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    Chemical milling process for inert anodes
    1.
    发明授权
    Chemical milling process for inert anodes 失效
    惰性阳极的化学研磨工艺

    公开(公告)号：US06440279B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-08-27

    申请号：US09750392

    申请日：2000-12-28

    申请人： Dennis R. De Capite ,  Gary P. Tarcy ,  Susanne M. Opalka ,  Don R. Careatti

    发明人： Dennis R. De Capite ,  Gary P. Tarcy ,  Susanne M. Opalka ,  Don R. Careatti

    IPC分类号： B01D5950

    CPC分类号： C25C3/12 ,  C25C3/06 ,  C25C7/025

    摘要： A cermet inert anode having a reduced level of contaminating surface metal is disclosed. Methods for preparing cermet inert anodes and methods for treating cermet inert anodes are also disclosed. The methods generally use an oxidizing agent to convert metals on the surface of the anode to inert oxides and/or to otherwise remove the metal contaminants. The inert anodes of the present invention may be used in electrolytic reduction cells for the production of commercial purity aluminum, as well as other metals.

    摘要翻译： 公开了具有降低的污染表面金属含量的金属陶瓷惰性阳极。 还公开了制备金属陶瓷惰性阳极的方法和用于处理金属陶瓷惰性阳极的方法。 所述方法通常使用氧化剂将阳极表面上的金属转化为惰性氧化物和/或以其它方式除去金属污染物。 本发明的惰性阳极可以用于生产商业纯度的铝以及其它金属的电解还原电池中。

    Hydrocarbon phosphonic acid surface treatment that eliminates hydrogen absorption and enhances hydrogen degassing of aluminum at elevated temperatures
    3.
    发明授权
    Hydrocarbon phosphonic acid surface treatment that eliminates hydrogen absorption and enhances hydrogen degassing of aluminum at elevated temperatures 失效
    烃膦酸表面处理，消除氢吸收，并在升高的温度下增强铝的脱氢

    公开(公告)号：US6120618A

    公开(公告)日：2000-09-19

    申请号：US349665

    申请日：1999-07-08

    申请人： Susanne M. Opalka

    发明人： Susanne M. Opalka

    IPC分类号： C23C22/56 ,  C23C22/00

    CPC分类号： C23C22/56

    摘要： A method of controlling bulk absorption of atomic hydrogen and facilitating degassing of hydrogen from aluminum alloy workpieces during heat treatments in furnaces with ambient and/or moisture-laden atmospheres by exposing the surface of the workpieces to a low molecular weight solution or dispersion of an alkyl phosphonic acid, an olefinic phosphonic acid or an aryl phosphonic acid before subjecting the workpieces to heat treatments. The workpieces exposed to the phosphonic acid solution or dispersion are subjected to heat treatment in furnaces having ambient or moisture-laden atmospheres. The solution or dispersion involves chemical species that are deposited onto the aluminum surface from the phosphonic acid solution or dispersion which substantially decrease the amount of atomic hydrogen entering the bulk of the workpieces from their surfaces during heat treatment and, in addition, facilitate removal of atomic and molecular hydrogen from the bulk of the workpieces during heat treatment.

    摘要翻译： 通过将工件的表面暴露于低分子量溶液或烷基分散体中，控制原子氢的大量吸收并促进在具有环境和/或含水量的气氛的炉中的热处理期间从铝合金工件脱氢的方法 膦酸，烯属膦酸或芳基膦酸，然后对工件进行热处理。 暴露于膦酸溶液或分散体的工件在具有环境或含水量的气氛的炉中进行热处理。 溶液或分散体包括从膦酸溶液或分散体沉积到铝表面上的化学物质，其在热处理期间从其表面大大减少进入大部分工件的原子氢的量，并且另外还有助于除去原子 和热处理期间大部分工件的分子氢。

    FUEL CELL HAVING A STABILIZED CATHODE CATALYST
    5.
    发明申请
    FUEL CELL HAVING A STABILIZED CATHODE CATALYST 有权
    具有稳定的CATHODE催化剂的燃料电池

    公开(公告)号：US20100316930A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-12-16

    申请号：US12867162

    申请日：2008-05-16

    申请人： Minhua Shao ,  Belabbes Merzougui ,  Patrick L. Hagans ,  Susanne M. Opalka

    发明人： Minhua Shao ,  Belabbes Merzougui ,  Patrick L. Hagans ,  Susanne M. Opalka

    IPC分类号： H01M8/10 ,  H01M4/92

    CPC分类号： H01M4/8647 ,  H01M4/921 ,  H01M8/086 ,  H01M8/1007 ,  H01M2008/1095 ,  Y02E60/521 ,  Y10S977/773 ,  Y10S977/775

    摘要： A fuel cell (70) having an anode (72), a cathode (78) and an electrolyte (76) between the anode (72) and the cathode (78) includes a cathode catalyst (80) formed of a plurality of nanoparticles. Each nanoparticle (20) has a plurality of terraces (26) formed of platinum surface atoms (14), and a plurality of edge (28) and corner regions (29) formed of atoms from a second metal (30)—The cathode catalyst may be formed by combining a platinum nanoparticle with a metal salt in a solution. Ions from the second metal react with platinum and replace platinum atoms on the nanoparticle. The second metal atoms at the corner and edge regions of the nanoparticle, as well as at any surface defects, result in a more stable catalyst structure. In some embodiments, the fuel cell (70) is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the nanoparticles are tetrahedron-shaped. In some embodiments, the fuel cell (70) is a phosphoric acid fuel cell and the nanoparticles are cubic-shaped.

    摘要翻译： 在阳极（72）和阴极（78）之间具有阳极（72），阴极（78）和电解质（76）的燃料电池（70）包括由多个纳米颗粒形成的阴极催化剂（80）。 每个纳米颗粒（20）具有由铂表面原子（14）形成的多个梯田（26），以及由第二金属（30）的原子形成的多个边缘（28）和拐角区域（29）。阴极催化剂 可以通过将铂纳米颗粒与溶液中的金属盐组合而形成。 来自第二金属的离子与铂反应并且替换纳米颗粒上的铂原子。 在纳米颗粒的角落和边缘区域的第二个金属原子以及任何表面缺陷导致更稳定的催化剂结构。 在一些实施例中，燃料电池（70）是质子交换膜燃料电池，并且纳米颗粒是四面体形状。 在一些实施例中，燃料电池（70）是磷酸燃料电池，并且纳米颗粒是立方体形状。

    Systems and Methods for Modeling Surface Properties of a Mechanical Component
    6.
    发明申请
    Systems and Methods for Modeling Surface Properties of a Mechanical Component 审中-公开
    用于建模机械部件表面性能的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20090254286A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-10-08

    申请号：US12084607

    申请日：2005-12-02

    申请人： Sonia Tulyani ,  Alexander Staroselsky ,  Igor I. Fedchenia ,  Hongmei Wen ,  Clark V. Cooper ,  Susanne M. Opalka

    发明人： Sonia Tulyani ,  Alexander Staroselsky ,  Igor I. Fedchenia ,  Hongmei Wen ,  Clark V. Cooper ,  Susanne M. Opalka

    IPC分类号： G06F19/00 ,  G06G7/48

    CPC分类号： G06F17/5009 ,  G01N2203/0073 ,  G01N2203/0214 ,  G06F2217/80

    摘要： There is a method for modeling the surface fatigue life of a mechanical component. The method has the following steps: a) modeling the surface fatigue life of the mechanical component on an atomistic scale to form an atomistic model, b) modeling the surface fatigue life of the mechanical component on a mesoscale to form a mesoscale model, c) modeling the surface fatigue life of the mechanical component on a macroscale to form a macroscale model, and d) testing the surface fatigue life of the mechanical component. Feedback from the macroscale model is employed at least once to validate the atomistic model. Feedback from the macroscale model is employed at least once to validate the mesoscale model. Feedback from the testing is employed at least once to validate the macroscale model. There is also an interactive, multiscale model for prediction surface fatigue life or degradation rate for a mechanical component.

    摘要翻译： 有一种用于建模机械部件的表面疲劳寿命的方法。 该方法具有以下步骤：a）在原子尺度上对机械部件的表面疲劳寿命建模以形成原子模型，b）在中尺度上对机械部件的表面疲劳寿命进行建模以形成中尺度模型，c） 在宏观尺度上对机械部件的表面疲劳寿命建模以形成宏观尺度模型，以及d）测试机械部件的表面疲劳寿命。 至少使用宏观模型的反馈来验证原子模型。 至少使用宏观模型的反馈来验证中尺度模型。 至少一次使用测试的反馈来验证宏观尺度模型。 还有一个用于预测表面疲劳寿命或机械部件的降解速率的交互式多尺度模型。

    STABILIZED PLATINUM CATALYST
    8.
    发明申请
    STABILIZED PLATINUM CATALYST 有权
    稳定的铂催化剂

    公开(公告)号：US20110143934A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-06-16

    申请号：US12867153

    申请日：2008-05-16

    申请人： Minhua Shao ,  Belabbes Merzougui ,  Patrick L. Hagans ,  Susanne M. Opalka

    发明人： Minhua Shao ,  Belabbes Merzougui ,  Patrick L. Hagans ,  Susanne M. Opalka

    IPC分类号： B01J23/42 ,  B01J23/52 ,  B01J23/46 ,  B01J23/656 ,  B01J23/44 ,  B01J23/50 ,  B01J23/652 ,  B01J23/648 ,  B01J21/06 ,  B01J23/68 ,  B82Y30/00

    CPC分类号： B01J35/0013 ,  B01J23/42 ,  B01J23/56 ,  B01J37/0226 ,  B01J37/347 ,  B01J37/348

    摘要： A stabilized platinum nanoparticle has a core portion surrounded by a plurality of outer surfaces. The outer surfaces include terrace regions formed of platinum atoms, and edge and corner regions formed of atoms from a second metal. The stabilized nanoparticle may be formed by combining a platinum nanoparticle with a metal salt in a solution. Ions of the second metal react with platinum and replace platinum atoms on the nanoparticle. Platinum atoms from the edge and corner regions react with the second metal ions quicker than surface atoms from the terraces, due to a greater difference in electrode potential between the platinum atoms at the edge and corner regions, as compared to the second metal in the solution. The platinum nanoparticle may include surface defects, such as steps and kinks, which may also be replaced with atoms of the second metal. In an exemplary embodiment, the platinum nanoparticle is a cathode catalyst in an electro-chemical cell.

    摘要翻译： 稳定的铂纳米颗粒具有由多个外表面包围的芯部分。 外表面包括由铂原子形成的平台区域，以及由第二金属原子形成的边缘和拐角区域。 稳定的纳米颗粒可以通过将铂纳米颗粒与溶液中的金属盐组合而形成。 第二金属的离子与铂反应，并取代纳米颗粒上的铂原子。 由于与溶液中的第二金属相比，在边缘和拐角区域处的铂原子与边缘和角部区域上的铂原子之间的电极电位差异更大，所以来自边缘和角区域的铂原子与第二金属离子比来自梯田的表面原子更快地反应 。 铂纳米颗粒可以包括表面缺陷，例如步骤和扭结，其也可以被第二金属的原子替代。 在示例性实施方案中，铂纳米颗粒是电化学电池中的阴极催化剂。