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1.发明授权Oxygen isolation and collection for anode protection in a solid-oxide fuel cell stack 有权在固体氧化物燃料电池堆中进行阳极保护的氧隔离和收集公开(公告)号：US06744235B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-01
申请号：US10178819
申请日：2002-06-24
申请人： Karl J. Haltiner, Jr. , Subhasish Mukerjee , Diane M. England , Michael T. Faville , Sean M. Kelly , Bernhard Edlinger , Joachim Tachtler
发明人： Karl J. Haltiner, Jr. , Subhasish Mukerjee , Diane M. England , Michael T. Faville , Sean M. Kelly , Bernhard Edlinger , Joachim Tachtler
IPC分类号： H01M1046
CPC分类号： H01M8/0662 , H01M8/021 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0271 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04228 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/1231 , H01M8/2425
摘要： In a fuel cell assembly, nickel-based anodes are readily oxidized when exposed to oxygen as may happen through atmospheric invasion of the assembly during cool-down following shutdown of the assembly. Repeated anode oxidation and reduction can be destructive of the anodes, leading to cracking and failure. To prevent such oxygen migration, check valves and oxygen getter devices containing oxygen-scavenging material such as metallic nickel are provided in the reformate passageways leading to and from the anodes. The check valves preferably are closed by gravity. Oxidation of the oxygen-gettering material is readily reversed through reduction by reformate when the assembly is restarted.
摘要翻译： 在燃料电池组件中，当暴露于氧气时，镍基阳极容易氧化，这可能是由于在组件关闭后的冷却期间通过组件的大气侵入而发生的。 重复的阳极氧化和还原可能是阳极的破坏，导致开裂和破坏。 为了防止这种氧迁移，在通向和从阳极的重整产品通道中提供止回阀和含有除氧材料如金属镍的氧气吸气装置。 止回阀优选地通过重力封闭。 吸氧材料的氧化通过在重新组装时通过重整产物的还原而容易地逆转。
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2.发明授权Solid-oxide fuel cell system having tempering of fuel cell stacks by exhaust gas 失效固体氧化物燃料电池系统通过废气回火燃料电池堆公开(公告)号：US07588849B2
公开(公告)日：2009-09-15
申请号：US10178855
申请日：2002-06-24
CPC分类号： H01M8/04022 , F28D9/005 , H01M8/04014 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/04268 , H01M8/0662 , H01M8/1246 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/2428 , H01M8/2432 , H01M8/2457 , H01M8/2465 , H01M8/2475 , H01M8/2483 , H01M8/2485 , H01M8/249 , H01M2250/20 , Y02E60/525 , Y02P70/56 , Y02T90/32
摘要： In a solid-oxide fuel cell system, a fuel/air manifold conveys air and tail gas fuel from the anodes in a fuel cell stack assembly to a tail gas combustor, producing a heated combustor exhaust having the highest mass flow in the system. The exhaust is passed through a heat exchanger to warm incoming cathode reaction air, and the exhaust is partially cooled by the exchange. From the heat exchanger, the exhaust gas is passed through a tempering jacket space surrounding the fuel cells in the stack. During start-up of the system, the exhaust gas is hotter than the stack and so the warm-up period is shortened. During normal operation of the system, the exhaust gas is cooler than the operating temperature and therefore cooling of the stack is assisted by contact with the exhaust gas.
摘要翻译： 在固体氧化物燃料电池系统中，燃料/空气歧管将来自燃料电池堆组件中的阳极的空气和尾气燃料输送到尾气燃烧器，产生在系统中具有最高质量流量的加热的燃烧器排气。 排气通过热交换器以加热进入的阴极反应空气，并且排气部分地被交换器冷却。 从热交换器，废气通过围绕堆叠中的燃料电池的回火夹套空间。 在系统启动期间，废气比堆叠更热，因此预热期缩短。 在系统的正常操作期间，废气比操作温度更冷，因此通过与废气接触来辅助堆的冷却。
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3.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07435490B2
公开(公告)日：2008-10-14
申请号：US11593672
申请日：2006-11-07
CPC分类号： H01M4/9066 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/9016 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0256 , H01M2250/20 , Y02T90/32
摘要： In a fuel cell assembly, nickel-based anodes are readily oxidized when exposed to oxygen as may happen through atmospheric invasion of the assembly during cool-down following shutdown of the assembly. Repeated anode oxidation and reduction can be destructive of the anodes, leading to cracking and failure. To prevent such oxygen migration, oxygen getter devices containing oxygen-gettering material such as metallic nickel are provided in the fuel passageways leading to and from the anodes. Oxidation of the oxygen-gettering material is readily reversed through reduction by fuel when the assembly is restarted.
摘要翻译： 在燃料电池组件中，当暴露于氧气时，镍基阳极容易氧化，这可能是由于在组件关闭后的冷却期间通过组件的大气侵入而发生的。 重复的阳极氧化和还原可能是阳极的破坏，导致开裂和破坏。 为了防止这种氧迁移，在通向和从阳极的燃料通道中提供含有吸氧材料如金属镍的吸氧剂装置。 当组装重新启动时，吸氧材料的氧化很容易通过燃料的还原反转。
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4.发明授权Method and apparatus for forming electrode interconnect contacts for a solid-oxide fuel cell stack 有权用于形成固体氧化物燃料电池堆的电极互连触点的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US07781123B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-24
申请号：US11145647
申请日：2005-06-06
申请人： Joseph M. Keller , Karl J. Haltiner, Jr. , Subhasish Mukerjee , Diane M. England , Gary F. Reisdorf , Steven L. Cooper , Willem Vilders, III
发明人： Joseph M. Keller , Karl J. Haltiner, Jr. , Subhasish Mukerjee , Diane M. England , Gary F. Reisdorf , Steven L. Cooper , Willem Vilders, III
CPC分类号： H01M8/0245 , H01M4/8621 , H01M4/8885 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0236 , H01M8/0297 , H01M8/1213 , H01M8/1246 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/2457 , Y02E60/525 , Y02P70/56
摘要： An electrical interconnect for a solid-oxide fuel cell stack assembly, including a novel sintering paste and an improved manufacturing process for an anode and cathode electrical contacts is disclosed. On the anode side, the paste contains a metallic oxide such as NiO, and an amount of sacrificial pore-forming particles, such as carbon particles or polymer spheres, which are vaporized during sintering of the paste, resulting in a very porous connection having good electrical conductivity and good adhesion. A preferred level of pore-former in the paste is about 40 volume percent. On the cathode side, the paste contains a noble metal such as for example, gold, platinum, palladium or rhodium, and an amount of the sacrificial pore-forming particles. The paste may be applied to the surfaces in a grid pattern or, because the resulting contact is porous after sintering, it may be applied as a continuous layer.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于固体氧化物燃料电池堆组件的电互连，其包括新颖的烧结膏和用于阳极和阴极电触点的改进的制造工艺。 在阳极侧，糊状物含有NiO等金属氧化物，以及在糊料烧结过程中蒸发的诸如碳颗粒或聚合物球的牺牲性成孔颗粒的量，导致非常多孔的连接具有良好的 导电性好，附着力好。 浆料中成孔剂的优选含量为约40体积％。 在阴极侧，糊状物含有贵金属，例如金，铂，钯或铑，以及一定量的牺牲性成孔颗粒。 糊状物可以以网格图案施加到表面，或者由于所得接触在烧结之后是多孔的，所以可以作为连续层施加。
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公开(公告)号：US07147953B2
公开(公告)日：2006-12-12
申请号：US10178282
申请日：2002-06-24
IPC分类号： H01M8/10
CPC分类号： H01M8/249 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/2483 , H01M2250/20 , Y02T90/32
摘要： A fuel cell assembly comprising a plurality of individual fuel cells, especially a solid-oxide fuel cell assembly. The cells are organized into a plurality of stacks, preferably two stacks, disposed side-by-side rather than end-to-end as in a prior art monolithic single stack. This arrangement makes the assembly compact physically, which can be highly desirable in some fuel cell applications. The stacks are connected conventionally in series electrically but are supplied with air and fuel in parallel to shorten the distribution manifolds and improve uniformity of distribution and exhaust among all the cells.
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公开(公告)号：US08197981B2
公开(公告)日：2012-06-12
申请号：US11095063
申请日：2005-03-31
CPC分类号： H01M8/0247 , H01M8/0254 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/2483
摘要： An interconnect element for electrically connecting an anode and a cathode in adjacent fuel cells in a fuel cell stack, wherein said interconnect element has at least one featured surface including dimples, bosses, and/or pins arranged in a two-dimensional pattern. Preferably, both surfaces are featured, as by mechanical dimpling, embossing, or chemical etching, so that protrusions of the interconnect surface extend into either or both of the adjacent gas flow spaces to make electrical contact with the surfaces of the anode and cathode. This permits conduction of heat from the anode. The protrusions create turbulence in gas flowing through the flow spaces, which increases hydrogen consumption at the anode and hence electric output of the cell.
摘要翻译： 一种互连元件，用于将燃料电池堆中的相邻燃料电池中的阳极和阴极电连接，其中所述互连元件具有包括以二维图案布置的凹坑，凸起和/或销的至少一个特征表面。 优选地，两个表面的特征在于机械凹坑，压花或化学蚀刻，使得互连表面的突起延伸到相邻的气体流动空间中的一个或两个中，以与阳极和阴极的表面电接触。 这允许来自阳极的热传导。 突起在流过空间的气体中产生湍流，这增加了阳极处的氢消耗，从而增加了电池的电输出。
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公开(公告)号：US06821667B2
公开(公告)日：2004-11-23
申请号：US09968270
申请日：2001-10-01
IPC分类号： H01M802
CPC分类号： H01M8/0208 , F16J15/102 , H01M8/021 , H01M8/0273 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/2432 , H01M8/2484
摘要： Interconnects and perimeter spacers for a fuel cell stack are provided as flexible elements which can conform to non-planarities in a stack's electrolyte elements and thereby avoid inducing torsional stresses in the electrolyte elements. The interconnects are foil elements about 0.005 inches thick, formed of a superalloy such as Hastelloy, Haynes 230, or a stainless steel. The perimeter spacers comprise a plurality of laminate thin spacer elements, each thin spacer element being a laminate of superalloy and a “soft” material such as copper, nickel, or mica. The spacer elements can slide past one another; thus the perimeter spacers can be physically thick, to form the gas flow spaces within the stack, while also being torsionally flexible.
摘要翻译： 提供了用于燃料电池堆的互连和周边间隔物作为柔性元件，其可以符合堆叠电解质元件中的非平面性，从而避免在电解质元件中引起扭转应力。 这些互连件是约0.005英寸厚的箔元件，由诸如Hastelloy，Haynes 230或不锈钢的超级合金形成。 周边间隔件包括多个层压薄的间隔元件，每个薄间隔元件是超合金和诸如铜，镍或云母的“软”材料的层压体。 间隔元件可以彼此滑过; 因此周边间隔物可以物理上较厚，以在堆叠内形成气流空间，同时也具有挠性。
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公开(公告)号：US07601450B2
公开(公告)日：2009-10-13
申请号：US11087904
申请日：2005-03-23
IPC分类号： H01M2/02
CPC分类号： H01M8/0208 , H01M8/021 , H01M8/0223 , H01M8/0247 , H01M8/0297 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/2465 , H01M2008/1293 , Y10T428/24273
摘要： An electrical interconnect for a fuel cell assembly comprising a peripheral frame formed of one or more materials having a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to that of adjacent elements to which the interconnect must be bonded and a central portion formed of a corrosion-resistant material for conducting electric current between adjacent fuel cells. Preferably, the central portion is attached to the peripheral frame via a brazed corrugated lap joint for relieving thermal expansion differences between the frame and the central portion. Preferably, the joint includes an interlayer of a ductile material, for example, a nickel, copper, silver or gold layer, which helps to relieve thermal stress between the frame and the central portion.
摘要翻译： 一种用于燃料电池组件的电互连件，包括由一种或多种材料形成的外围框架，所述外围框架的热膨胀系数类似于要连接互连件的相邻元件的热膨胀系数;以及由用于导电的耐腐蚀材料形成的中心部分 相邻燃料电池之间的电流。 优选地，中心部分通过钎焊的波纹搭接接头附接到周边框架，用于减轻框架和中心部分之间的热膨胀差异。 优选地，接头包括延性材料的中间层，例如镍，铜，银或金层，其有助于缓解框架和中心部分之间的热应力。
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公开(公告)号：US20100043289A1
公开(公告)日：2010-02-25
申请号：US12229179
申请日：2008-08-20
申请人： Diane M. England , Sean M. Kelly
发明人： Diane M. England , Sean M. Kelly
IPC分类号： C10J1/20
CPC分类号： B01J19/2485 , B01J8/067 , B01J2219/00117 , B01J2219/00157 , B01J2219/1947 , C01B3/384 , C01B3/386 , C01B2203/0261 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/1029 , C01B2203/1064 , C01B2203/1235
摘要： An improved multiple-tube catalytic reformer comprising a tubular body containing a radiator core having a plurality of longitudinal cells for low-pressure flow-through of combustion gases, the core being formed preferably either by winding of corrugated metal or as an extruded metal monolith. A plurality of reformer tubes, preferably non-cylindrical, containing hydrocarbon catalyst are arrayed in longitudinal openings within the radiator core and preferably are brazed thereto to maximize heat transfer from the radiator core to the reformer tubes. During manufacture, the metal radiator core is economically bored by laser cutting to form the openings to admit the reformer tubes for brazing. Preferably, the reformer tubes are numbered, sized, shaped, and arrayed to minimize the longest conduction path in the radiator core to the center of any reformer tube.
摘要翻译： 一种改进的多管催化重整器，其包括管状主体，其包含散热器芯体，该散热器芯体具有用于燃烧气体的低压流通的多个纵向电池，所述芯体优选地通过卷绕波纹状金属或作为挤压金属整料而形成。 多个重整管，优选非圆柱形的含烃催化剂排列在散热器芯内的纵向开口中，并且优选钎焊到其上以最大化从散热器芯到重整器管的热传递。 在制造过程中，金属散热器芯通过激光切割经济地钻孔以形成开口以允许用于钎焊的重整器管。 优选地，重整器管被编号，大小，成形和排列，以使散热器芯中最长的传导路径最小化到任何重整器管的中心。
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公开(公告)号：US07976787B2
公开(公告)日：2011-07-12
申请号：US12229179
申请日：2008-08-20
申请人： Diane M. England , Sean M. Kelly
发明人： Diane M. England , Sean M. Kelly
IPC分类号： B01J8/02
CPC分类号： B01J19/2485 , B01J8/067 , B01J2219/00117 , B01J2219/00157 , B01J2219/1947 , C01B3/384 , C01B3/386 , C01B2203/0261 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/1029 , C01B2203/1064 , C01B2203/1235
摘要： An improved multiple-tube catalytic reformer comprising a tubular body containing a radiator core having a plurality of longitudinal cells for low-pressure flow-through of combustion gases, the core being formed preferably either by winding of corrugated metal or as an extruded metal monolith. A plurality of reformer tubes, preferably non-cylindrical, containing hydrocarbon catalyst are arrayed in longitudinal openings within the radiator core and preferably are brazed thereto to maximize heat transfer from the radiator core to the reformer tubes. During manufacture, the metal radiator core is economically bored by laser cutting to form the openings to admit the reformer tubes for brazing. Preferably, the reformer tubes are numbered, sized, shaped, and arrayed to minimize the longest conduction path in the radiator core to the center of any reformer tube.
摘要翻译： 一种改进的多管催化重整器，其包括管状体，其包含散热器芯体，该散热器芯体具有多个用于燃烧气体的低压流通的纵向电池，所述芯部优选地通过卷绕波纹状金属或作为挤压金属整料而形成。 多个重整管，优选非圆柱形的含烃催化剂排列在散热器芯内的纵向开口中，并且优选钎焊到其上以最大化从散热器芯到重整器管的热传递。 在制造过程中，金属散热器芯通过激光切割经济地钻孔以形成开口以允许用于钎焊的重整器管。 优选地，重整器管被编号，大小，成形和排列，以使散热器芯中最长的传导路径最小化到任何重整器管的中心。
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