气吸气装置。 止回阀优选地通过重力封闭。 吸氧材料的氧化通过在重新组装时通过重整产物的还原而容易地逆转。
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公开(公告)号：US07001685B2
公开(公告)日：2006-02-21
申请号：US10357748
申请日：2003-02-04
申请人： Larisa S. Bobrov , Karl J. Haltiner, Jr. , Haskell Simpkins , Michael T. Faville , Sean M. Kelly , Subhasish Mukerjee
发明人： Larisa S. Bobrov , Karl J. Haltiner, Jr. , Haskell Simpkins , Michael T. Faville , Sean M. Kelly , Subhasish Mukerjee
CPC分类号： H01M8/2425 , H01M8/248 , H01M8/2484 , H01M2008/1293
摘要： A load frame with mechanical springs for providing compression to a fuel cell stack during assembly and operation of a fuel cell assembly. The stack assembly load frame includes a base plate for supporting the stack, a moveable spring holder above the stack, a retaining plate above the spring holder, and tubular supports or rods retaining the post-sintered spacing established by the applied load defining the spacing of the base plate from the retaining plate. A spring for maintaining compression in each stack is positioned between the spring holder and the retaining plate. The invention further comprises a method for assembling a fuel cell assembly to provide an adequate compressive load to the stack during assembly and operation.
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3.发明授权Solid-oxide fuel cell system having tempering of fuel cell stacks by exhaust gas 失效固体氧化物燃料电池系统通过废气回火燃料电池堆公开(公告)号：US07588849B2
公开(公告)日：2009-09-15
申请号：US10178855
申请日：2002-06-24
CPC分类号： H01M8/04022 , F28D9/005 , H01M8/04014 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/04268 , H01M8/0662 , H01M8/1246 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/2428 , H01M8/2432 , H01M8/2457 , H01M8/2465 , H01M8/2475 , H01M8/2483 , H01M8/2485 , H01M8/249 , H01M2250/20 , Y02E60/525 , Y02P70/56 , Y02T90/32
摘要： In a solid-oxide fuel cell system, a fuel/air manifold conveys air and tail gas fuel from the anodes in a fuel cell stack assembly to a tail gas combustor, producing a heated combustor exhaust having the highest mass flow in the system. The exhaust is passed through a heat exchanger to warm incoming cathode reaction air, and the exhaust is partially cooled by the exchange. From the heat exchanger, the exhaust gas is passed through a tempering jacket space surrounding the fuel cells in the stack. During start-up of the system, the exhaust gas is hotter than the stack and so the warm-up period is shortened. During normal operation of the system, the exhaust gas is cooler than the operating temperature and therefore cooling of the stack is assisted by contact with the exhaust gas.
摘要翻译： 在固体氧化物燃料电池系统中，燃料/空气歧管将来自燃料电池堆组件中的阳极的空气和尾气燃料输送到尾气燃烧器，产生在系统中具有最高质量流量的加热的燃烧器排气。 排气通过热交换器以加热进入的阴极反应空气，并且排气部分地被交换器冷却。 从热交换器，废气通过围绕堆叠中的燃料电池的回火夹套空间。 在系统启动期间，废气比堆叠更热，因此预热期缩短。 在系统的正常操作期间，废气比操作温度更冷，因此通过与废气接触来辅助堆的冷却。
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4.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07435490B2
公开(公告)日：2008-10-14
申请号：US11593672
申请日：2006-11-07
CPC分类号： H01M4/9066 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/9016 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0256 , H01M2250/20 , Y02T90/32
摘要： In a fuel cell assembly, nickel-based anodes are readily oxidized when exposed to oxygen as may happen through atmospheric invasion of the assembly during cool-down following shutdown of the assembly. Repeated anode oxidation and reduction can be destructive of the anodes, leading to cracking and failure. To prevent such oxygen migration, oxygen getter devices containing oxygen-gettering material such as metallic nickel are provided in the fuel passageways leading to and from the anodes. Oxidation of the oxygen-gettering material is readily reversed through reduction by fuel when the assembly is restarted.
摘要翻译： 在燃料电池组件中，当暴露于氧气时，镍基阳极容易氧化，这可能是由于在组件关闭后的冷却期间通过组件的大气侵入而发生的。 重复的阳极氧化和还原可能是阳极的破坏，导致开裂和破坏。 为了防止这种氧迁移，在通向和从阳极的燃料通道中提供含有吸氧材料如金属镍的吸氧剂装置。 当组装重新启动时，吸氧材料的氧化很容易通过燃料的还原反转。
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5.发明授权Method and apparatus for forming electrode interconnect contacts for a solid-oxide fuel cell stack 有权用于形成固体氧化物燃料电池堆的电极互连触点的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US07781123B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-24
申请号：US11145647
申请日：2005-06-06
申请人： Joseph M. Keller , Karl J. Haltiner, Jr. , Subhasish Mukerjee , Diane M. England , Gary F. Reisdorf , Steven L. Cooper , Willem Vilders, III
发明人： Joseph M. Keller , Karl J. Haltiner, Jr. , Subhasish Mukerjee , Diane M. England , Gary F. Reisdorf , Steven L. Cooper , Willem Vilders, III
CPC分类号： H01M8/0245 , H01M4/8621 , H01M4/8885 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0236 , H01M8/0297 , H01M8/1213 , H01M8/1246 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/2457 , Y02E60/525 , Y02P70/56
摘要： An electrical interconnect for a solid-oxide fuel cell stack assembly, including a novel sintering paste and an improved manufacturing process for an anode and cathode electrical contacts is disclosed. On the anode side, the paste contains a metallic oxide such as NiO, and an amount of sacrificial pore-forming particles, such as carbon particles or polymer spheres, which are vaporized during sintering of the paste, resulting in a very porous connection having good electrical conductivity and good adhesion. A preferred level of pore-former in the paste is about 40 volume percent. On the cathode side, the paste contains a noble metal such as for example, gold, platinum, palladium or rhodium, and an amount of the sacrificial pore-forming particles. The paste may be applied to the surfaces in a grid pattern or, because the resulting contact is porous after sintering, it may be applied as a continuous layer.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于固体氧化物燃料电池堆组件的电互连，其包括新颖的烧结膏和用于阳极和阴极电触点的改进的制造工艺。 在阳极侧，糊状物含有NiO等金属氧化物，以及在糊料烧结过程中蒸发的诸如碳颗粒或聚合物球的牺牲性成孔颗粒的量，导致非常多孔的连接具有良好的 导电性好，附着力好。 浆料中成孔剂的优选含量为约40体积％。 在阴极侧，糊状物含有贵金属，例如金，铂，钯或铑，以及一定量的牺牲性成孔颗粒。 糊状物可以以网格图案施加到表面，或者由于所得接触在烧结之后是多孔的，所以可以作为连续层施加。
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公开(公告)号：US06562496B2
公开(公告)日：2003-05-13
申请号：US09845531
申请日：2001-04-30
申请人： Michael T. Faville , M. James Grieve , John G. Noetzel , Karl J. Haltiner, Jr. , Christopher M. DeMinco , Kevin R. Keegan , John F. O'Brien , Subhasish Mukerjee , David R. Schumann , Steven R. Shaffer , Juergen T. Kammerer , Catherine C. Vavonese , James M. Haller , Donald J. Armstrong , Harry L. Husted , Haskell Simpkins
发明人： Michael T. Faville , M. James Grieve , John G. Noetzel , Karl J. Haltiner, Jr. , Christopher M. DeMinco , Kevin R. Keegan , John F. O'Brien , Subhasish Mukerjee , David R. Schumann , Steven R. Shaffer , Juergen T. Kammerer , Catherine C. Vavonese , James M. Haller , Donald J. Armstrong , Harry L. Husted , Haskell Simpkins
IPC分类号： H01M800
CPC分类号： H01M8/04268 , H01M8/04014 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/0612 , H01M2008/1293
摘要： A method of starting a solid oxide fuel cell system is disclosed. The method comprises pressurizing a main plenum to a first pressure. The main plenum comprises a first supply of fuel, blowers, and air control valves. The first supply of fuel and a first supply of air are directed to a preheated micro-reformer. A heated pre-reformate is created in the micro-reformer and discharged from the micro-reformer to a main reformer. The main reformer is preheated with the heated pre-reformate. A second supply of fuel and a second supply of air are introduced to the main reformer. A heated main reformate is created in the main reformer and directed to a waste energy recovery assembly. A cathode supply is heated in the waste energy recovery system and then directed to a solid oxide fuel cell stack in order to heat the solid oxide fuel cell stack. Methods of transitioning, operating, shutting down, and maintaining in standby mode are also disclosed. A solid oxide fuel cell mechanization for a transportation vehicle is also disclosed.
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公开(公告)号：US07147953B2
公开(公告)日：2006-12-12
申请号：US10178282
申请日：2002-06-24
IPC分类号： H01M8/10
CPC分类号： H01M8/249 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/2483 , H01M2250/20 , Y02T90/32
摘要： A fuel cell assembly comprising a plurality of individual fuel cells, especially a solid-oxide fuel cell assembly. The cells are organized into a plurality of stacks, preferably two stacks, disposed side-by-side rather than end-to-end as in a prior art monolithic single stack. This arrangement makes the assembly compact physically, which can be highly desirable in some fuel cell applications. The stacks are connected conventionally in series electrically but are supplied with air and fuel in parallel to shorten the distribution manifolds and improve uniformity of distribution and exhaust among all the cells.
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8.发明授权Solid-oxide fuel cell system having an integrated reformer and waste energy recovery system 有权具有集成重整器和废能回收系统的固体氧化物燃料电池系统公开(公告)号：US06921596B2
公开(公告)日：2005-07-26
申请号：US10178808
申请日：2002-06-24
IPC分类号： B01J8/04 , B01J10/00 , B60L11/18 , C01B3/34 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/06 , H01M8/12 , H01M8/18 , H01M8/24 , H01M10/44
CPC分类号： H01M8/2485 , C01B3/34 , C01B2203/0227 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0811 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/0618 , H01M8/0631 , H01M8/0662 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/2432 , H01M8/2475 , H01M2008/1293 , H01M2250/20 , Y02E60/525 , Y02P20/124 , Y02P20/129 , Y02T90/32
摘要： A solid-oxide fuel cell system including an integrated reforming unit comprising a hydrocarbon fuel reformer; an integral tail gas and cathode air combustor and reformer heat exchanger; a fuel pre-heater and fuel injector cooler; a fuel injector and fuel/air mixer and vaporizer; a reforming air pre-heating heat exchanger; a reforming air temperature control valve and means; and a pre-reformer start-up combustor. The integration of a plate reformer, tail gas combustor, and combustor gas heat exchanger allows for efficient operation modes of the reformer, both endothermic and exothermic as desired. The combustor gas heat exchanger aids in temperature regulation of the reformer and reduces significant thermal gradients in the unit.
摘要翻译： 一种固体氧化物燃料电池系统，包括包含碳氢化合物燃料重整器的整体重整单元; 整体尾气和阴极空气燃烧器和重整器热交换器; 燃料预热器和燃料喷射器冷却器; 燃料喷射器和燃料/空气混合器和蒸发器; 重整空气预热热交换器; 重整空气温度控制阀和装置; 以及一个改性前重新启动燃烧室。 板式重整器，尾气燃烧器和燃烧器气体热交换器的集成允许重整器的有效操作模式，根据需要吸热和放热。 燃烧器气体热交换器有助于重整器的温度调节，并降低了该装置中显着的热梯度。
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9.发明授权Solid-oxide fuel cell assembly having a thermal enclosure within a structural enclosure 有权固体氧化物燃料电池组件，其具有在结构外壳内的热封闭公开(公告)号：US06942942B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-13
申请号：US10178114
申请日：2002-06-24
IPC分类号： B01J19/24 , B60K1/04 , B60L11/18 , C01B3/38 , H01M2/02 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/06 , H01M8/10 , H01M8/12 , H01M8/24
CPC分类号： B01J19/249 , B01J2219/2453 , B01J2219/2477 , B01J2219/2496 , C01B3/386 , C01B2203/0261 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0883 , C01B2203/1288 , H01M8/04014 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/04395 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04768 , H01M8/04776 , H01M8/0618 , H01M8/0662 , H01M8/1246 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/2465 , H01M8/2475 , H01M8/2484 , H01M8/249 , H01M2250/20 , Y02E60/525 , Y02P70/56 , Y02T90/32
摘要： A solid-oxide fuel cell system having “hot” components, e.g., the fuel cell stacks, the fuel reformer, tail gas combuster, heat exchangers, and fuel/air manifold, contained in a “hot zone” within a thermal enclosure intended specifically for minimizing heat transfer to its exterior and having no significant structural or protective function for its contents. A two-part clamshell arrangement allows all piping and leads which must pass through the enclosure to do so at the join line between the parts, thus eliminating need for ports and fittings in the thermal enclosure. A separate and larger structural enclosure surrounds the thermal enclosure, defining a “cool zone” outside the thermal enclosure for incorporation of “cool” components, e.g., the air supply system and the electronic control system, and providing structural protection for all components of the fuel cell system.
摘要翻译： 具有“热”组分的固体氧化物燃料电池系统，其包含在特定热源外壳中的“热区”中的“热”组分，例如燃料电池堆，燃料重整器，尾气燃烧器，热交换器和燃料/空气歧管 用于最小化其外部传热并且对其内容物没有显着的结构或保护功能。 两部分翻盖装置允许必须通过外壳的所有管道和导线在部件之间的连接线处进行，从而消除对热封壳中的端口和配件的需要。 一个单独的和较大的结构外壳围绕热封闭，在热封壳外部定义“冷却区”，以结合“冷”组件，例如供气系统和电子控制系统，并为 燃料电池系统。
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10.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07306872B2
公开(公告)日：2007-12-11
申请号：US11027095
申请日：2004-12-30
申请人： Karl J. Haltiner, Jr. , Subhasish Mukerjee , Lawrence A. Chick , Kerry D. Meinhardt , Dean M. Paxton , Vincent L. Sprenkle , K. Scott Weil , John E. Deibler , Paul E. George, II , Kurtis P. Recknagle
发明人： Karl J. Haltiner, Jr. , Subhasish Mukerjee , Lawrence A. Chick , Kerry D. Meinhardt , Dean M. Paxton , Vincent L. Sprenkle , K. Scott Weil , John E. Deibler , Paul E. George, II , Kurtis P. Recknagle
CPC分类号： H01M8/2425 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0247 , H01M8/0282 , H01M8/247 , H01M8/2483 , H01M2008/1293
摘要： A modular fuel cell cassette for use in assembling a fuel cell stack comprising a metal separator plate and a metal cell-mounting plate joined at their edges to form a hollow cassette. A fuel cell subassembly is attached to the mounting plate and extends through an opening in the mounting plate. The plates include openings to form chimney manifolds for supply and exhaust of fuel gas to the anode and air to the cathode. A conductive interconnect element extends from the fuel cell subassembly to make contact with the next cassette in a stack. The anode openings in the mounting plate and separator plate are separated by spacer rings such that the cassette is incompressible. A fuel cell stack comprises a plurality of cassettes, the mounting plate of one cassette being attached to, and insulated from, the separator plate of the next-adjacent cassette by a dielectric seal surrounding the interconnect.
摘要翻译： 一种用于组装燃料电池堆的模块化燃料电池盒，包括金属隔板和在其边缘连接以形成中空盒的金属电池安装板。 燃料电池子组件附接到安装板并延伸穿过安装板中的开口。 这些板包括用于形成烟囱歧管的开口，用于将燃料气体供给和排出到阳极和空气到阴极。 导电互连元件从燃料电池子组件延伸以与堆叠中的下一个盒体接触。 安装板和隔离板中的阳极开口由间隔环分开，使得盒不可压缩。 燃料电池堆包括多个盒，一个盒的安装板通过围绕互连的电介质密封件附接到下一相邻盒的隔板并与之隔绝。
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