摘要:
A particulate filter is provided in an exhaust system of the engine. Parameter values correlated with a flow amount of exhaust gas of the engine are determined, and differential pressure between upstream and downstream sides of the particulate filter is determined. The ratio of a variation rate of the parameter values correlated with the exhaust flow amount to a variation rate of the differential pressure is compared with a predetermined threshold value during transitional operation of the engine to determine the state of the particulate filter.
摘要:
Deterioration of a catalyst provided in an exhaust system of the engine is determined. Air-fuel ratio sensors are provided in the upstream side and the downstream side of the catalyst. Air-fuel ratio is changed. Based on the sensor outputs in the upstream die and the downstream side of the catalyst, a parameter of a catalyst model representing a state of the catalyst is identified. The parameter is compared with a threshold to determine a state of the catalyst.
摘要:
A particulate filter is provided in an exhaust system of the engine. Parameter values correlated with a flow amount of exhaust gas of the engine are determined, and differential pressure between upstream and downstream sides of the particulate filter is determined. The ratio of a variation rate of the parameter values correlated with the exhaust flow amount to a variation rate of the differential pressure is compared with a predetermined threshold value during transitional operation of the engine to determine the state of the particulate filter.
摘要:
Deterioration of a catalyst provided in an exhaust system of the engine is determined. Air-fuel ratio sensors are provided in the upstream side and the downstream side of the catalyst. Air-fuel ratio is changed. Based on the sensor outputs in the upstream die and the downstream side of the catalyst, a parameter of a catalyst model representing a state of the catalyst is identified. The parameter is compared with a threshold to determine a state of the catalyst.
摘要:
An underwater foundation leveling device is capable of preventing a slack wire connected to a support element with a plumb weight from colliding with reflectors. The reflectors 5 are provided for measurement of a position of a leveling area, around an upper portion of the support element 2 supporting the plumb weight for leveling riprap surface of underwater foundation. The support element is hoisted with the wire 4 and then made fall by its own weight for leveling for the foundation surface. The reflectors reflect light toward a light receiving unit for a position detection for the leveling area. The device comprises, a protective element 8 preventing the slack wire 4 from hitting the reflectors, and a light passage located in a position allowing an optical path of the light reflected from the reflectors to travel toward the light receiving unit.
摘要:
This invention is directed to provide a method of manufacturing a resin molded semiconductor device with high reliability by preventing a resin leakage portion from occurring due to burrs on a lead frame formed by punching. The method of manufacturing the resin molded semiconductor device according to the invention includes bonding a semiconductor die on an island in a lead frame, electrically connecting the semiconductor die with the lead frame, resin-molding the lead frame on which the semiconductor die is bonded, and applying prior to the resin-molding a compressive pressure that is higher than a clamping pressure applied in the resin-molding to a region of the lead frame being clamped by molds in the resin-molding of the lead frame.
摘要:
Provided is a ceramic powder for a green sheet that gives a low-temperature fired ceramic substrate that can be fired at a temperature of 900° C. or lower and has excellent dielectric properties in the higher frequency bands such as microwave and millimeter-wave bands, has a low hygroscopicity, and has minor warping and creasing even in the case of co-firing with a silver-based conductor paste, the ceramic powder for a green sheet including a glass powder and an alumina powder, in which the glass powder contains 35 to 39% by weight of SiO2, 9 to 17% by weight of Al2O3, 21 to 40% by weight of B2O3, 10 to 20% by weight of R′O, wherein R′ is one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca and Ba, 0.2 to 2% by weight of Li2O, and 0.5 to 2% by weight of MO2, wherein M is one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of Ti and Zr, so that the total is 100% by weight.
摘要翻译:本发明提供一种生坯用陶瓷粉末,其能够在900℃以下的温度下焙烧的低温烧结陶瓷基板,并且在微波和毫米波带等较高频带中具有优异的介电性能 即使在与银基导体膏共烧的情况下也具有微小的翘曲和褶皱,包含玻璃粉末和氧化铝粉末的生片的陶瓷粉末,其中玻璃粉末含有 35〜39重量%的SiO 2,9〜17重量%的Al 2 O 3 3,21〜40重量% B 2 O 3,10〜20重量%的R'O,其中R'为选自Mg,Ca和Ba中的一种或多种, 0.2〜2重量%的Li 2 O和0.5〜2重量%的MO 2,其中M为选自Ti 和Zr,使得总量为100重量%。
摘要:
A cellulase is provided having the following properties: (1) an optimum pH of from 9.5 to 10.5 as measured using carboxymethylcellulose as a substrate; (2) a stable pH of from 6 to 11 as measured using carboxymethylcellulose as a substrate after treating at 30.degree. C. and for 30 minutes; (3) an optimum temperature of about 55.degree. C. as measured using carboxymethylcellulose as a substrate; (4) influence of a surfactant being such that residual activity is 90% or more after treatment at 30.degree. C. and pH of 9.0 for 2 hours in the presence of a sodium n-alkylbenzenesulfonate; (5) a molecular weight of 52,000.+-.2,000 as measured by electrophoresis on SDS-polyacrylamide gel; and (6) an isoelectric point of 4.2.+-.0.2 as measured by isoelectric electrophoresis. The cellulase is produced by Bacillus FERM BP-3431 or a mutant strain thereof. Also disclosed is a detergent comprising the cellulase, a builder and a surfactant. A composition and a method of treating a paper pulp slurry is also disclosed.
摘要:
An apparatus for checking out purchases which includes a commodity counter with a commodity bearing surface which is flat and elongated leftward and rightward and a commodity reader portion provided on the aforesaid commodity counter in its center leaving a passage for a basket in front of the same, the commodity reader portion being provided with a reading window made in its front face and with a control portion and a display portion disposed above the same.
摘要:
A method of removing a nitrogen oxide from an exhaust containing the same which comprises preparing an absorbent solution by adding divalent copper ions alone or a mixture of the divalent copper ions and divalent manganese ions to an acid aqueous solution containing sulfites or acid sulfites of ammonium, alkaline metals, or alkaline earth metals or a mixture of two or more of these compounds; and introducing the plant exhaust into the absorbent solution to carry out reaction between the sulfite radical of the absorbent solution and the nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust to reduce the nitrogen oxides to nitrogen gas.