摘要:
Implantable enzymatic sensors (25, 43, 44) for biochemicals such as glucose are provided having an ideal size and geometry for optional long term implantation and linear responses over the concentration ranges of interest. The sensors (25, 43, 44) include an elongated body (10, 26, 46) supporting an indicating electrode section having an appropriate enzyme immobilized thereon to present an enzymatic indicating surface (21, 33, 54). A permeable synthetic polymer membrane (24, 42, 56) is applied over the sensor body (10, 26, 46) to protect the enzyme and regulate diffusion of analyte therethrough, to ensure linearity of sensor response. The sensors (25, 43) are of flexible design and can be implanted using a catheter. Alternately, the sensor (44) includes an internal indicating electrode body (46) housed within an apertured, hollow needle (48). A holder (66) affixed to the needle (48) allows for easy manipulation and implantation of the sensor (44).
摘要:
This invention relates to a method of extracting crude polysaccharide by microwave-assisted from Artemisia sphaerocephala seed de-oiling dregs. In particular, the invention comprising: microwave-assisted extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, dialysis et. al. It provides a technique whereby the polysaccharide can be extracted effectively, in a relatively short period of time (20-30 min) with respect to conventional extraction methods and allows for an enhanced extraction yield (more than 30%). Furthermore, the invention also allows for the extraction of material with less solvent consumption, good reproducibility, excellent solubility, energy conservation, environmental protection, and showed great potential for efficient sample preparation and large-scale industrial application in the near future. With great resource advantage of Artemisia sphaerocephala in China, the invention has bright perspectives in promoting local economic development.
摘要:
The invention provides methods and apparatus for detecting an analyte in blood. The apparatus is particularly suited for bringing a sensor into direct contact with blood in vivo. The apparatus comprises a sensor that detects the presence of an analyte and an assembly means. The assembly means has a sensor end, wherein the sensor end of the assembly means is affixed to the sensor, and the assembly means is adapted for coupling with a venous flow device. By coupling with a venous flow device, the assembly means brings the sensor into direct contact with blood flowing through the venous flow device. Examples of venous flow devices that bring the sensor into direct contact with the blood of a subject include, but are not limited to, intravenous catheters and external blood loops, such as are used in extra corporeal membrane oxygenation or hemodialysis.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for enhancing the integrity of an implantable sensor. Voids formed between an outer tubing and a sensor substrate or spacing element may be back-filled with a curable, implantable material, minimizing the extent to which unwanted fluids diffuse within the sensor. An enzyme or protein matrix pellet below the sensor window may be pre-treated with a reducing agent to enhance its bond stability, and to reduce undesired swelling that may cause the sensor window to detach or leak. The bonding between the enzyme pellet and a hydrogel layer may be reinforced by application of an intervening bonding layer of a protein material, such as human serum albumin (HSA). The size of the window may be minimized by minimizing the size of an underlying electrode, providing reduced flux and lengthening sensor. A coating may be deposited on the surface of the sensor leads, providing stiffening and lubrication.
摘要:
A system and method for calibrating a sensor. The method may include, without limitation, compiling an array of data relating to the sensor; adjusting a sensor parameter a first time based on data in the array; adjusting a curve representing the sensor output based on data in the array; and adjusting the sensor parameter a second time based on data in the array. The sensor may be an in vivo glucose sensor and the sensor parameter adjusted may be a current. The array may include historical as well as recent data, such as, for example, blood glucose readings and sensor electrode readings.
摘要:
An implantable sensing system that includes a sensor for sensing a biological parameter, a processor connected to the sensor for processing the parameter and a drug delivery unit connected to the processor for responding to the processor based on the parameter. The processor is programmed to adjust an output of the sensor by compiling an array of data relating to the sensor, adjusting a sensor parameter a first time based on data in the array, adjusting a curve representing the sensor output based on data in the array and adjusting the sensor parameter a second time based on data in the array.
摘要:
A sensing apparatus with a connector, a sensor lead and a sensor module with a spacer placed over electrodes that have been deposited on a substrate. The spacer may have a space for receiving an enzyme. End portions of the sensor module may be encapsulated, such as with molded beads. A sensor lead may attach to the sensor module and may have an outer tubing that passes over the module and attaches to the beads at the end of the sensor module. The sensor lead may also attach to the connector such that the sensing apparatus may be electrically coupled to a pump, electronics or other devices. The sensing apparatus may be implanted into a vein or artery.
摘要:
Electrochemical biosensors consisting of two or more needle-shaped electrodes for monitoring of molecules such as glucose in the subcutaneous tissue are provided. The two electrodes are parallel to each other, and are fixed perpendicularly to the planar side of a sensor base which provides skin fixation and electric connection. The needle electrodes are made of rigid conducting materials, capable of inserting into the skin without the need of catheters. One electrode is the sensing electrode and the other, the reference electrode. A compound sensing membrane is attached onto the sensing electrode surface to detect analyzed molecules.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for enhancing the integrity of an implantable sensor. Voids formed between an outer tubing and a sensor substrate or spacing element may be back-filled with a curable, implantable material, minimizing the extent to which unwanted fluids diffuse within the sensor. An enzyme or protein matrix pellet below the sensor window may be pre-treated with a reducing agent to enhance its bond stability, and to reduce undesired swelling that may cause the sensor window to detach or leak. The bonding between the enzyme pellet and a hydrogel layer may be reinforced by application of an intervening bonding layer of a protein material, such as human serum albumin (HSA). The size of the window may be minimized by minimizing the size of an underlying electrode, providing reduced flux and lengthening sensor. A coating may be deposited on the surface of the sensor leads, providing stiffening and lubrication.