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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5864430A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-26
申请号：US711783
申请日：1996-09-10
CPC分类号： G02B27/09 , B23K26/073 , G02B27/0927 , G02B27/0955 , H01S3/005
摘要： A method and apparatus maps a Gaussian beam into a beam with a uniform irradiance profile by exploiting the Fourier transform properties of lenses. A phase element imparts a design phase onto an input beam and the output optical field from a lens is then the Fourier transform of the input beam and the phase function from the phase element. The phase element is selected in accordance with a dimensionless parameter which is dependent upon the radius of the incoming beam, the desired spot shape, the focal length of the lens and the wavelength of the input beam. This dimensionless parameter can also be used to evaluate the quality of a system. In order to control the radius of the incoming beam, optics such as a telescope can be employed. The size of the target spot and the focal length can be altered by exchanging the transform lens, but the dimensionless parameter will remain the same. The quality of the system, and hence the value of the dimensionless parameter, can be altered by exchanging the phase element. The dimensionless parameter provides design guidance, system evaluation, and indication as to how to improve a given system.
摘要翻译： 方法和装置通过利用透镜的傅里叶变换特性将高斯光束映射成具有均匀辐照度分布的光束。 相位元件将设计阶段赋予输入光束，并且来自透镜的输出光场是相位元件的输入光束的傅立叶变换和相位函数。 相位元件根据取决于入射光束的半径，所需光斑形状，透镜的焦距和输入光束的波长的无量纲参数来选择。 该无量纲参数也可用于评估系统的质量。 为了控制入射光束的半径，可以使用诸如望远镜的光学器件。 可以通过交换变换透镜来改变目标点的尺寸和焦距，但是无量纲参数将保持不变。 可以通过交换相位元件来改变系统的质量，并因此改变无量纲参数的值。 无量纲参数提供了如何改进给定系统的设计指导，系统评估和指示。
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公开(公告)号：US06381488B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-30
申请号：US09333769
申请日：1999-06-15
申请人： Fred M. Dickey , Scott C. Holswade
发明人： Fred M. Dickey , Scott C. Holswade
IPC分类号： A61B600
摘要： A new device for measuring the depth of surface tissue burns based on the rate at which the skin temperature responds to a sudden differential temperature stimulus. This technique can be performed without physical contact with the burned tissue. In one implementation, time-dependent surface temperature data is taken from subsequent frames of a video signal from an infrared-sensitive video camera. When a thermal transient is created, e.g., by turning off a heat lamp directed at the skin surface, the following time-dependent surface temperature data can be used to determine the skin burn depth. Imaging and non-imaging versions of this device can be implemented, thereby enabling laboratory-quality skin burn depth imagers for hospitals as well as hand-held skin burn depth sensors the size of a small pocket flashlight for field use and triage.
摘要翻译： 一种用于测量表面组织灼伤深度的新装置，其基于皮肤温度对突然差异温度刺激的响应速率。 这种技术可以在与烧伤的组织物理接触的情况下进行。 在一个实施方案中，取自来自红外线敏感摄像机的视频信号的后续帧中的时间相关表面温度数据。 当产生热瞬变时，例如通过关闭指向皮肤表面的加热灯，可以使用随后的时间依赖性表面温度数据来确定皮肤燃烧深度。 可以实现该设备的成像和非成像版本，从而使医院的实验室质量皮肤燃烧深度成像仪以及用于野外使用和分流的小型手电筒的手持皮肤燃烧深度传感器。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5990473A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-23
申请号：US018456
申请日：1998-02-04
申请人： Fred M. Dickey , Scott C. Holswade
发明人： Fred M. Dickey , Scott C. Holswade
CPC分类号： G01D5/34723 , G01D5/347
摘要： An apparatus and method are disclosed for optically sensing motion in a microelectromechanical system (also termed a MEMS device) formed by surface micromachining or LIGA. The apparatus operates by reflecting or scattering a light beam off a corrugated surface (e.g. gear teeth or a reference feature) of a moveable member (e.g. a gear, rack or linkage) within the MEMS device and detecting the reflected or scattered light. The apparatus can be used to characterize a MEMS device, measuring one or more performance characteristic such as spring and damping coefficients, torque and friction, or uniformity of motion of the moveable member. The apparatus can also be used to determine the direction and extent of motion of the moveable member; or to determine a particular mechanical state that a MEMS device is in. Finally, the apparatus and method can be used for providing feedback to the MEMS device to improve performance and reliability.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于在通过表面微加工或LIGA形成的微机电系统（也称为MEMS器件）中光学感测运动的装置和方法。 该装置通过将光束从MEMS器件内的可移动构件（例如，齿轮，齿条或连杆）的波纹表面（例如齿轮齿或参考特征）反射或散射而操作，并检测反射或散射的光。 该装置可以用于表征MEMS装置，测量一个或多个性能特征，例如弹簧和阻尼系数，扭矩和摩擦力，或可移动构件的运动的均匀性。 该装置还可用于确定可移动构件的运动方向和程度; 或者确定MEMS器件处于特定的机械状态。最后，该装置和方法可用于向MEMS器件提供反馈以提高性能和可靠性。
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公开(公告)号：US5955801A
公开(公告)日：1999-09-21
申请号：US982098
申请日：1997-12-01
申请人： Louis A. Romero , Fred M. Dickey
发明人： Louis A. Romero , Fred M. Dickey
CPC分类号： F01C1/14 , F01C1/082 , F16H31/005 , H02K99/20 , F04C2230/00
摘要： A microengine uses two synchronized linear actuators as a power source and converts oscillatory motion from the actuators into constant rotational motion via direct linkage connection to an output gear or wheel. The microengine provides output in the form of a continuously rotating output gear that is capable of delivering drive torque at a constant rotation to a micromechanism. The output gear can have gear teeth on its outer perimeter for directly contacting a micromechanism requiring mechanical power. The gear is retained by a retaining means which allows said gear to rotate freely. The microengine is microfabricated of polysilicon on one wafer using surface micromachining batch fabrication.
摘要翻译： 微型发动机使用两个同步的线性致动器作为动力源，并且通过直接联动连接将转换器从致动器转换为恒定的旋转运动到输出齿轮或轮子。 微型发动机以连续旋转的输出齿轮的形式提供输出，其能够以恒定旋转将驱动力矩传递给微机构。 输出齿轮在其外周上可以具有齿轮齿，用于直接接触需要机械功率的微机械。 齿轮由保持装置保持，该保持装置允许所述齿轮自由旋转。 微型发动机使用表面微加工批量制造在一个晶片上微晶化多晶硅。
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公开(公告)号：US06285904B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-04
申请号：US09536280
申请日：2000-03-27
申请人： Thomas M. Weber , Barry L. Spletzer , Jon R. Bryan , Fred M. Dickey , Richard N. Shagam , Luc Gooris
发明人： Thomas M. Weber , Barry L. Spletzer , Jon R. Bryan , Fred M. Dickey , Richard N. Shagam , Luc Gooris
IPC分类号： A61B600
CPC分类号： A61B5/4872 , A61B5/0059
摘要： A method and apparatus for determining characteristics of tissue is disclosed. The method comprises supplying optical energy to a tissue and detecting at a plurality of locations consequent energy scattered by the tissue. Analysis of the scattered energy as taught herein provides information concerning the properties of the tissue, specifically information related to the fat and lean content and thickness of the tissue. The apparatus comprises a light source adapted to deliver optical energy to a tissue. A plurality of detectors can be mounted at different positions relative to the source to detect energy scattered by the tissue. A signal processor as taught herein can determine characteristics of the tissue from the signals from the detectors and locations of the detectors, specifically information related to the fat and lean content and thickness of the tissue.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于确定组织特征的方法和装置。 该方法包括向组织提供光能并在多个位置检测由此导致的组织散射的能量。 本文教导的分散能量的分析提供了关于组织性质的信息，具体涉及组织的脂肪和贫乏含量和厚度的信息。 该装置包括适于将光能传递给组织的光源。 多个检测器可以安装在相对于源的不同位置，以检测组织散射的能量。 如本文教导的信号处理器可以根据来自检测器的信号和检测器的位置来确定组织的特征，具体是与组织的脂肪和贫乏含量以及厚度有关的信息。
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公开(公告)号：US5806521A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-15
申请号：US622129
申请日：1996-03-26
CPC分类号： A61B8/5238 , A61B8/0858 , A61B8/14 , A61B8/4209 , A61B8/463 , A61B8/5276
摘要： An imaging apparatus and method for use in presenting composite two dimensional and three dimensional images from individual ultrasonic frames. A cross-sectional reconstruction is applied by using digital ultrasound frames, transducer orientation and a known center. Motion compensation, rank value filtering, noise suppression and tissue classification are utilized to optimize the composite image.
摘要翻译： 一种用于从各个超声波框架呈现复合二维和三维图像的成像设备和方法。 通过使用数字超声波框架，换能器取向和已知的中心来应用横截面重建。 利用运动补偿，秩值滤波，噪声抑制和组织分类优化复合图像。
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公开(公告)号：US4188533A
公开(公告)日：1980-02-12
申请号：US867794
申请日：1978-01-09
摘要： An infrared window transmittance tester utilized for measuring the transmission of windows used in military and commercial infrared imaging systems.
摘要翻译： 用于测量军用和商业红外成像系统中使用的窗户传输的红外窗透光率测试仪。
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8.发明授权Apparatus and method of converting an image on a transparency to line art on a recording medium 失效将透明度上的图像转换为记录介质上的线条图像的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US4231656A
公开(公告)日：1980-11-04
申请号：US24740
申请日：1979-03-28
申请人： Fred M. Dickey , Jerry R. White , James Crill
发明人： Fred M. Dickey , Jerry R. White , James Crill
IPC分类号： G03B27/72
CPC分类号： G03B27/727
摘要： An apparatus and method of converting an image on a transparency such as photographic film to line art on a recording medium so that the line art may be microfilmed. The invention, through the use of optical processing techniques, greatly simplifies the conversion of continuous tone and half tone photographs to line art which heretofore had to be manually traced prior to microfilming the line art.
摘要翻译： 将诸如摄影胶片的透明度上的图像转换成记录介质上的线条艺术的设备和方法，使得线条艺术可以被微缩胶卷化。 通过使用光学处理技术，本发明极大地简化了连续色调和半色调照片到线条艺术的转换，其在线材艺术之前必须手动追踪。
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公开(公告)号：US20130180966A1
公开(公告)日：2013-07-18
申请号：US13695112
申请日：2011-05-04
申请人： Jeffrey M. Gross , William L. D'Agostino , Lev Drubetsky , Alexander Naimagon , Jacob D. Conner , Kevin R. Whitworth , Ryan T. Woolsey , Fred M. Dickey
发明人： Jeffrey M. Gross , William L. D'Agostino , Lev Drubetsky , Alexander Naimagon , Jacob D. Conner , Kevin R. Whitworth , Ryan T. Woolsey , Fred M. Dickey
摘要： A laser-machining system and method is disclosed for forming retainers on a suture thread. The laser system is preferably a femtosecond laser system which is capable of creating submicron features on the suture thread while preserving strength of the suture thread. The laser-machining system enables creation of retainers and self-retaining suture systems in configurations which are difficult and/or impossible to achieve using mechanical cutting technology.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在缝合线上形成保持器的激光加工系统和方法。 激光系统优选是飞秒激光系统，其能够在保持缝合线的强度的同时在缝合线上产生亚微米特征。 激光加工系统能够在使用机械切割技术难以和/或不可能实现的结构中创建保持器和自固位缝合系统。
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公开(公告)号：US4421409A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-20
申请号：US196689
申请日：1980-10-14
CPC分类号： G01B11/285
摘要： An optical apparatus and method for measuring the percent of open area of a perforated sheet. The apparatus and method based on Fourier optics uses a light detector which measures only a small central portion of the light in a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the perforated sheet. The ratiometer offers both accurancy and speed in the measuring of the percent of open area while avoiding diffraction problems which are characteristic with arrays of small holes in the perforated sheet. Also, the invention can be used with both opaque and translucent materials.
摘要翻译： 用于测量多孔板的开口面积百分比的光学装置和方法。 基于傅立叶光学器件的装置和方法使用光检测器，其仅在穿孔板的弗劳恩霍夫衍射图中测量光的小中心部分。 在测量开放面积的百分比的同时，比率计提供了准确性和速度，同时避免了穿孔板中小孔阵列特征的衍射问题。 此外，本发明可以与不透明和半透明材料一起使用。
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