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公开(公告)号：US10371753B1
公开(公告)日：2019-08-06
申请号：US14578427
申请日：2014-12-20
Applicant: HRL Laboratories, LLC
Inventor： Shuoqin Wang , John Wang , Souren Soukiazian , Jason A. Graetz
IPC: H01M10/48 , G01R31/36 , G01R31/382
Abstract: In some variations, a method of real-time monitoring of battery capacity comprises correlating electrode open-circuit voltage with electrode state of charge for a selected electrode; compiling a look-up table to correlate the electrode open-circuit voltage with the electrode capacity at different values of the active-material capacity; during real-time operation, identifying first and second times at which battery terminal voltages are approximated as battery open-circuit voltages; and calculating battery capacity based on the difference in battery open-circuit voltages at the first and second times, current integration, and the look-up table. No reference electrode is needed, and a complete battery charge/discharge is not necessary to determine the capacity. This technique can therefore be implemented on-board and in real time to provide reliable capacity estimation even as the battery ages. The methods are applicable to various metal-ion secondary battery systems, including lithium-ion batteries, with different material chemistries.
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公开(公告)号：US09905857B1
公开(公告)日：2018-02-27
申请号：US15067297
申请日：2016-03-11
Applicant: HRL Laboratories, LLC
Inventor： Adam F. Gross , John Wang , Andrew P. Nowak
CPC classification number: H01M4/808 , C25D3/38 , C25D5/00 , C25D5/16 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/661 , H01M4/74 , H01M4/745 , H01M4/86 , H01M4/8621 , H01M2004/021
Abstract: This invention provides metal-foam electrodes for batteries and fuel cells. In some variations, an electrode includes a first metal layer disposed on a second metal layer, wherein the first metal layer comprises an electrically conductive, open-cell metal foam with an average cell diameter of about 25 μm or less. The structure also includes smaller pores between the cells. The electrode forms a one piece monolithic structure and allows thicker electrodes than are possible with current electrode-fabrication techniques. These electrodes are formed from an all-fluidic plating solution. The disclosed structures increase energy density in batteries and power density in fuel cells.
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公开(公告)号：US09880061B2
公开(公告)日：2018-01-30
申请号：US14303132
申请日：2014-06-12
Applicant: HRL Laboratories, LLC
Inventor： John Wang , Shuoqin Wang , Souren Soukiazian , Jason A. Graetz
CPC classification number: G01K13/00 , G01K7/427 , G01R31/3606 , G01R31/3624 , G01R31/3651 , G01R31/3662 , G01R31/3675
Abstract: The internal temperature of an electrochemical device may be probed without a thermocouple, infrared detector, or other auxiliary device to measure temperature. Some methods include exciting an electrochemical device with a driving profile; acquiring voltage and current data from the electrochemical device, in response to the driving profile; calculating an impulse response from the current and voltage data; calculating an impedance spectrum of the electrochemical device from the impulse response; calculating a state-of-charge of the electrochemical device; and then estimating internal temperature of the electrochemical device based on a temperature-impedance-state-of-charge relationship. The electrochemical device may be a battery, fuel cell, electrolytic cell, or capacitor, for example. The procedure is useful for on-line applications which benefit from real-time temperature sensing capabilities during operations. These methods may be readily implemented as part of a device management and safety system.
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4.发明授权公开(公告)号：US09847558B1
公开(公告)日：2017-12-19
申请号：US14512128
申请日：2014-10-10
Applicant: HRL Laboratories, LLC
Inventor： Shuoqin Wang , John Wang , Souren Soukiazian , Elena Sherman
CPC classification number: G01R31/3624 , G01D21/00 , G06F17/16 , G06F17/40 , G06F19/00 , H01M10/052 , H01M10/425 , H01M10/48
Abstract: The disclosed battery system comprises a three-electrode metal-ion battery configured with voltage meters connected between anode and cathode, between anode and a reference electrode, and between cathode and the reference electrode; a current source connecting the anode and cathode; and a programmable computer. The system is configured to control the current source to drive the battery with a current cycling profile, and to measure current signals between anode and cathode, and voltage signals derived from the voltage meters. An impulse response is then calculated for each of the anode and cathode, to dynamically estimate open-circuit potential and impedance of each of the anode and cathode. Battery aging, battery capacity fading, and other diagnostics are provided in real time. This invention can characterize each individual electrode of a battery, even when the battery is cycling away from equilibrium states, which is important for electric vehicles.
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公开(公告)号：US09719863B1
公开(公告)日：2017-08-01
申请号：US14194724
申请日：2014-03-01
Applicant: HRL Laboratories, LLC
Inventor： Chia-Ming Chang , John Wang , Geoffrey P McKnight , Ping Liu
Abstract: A thermomagnetic sensor, measurement system and a method of measuring temperature employ a thermomagnetic probe to measure temperature of a device using a thermomagnetic effect. The thermomagnetic sensor includes a plurality of coils configured to provide a mutual inductance measurement between a selected pair of coils of the plurality and the thermomagnetic probe between the selected pair. The thermomagnetic probe includes a ferromagnetic material having a temperature-dependent magnetic permeability determined from the mutual inductance measurement. A predetermined relationship between the temperature-dependent magnetic permeability and temperature in a range between a maximum magnetic permeability value and a Curie temperature provides a measurement of a temperature local to the thermomagnetic probe.
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Patent Agency Ranking
6.发明授权公开(公告)号：US09590228B1
公开(公告)日：2017-03-07
申请号：US14530753
申请日：2014-11-02
Applicant: HRL Laboratories, LLC
Inventor： John Wang , Tobias A. Schaedler , Christopher S. Roper , Christopher P. Henry , Alan J. Jacobsen , Ping Liu , Geoffrey P. McKnight , William Carter
IPC: H01M2/36 , H01M10/613 , H01M2/40 , H01M10/0525 , H01M10/054
CPC classification number: H01M2/362 , H01M2/38 , H01M2/40 , H01M4/661 , H01M4/70 , H01M10/0525 , H01M10/054 , H01M10/613 , H01M10/654 , H01M2220/20
Abstract: A new battery structure as disclosed allows convective flow of electrolyte through three-dimensional structured electrodes. Hierarchical battery structure design enables three-dimensional metal structures with fluid transport capabilities. Some variations provide a lithium-ion battery system with convective electrolyte flow, comprising: a positive electrode comprising a lithium-containing electrode material and a conductive network with hollow liquid-transport conduits; a negative electrode comprising a lithium-containing electrode material in the conductive network; a separator that electronically isolates the positive and negative electrodes; and a liquid electrolyte contained within the hollow liquid-transport conduits of the conductive network. The hollow liquid-transport conduits serve as structural members, and the walls of these conduits serve as current collectors. The conductive networks may include a micro-lattice structure with a cellular material formed of hollow tubes. Performance and thermal management of lithium-ion batteries (and other types of batteries) can be improved.
Abstract translation: 所公开的新的电池结构允许电解质通过三维结构电极的对流。 分层电池结构设计使三维金属结构具有流体传输能力。 一些变型提供具有对流电解质流的锂离子电池系统，包括：包含含锂电极材料的正电极和具有中空液体输送导管的导电网络; 在导电网中包含含锂电极材料的负极; 电子隔离正极和负极的隔膜; 以及包含在导电网络的中空液体输送管道内的液体电解质。 中空的液体输送导管用作结构构件，并且这些导管的壁用作集流器。 导电网络可以包括具有由中空管形成的多孔材料的微格结构。 可以提高锂离子电池（和其他类型的电池）的性能和热管理。
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公开(公告)号：US09379418B2
公开(公告)日：2016-06-28
申请号：US13923354
申请日：2013-06-20
Applicant: HRL Laboratories, LLC
Inventor： John Wang , Ping Liu , Elena Sherman , Souren Soukiazian , Mark Verbrugge
IPC: H01M14/00 , H01M10/48 , G01R31/36 , H01M10/04 , H01M10/0525 , H01M10/42 , H01M4/70 , H01M10/058
CPC classification number: H01M10/48 , G01R31/362 , H01M4/70 , H01M10/0431 , H01M10/0525 , H01M10/058 , H01M10/425 , H01M10/488 , Y02E60/122
Abstract: A lithium-ion battery structure with a third electrode as reference electrode is disclosed. The reference electrode may be fabricated from lithium metal, lithiated carbon, or a variety of other lithium-containing electrode materials. A porous current collector allows permeation of reference lithium ions from the reference electrode to the cathode or anode, enabling voltage monitoring under actual operation of a lithium-ion battery. The reference electrode therefore does not need to be spatially between the battery anode and cathode, thus avoiding a shielding effect. The battery structure includes an external reference circuit to dynamically display the anode and cathode voltage. The battery structure can result in improved battery monitoring, enhanced battery safety, and extended battery life.
Abstract translation: 公开了一种具有第三电极作为参比电极的锂离子电池结构。 参考电极可以由锂金属，锂化碳或各种其它含锂电极材料制成。 多孔集电器允许参考锂离子从参考电极渗透到阴极或阳极，使得能够在锂离子电池的实际操作下进行电压监测。 因此，参考电极不需要在电池阳极和阴极之间的空间上，从而避免了屏蔽效应。 电池结构包括用于动态显示阳极和阴极电压的外部参考电路。 电池结构可以改善电池监控，增强电池安全性，延长电池寿命。
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公开(公告)号：US09337493B1
公开(公告)日：2016-05-10
申请号：US14304931
申请日：2014-06-15
Applicant: HRL Laboratories, LLC
Inventor： Adam F. Gross , John Wang , Andrew P. Nowak
CPC classification number: H01M4/808 , C25D3/38 , C25D5/00 , C25D5/16 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/661 , H01M4/74 , H01M4/745 , H01M4/86 , H01M4/8621 , H01M2004/021
Abstract: This invention provides metal-foam electrodes for batteries and fuel cells. In some variations, an electrode includes a first metal layer disposed on a second metal layer, wherein the first metal layer comprises an electrically conductive, open-cell metal foam with an average cell diameter of about 25 μm or less. The structure also includes smaller pores between the cells. The electrode forms a one piece monolithic structure and allows thicker electrodes than are possible with current electrode-fabrication techniques. These electrodes are formed from an all-fluidic plating solution. The disclosed structures increase energy density in batteries and power density in fuel cells.
Abstract translation: 本发明提供了用于电池和燃料电池的金属泡沫电极。 在一些变型中，电极包括设置在第二金属层上的第一金属层，其中第一金属层包括平均泡孔直径为约25μm或更小的导电的开孔金属泡沫。 该结构还包括细胞之间较小的孔。 电极形成一体的单块结构，并且允许比当前电极制造技术可能的电极更厚的电极。 这些电极由全流体电镀液形成。 所公开的结构增加了电池中的能量密度和燃料电池中的功率密度。
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公开(公告)号：US09742042B2
公开(公告)日：2017-08-22
申请号：US14551003
申请日：2014-11-22
Applicant: HRL Laboratories, LLC
Inventor： Shuoqin Wang , John Wang , Jason A. Graetz , Souren Soukiazian , Elena Sherman , Ping Liu , Mark Verbrugge
IPC: H01M10/48 , H01M10/42 , G01R31/36 , G01N27/416 , H01M10/052
CPC classification number: H01M10/4285 , G01N27/4161 , G01R31/3606 , G01R31/362 , G01R31/3624 , G01R31/3679 , H01M10/052 , H01M10/4221 , H01M10/48
Abstract: In some variations, an apparatus provides real-time monitoring of voltage and differential voltage of both anode and cathode in a battery configured with at least one reference electrode. Voltage monitors are connected to a computer programmed for receiving anode voltage signals; receiving cathode voltage signals; calculating the derivative of the anode voltage with respect to time or with respect to capacity; and calculating the derivative of the cathode voltage with respect to time or with respect to capacity. Other variations provide an apparatus for real-time assessment of capacities of both anode and cathode in a battery, comprising a computer programmed for receiving electrode voltage signals; estimating first and second electrode open-circuit voltages at two different times, and correlating the first and second electrode open-circuit voltages to first and second electrode states of charge, respectively, for each of anode and cathode. The anode and cathode capacities may then be estimated independently.
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公开(公告)号：US09733312B1
公开(公告)日：2017-08-15
申请号：US15196030
申请日：2016-06-29
Applicant: HRL Laboratories, LLC
Inventor： Shuoqin Wang , Ping Liu , John Wang
CPC classification number: G01R31/3651 , G01R31/362 , G01R31/3624 , G01R31/3679 , G06F15/00 , H01M8/02 , H01M10/42
Abstract: The present invention provides impulse-response-based algorithms for high-speed characterization of electrochemical systems (e.g., batteries) with good accuracy. In some variations, a method for dynamic characterization of an electrochemical system comprises selecting an electrochemical system to be characterized; sensing the measured current to or from said electrochemical system; sensing the measured voltage across said electrochemical system; sensing or calculating the time derivatives of the measured current and voltage; and calculating an impulse response using a recursive or matrix-based algorithm (as disclosed herein), wherein said impulse response characterizes said electrochemical system within a selected sampling window. The algorithms are robust, incorporating noise-reduction techniques, and are suitable for real applications under various operating conditions. These algorithms, and the apparatus and systems to implement them, are able to accept various exciting signals to provide dynamic characterization of various states of the electrochemical system.
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