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    NANOWIRE PHOTODETECTOR AND IMAGE SENSOR WITH INTERNAL GAIN
    2.
    发明申请
    NANOWIRE PHOTODETECTOR AND IMAGE SENSOR WITH INTERNAL GAIN 有权
    NANOWIRE光电和图像传感器内部增益

    公开(公告)号：US20100295019A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-11-25

    申请号：US12528701

    申请日：2008-02-26

    申请人： Deli Wang ,  Cesare Soci ,  Yu-Hwa Lo ,  Arthur Zhang ,  David Aplin ,  Lingquan Wang ,  Shadi Dayeh ,  Xin Yu Bao

    发明人： Deli Wang ,  Cesare Soci ,  Yu-Hwa Lo ,  Arthur Zhang ,  David Aplin ,  Lingquan Wang ,  Shadi Dayeh ,  Xin Yu Bao

    IPC分类号： H01L27/146 ,  H01L31/18

    CPC分类号： H01L31/035227 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01L27/14643 ,  H01L31/035236

    摘要： A practical ID nanowire photodetector with high gain that can be controlled by a radial electric field established in the ID nanowire. A ID nanowire photodetector device of the invention includes a nanowire that is individually contacted by electrodes for applying a longitudinal electric field which drives the photocurrent. An intrinsic radial electric field to the nanowire inhibits photo-carrier recombination, thus enhancing the photocurrent response. The invention further provides circuits of ID nanowire photodetectors, with groups of photodetectors addressed by their individual ID nanowires electrode contacts. The invention also provides a method for placement of ID nanostructures, including nanowires, with registration onto a substrate. A substrate is patterned with a material, e.g., photoresist, and trenches are formed in the patterning material at predetermined locations for the placement of ID nanostructures. The ID nanostructures are aligned in a liquid suspension, and then transferred into the trenches from the liquid suspension. Removal of the patterning material places the ID nanostructures in predetermined, registered positions on the substrate.

    摘要翻译： 具有高增益的实际的ID纳米线光电探测器，可以通过在ID纳米线中建立的径向电场来控制。 本发明的ID纳米线光电探测器器件包括一个纳米线，该纳米线被电极单独接触，用于施加驱动光电流的纵向电场。 对纳米线的固有径向电场抑制光载流子复合，从而增强光电流响应。 本发明进一步提供ID纳米线光电检测器的电路，其具有由其各自的ID纳米线电极接触器寻址的光电探测器组。 本发明还提供了一种用于将ID纳米结构（包括纳米线）放置在衬底上的方法。 用诸如光致抗蚀剂的材料对衬底进行图案化，并且在图案化材料中在预定位置形成沟槽以放置ID纳米结构。 将ID纳米结构在液体悬浮液中排列，然后从液体悬浮液转移到沟槽中。 去除图案形成材料将ID纳米结构放置在基板上的预定的注册位置。

    Ultra-high photosensitivity vertical nanowire arrays for retinal prosthesis
    3.
    发明授权
    Ultra-high photosensitivity vertical nanowire arrays for retinal prosthesis 有权
    用于视网膜假体的超高光敏性垂直纳米线阵列

    公开(公告)号：US09381355B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-07-05

    申请号：US13806089

    申请日：2011-06-21

    申请人： Massoud L. Khraiche ,  Gabriel Silva ,  Gert Cauwenberghs ,  Yu-Hwa Lo ,  Deli Wang ,  William Freeman

    发明人： Massoud L. Khraiche ,  Gabriel Silva ,  Gert Cauwenberghs ,  Yu-Hwa Lo ,  Deli Wang ,  William Freeman

    IPC分类号： A61N1/36 ,  A61N1/05 ,  A61F2/14 ,  A61L27/18 ,  H01L31/0352

    CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 ,  A61F2/14 ,  A61L27/18 ,  A61L2400/12 ,  A61L2430/16 ,  A61N1/0543 ,  H01L31/035227 ,  H01L31/035236 ,  C08L83/04 ,  C08L65/04

    摘要： A prosthetic retina for implantation in an eye having a defective retina is formed from an array of nanowires having a predetermined spatial distribution, density, size and shape implanted in close proximity to the retina. An electrical conductor is formed at a first end of all nanowires in the array of nanowires and placed in contact with a bias source which biases the array. A plurality of electrodes is located on a second end of each of one nanowire or a bundle of nanowires in the array. Each nanowire produces a photocurrent at a corresponding electrode in response to detection of light impinging on the array of nanowires and the photocurrent stimulates one or more neurons adapted for visual perception. In the preferred embodiment, the predetermined spatial distribution mimics a distribution of rods and cones in a normal eye.

    摘要翻译： 用于植入具有缺陷视网膜的眼睛中的假视网膜由具有植入在视网膜附近的预定空间分布，密度，大小和形状的纳米线阵列形成。 电导体形成在纳米线阵列中的所有纳米线的第一端，并与偏置源接触，偏压源偏置阵列。 多个电极位于阵列中的一个纳米线或纳米线束中的每一个的第二端上。 每个纳米线响应于入射到纳米线阵列上的光而在对应的电极处产生光电流，并且光电流刺激一个或多个适于视觉感知的神经元。 在优选实施例中，预定空间分布模拟正常眼睛中的棒和锥体的分布。

    ULTRA-HIGH PHOTOSENSITIVITY VERTICAL NANOWIRE ARRAYS FOR RETINAL PROSTHESIS
    4.
    发明申请
    ULTRA-HIGH PHOTOSENSITIVITY VERTICAL NANOWIRE ARRAYS FOR RETINAL PROSTHESIS 有权
    超高光敏性垂直纳米阵列

    公开(公告)号：US20140128972A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-05-08

    申请号：US13806089

    申请日：2011-06-21

    申请人： Massoud L. Khraiche ,  Gabriel Silva ,  Gert Cauwenberghs ,  Yu-Hwa Lo ,  Deli Wang ,  William Freeman

    发明人： Massoud L. Khraiche ,  Gabriel Silva ,  Gert Cauwenberghs ,  Yu-Hwa Lo ,  Deli Wang ,  William Freeman

    IPC分类号： A61N1/36 ,  A61F2/14 ,  H01L31/0352

    CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 ,  A61F2/14 ,  A61L27/18 ,  A61L2400/12 ,  A61L2430/16 ,  A61N1/0543 ,  H01L31/035227 ,  H01L31/035236 ,  C08L83/04 ,  C08L65/04

    摘要： A prosthetic retina for implantation in an eye having a defective retina is formed from an array of nanowires having a predetermined spatial distribution, density, size and shape implanted in close proximity to the retina. An electrical conductor is formed at a first end of all nanowires in the array of nanowires and placed in contact with a bias source which biases the array. A plurality of electrodes is located on a second end of each of one nanowire or a bundle of nanowires in the array. Each nanowire produces a photocurrent at a corresponding electrode in response to detection of light impinging on the array of nanowires and the photocurrent stimulates one or more neurons adapted for visual perception. In the preferred embodiment, the predetermined spatial distribution mimics a distribution of rods and cones in a normal eye.

    摘要翻译： 用于植入具有缺陷视网膜的眼睛中的假视网膜由具有植入在视网膜附近的预定空间分布，密度，大小和形状的纳米线阵列形成。 电导体形成在纳米线阵列中的所有纳米线的第一端，并与偏置源接触，偏压源偏置阵列。 多个电极位于阵列中的一个纳米线或纳米线束中的每一个的第二端上。 每个纳米线响应于入射到纳米线阵列上的光而在对应的电极处产生光电流，并且光电流刺激一个或多个适于视觉感知的神经元。 在优选实施例中，预定空间分布模拟正常眼睛中的棒和锥体的分布。

    Single photon IR detectors and their integration with silicon detectors
    6.
    发明授权
    Single photon IR detectors and their integration with silicon detectors 有权
    单光子红外探测器及其与硅探测器的集成

    公开(公告)号：US08637875B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-01-28

    申请号：US12502225

    申请日：2009-07-13

    申请人： Hod Finkelstein ,  Sadik C. Esener ,  Yu-Hwa Lo ,  Kai Zhao ,  James Cheng ,  Sifang You

    发明人： Hod Finkelstein ,  Sadik C. Esener ,  Yu-Hwa Lo ,  Kai Zhao ,  James Cheng ,  Sifang You

    IPC分类号： H01L31/12

    CPC分类号： H01L31/055 ,  H01L31/0336 ,  Y02E10/52

    摘要： Apparatuses and systems for photon detection can include a first optical sensing structure structured to absorb light at a first optical wavelength; and a second optical sensing structure engaged with the first optical sensing structure to allow optical communication between the first and the second optical sensing structures. The second optical sensing structure can be structured to absorb light at a second optical wavelength longer than the first optical wavelength and to emit light at the first optical wavelength which is absorbed by the first optical sensing structure. Apparatuses and systems can include a bandgap grading region.

    摘要翻译： 用于光子检测的装置和系统可以包括被构造为吸收第一光波长的光的第一光学感测结构; 以及与第一光学感测结构接合以允许第一和第二光学感测结构之间的光学通信的第二光学感测结构。 第二光学感测结构可被构造为吸收长于第一光学波长的第二光学波长的光并且发射由第一光学感测结构吸收的第一光学波长的光。 设备和系统可以包括带隙分级区域。

    Fluidic Adaptive Lens Systems and Methods
    7.
    发明申请
    Fluidic Adaptive Lens Systems and Methods 有权
    流体自适应透镜系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20070201138A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-08-30

    申请号：US11683141

    申请日：2007-03-07

    申请人： Yu-Hwa Lo

    发明人： Yu-Hwa Lo

    IPC分类号： G02B3/12

    CPC分类号： G02B3/14 ,  G02C7/085 ,  G02C7/088

    摘要： Fluidic adaptive lens devices, and systems employing such lens devices, along with methods of fabricating and operating such lens devices, are disclosed. In one embodiment, a lens material is optimally selected to provide one or more desired characteristics for a variety of applications related to adaptive lens devices. In another embodiment, a fluidic medium is optimally chosen to provide one or more desired characteristics for a variety of applications related to adaptive lens devices.

    摘要翻译： 公开了流体自适应透镜装置，以及采用这种透镜装置的系统，以及制造和操作这种透镜装置的方法。 在一个实施例中，最佳地选择透镜材料以为与自适应透镜装置相关的各种应用提供一个或多个期望特性。 在另一个实施例中，最佳地选择流体介质以为与自适应透镜装置相关的各种应用提供一个或多个期望的特性。

    Method for producing high quality heteroepitaxial growth using stress engineering and innovative substrates
    8.
    发明授权
    Method for producing high quality heteroepitaxial growth using stress engineering and innovative substrates 失效
    使用应力工程和创新底物生产高品质异质外延生长的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06329063B2

    公开(公告)日：2001-12-11

    申请号：US09210166

    申请日：1998-12-11

    申请人： Yu-Hwa Lo ,  Felix Ejeckam

    发明人： Yu-Hwa Lo ,  Felix Ejeckam

    IPC分类号： B32B906

    CPC分类号： H01L33/0066 ,  H01L21/02381 ,  H01L21/0245 ,  H01L21/02461 ,  H01L21/02505 ,  H01L21/02543 ,  H01L21/02546 ,  H01L31/1852 ,  Y02E10/544 ,  Y02P70/521 ,  Y10T428/12674 ,  Y10T428/12681

    摘要： A method for producing a stress-engineered substrate includes selecting first and second materials for forming the substrate. An epitaxial material for forming a heteroepitaxial layer is then selected. If the lattice constant of the heteroepitaxial layer (aepi) is greater than that (asub) of the immediate substrate layer the epitaxial layer is deposited on, then the epitaxial layer is kept under “compressive stress” (negative stress) at all temperatures of concern. On the other hand, if the lattice constant of the heteroepitaxial layer (aepi) is less than that (asub) of the immediate substrate layer the epitaxial layer is deposited on, then the epitaxial layer is kept under “tensile stress” (positive stress). The temperatures of concern range from the annealing temperature to the lowest temperature where dislocations are still mobile.

    摘要翻译： 用于生产应力工程衬底的方法包括选择用于形成衬底的第一和第二材料。 然后选择用于形成异质外延层的外延材料。 如果异质外延层（aepi）的晶格常数大于直立衬底层的（asub），则外延层被沉积，则外延层在所关注的所有温度下保持在“压应力”（负应力）下 。 另一方面，如果异质外延层（aepi）的晶格常数小于即刻衬底层的（asub），则沉积外延层，则外延层保持在“拉伸应力”（正应力） 。 关注的温度范围从退火温度到位错仍然移动的最低温度。

    Apparatus and method for improved optical detection of particles in fluid
    9.
    发明授权
    Apparatus and method for improved optical detection of particles in fluid 有权
    用于改善流体中颗粒的光学检测的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US08270781B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-09-18

    申请号：US12091414

    申请日：2006-10-27

    申请人： Yu-Hwa Lo ,  Victor Jie Lien ,  Chun Hao Randy Chen

    发明人： Yu-Hwa Lo ,  Victor Jie Lien ,  Chun Hao Randy Chen

    IPC分类号： G02B6/00

    CPC分类号： G01N15/1429 ,  B01L3/502707 ,  B01L3/502715 ,  B01L2200/0668 ,  B01L2300/0654 ,  B01L2300/0816 ,  B01L2400/0424 ,  B01L2400/0487 ,  G01N15/1434 ,  G01N15/1484 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/49 ,  G01N21/53 ,  G01N21/6408 ,  G01N2021/0346 ,  Y10T29/49124

    摘要： A number of fluidic-photonic devices for allowing optical detection, systems employing such devices, and related methods of operation and fabrication of such devices are disclosed herein. In at least some embodiments, the devices can serve as flow cytometry devices and/or employ microfluidic channels. Also, in at least some embodiments, the devices are fluidic-photonic integrated circuit (FPIC) devices that employ both fluidic channels and one or more waveguides capable of receiving and/or delivering light, and that can be fabricated using polymeric materials. The fluidic-photonic devices in at least some embodiments are capable of functionality such as on-chip excitation, time-of-flight measurement, and can experience enhanced fluorescence detection sensitivity. In at least some embodiments, the devices employ detection waveguides that are joined by way of a waveguide demultiplexer. In additional embodiments, a variety of techniques can be used to process information received via the waveguides, including an iterative cross-correlation process.

    摘要翻译： 本文公开了许多用于允许光学检测的流体光子学装置，采用这种装置的系统以及这些装置的相关操作和制造方法。 在至少一些实施方案中，装置可以用作流式细胞术装置和/或使用微流体通道。 此外，在至少一些实施例中，装置是采用流体通道和能够接收和/或传送光的一个或多个波导的流体 - 光子学集成电路（FPIC）装置，并且可以使用聚合材料制造。 至少一些实施例中的流体光子学装置能够具有诸如片上激发，飞行时间测量等功能，并且可以体验增强的荧光检测灵敏度。 在至少一些实施例中，器件采用通过波导解复用器连接的检测波导。 在另外的实施例中，可以使用各种技术来处理经由波导接收的信息，包括迭代互相关过程。