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公开(公告)号：US4728174A
公开(公告)日：1988-03-01
申请号：US927580
申请日：1986-11-06
申请人： Jan Grinberg , Nobuo J. Koda , Phillip G. Reif , William P. Bleha, Jr. , Murray S. Welkowsky , Arno G. Ledebuhr
发明人： Jan Grinberg , Nobuo J. Koda , Phillip G. Reif , William P. Bleha, Jr. , Murray S. Welkowsky , Arno G. Ledebuhr
IPC分类号： G02F1/13 , G02F1/133 , G02F1/1333 , G09F9/35 , G09G3/18
CPC分类号： G02F1/133348
摘要： An electron beam addressed crystal light valve (LCLV) produces an AC voltage across a liquid crystal layer from a single polarity electron beam, and exhibits very high resolution. A mirror and a thin layer of partially conductive material are deposited on a support membrane on the electron beam side of the liquid crystal. The partially conductive layer is divided into a series of pixel elements by a conductive matrix which faces the electron beam. Electrons from the beam are absorbed by the partially conductive layer to establish a negative voltage across the liquid crystal, and then flow out to the conductive matrix to produce an AC voltage prior to the next electron beam scan. The conductive matrix is connected in circuit with a transparent electrode which provides a voltage reference on the readout side of the liquid crystal. The elements of the device are designed with electrical parameters that produce a discharge rate from the partially conductive layer fast enough to complete an AC cycle between successive electron beam scans, but slow enough for the liquid crystal to respond and produce an image.
摘要翻译： 电子束寻址晶体光阀（LCLV）从单极性电子束产生跨液晶层的交流电压，表现出非常高的分辨率。 在液晶的电子束侧的支撑膜上沉积有反射镜和薄层的部分导电材料。 部分导电层通过面向电子束的导电矩阵分成一系列像素元件。 来自光束的电子被部分导电层吸收，以在液晶两端建立负电压，然后在下一个电子束扫描之前流出到导电矩阵以产生交流电压。 导电矩阵与在液晶的读出侧提供电压基准的透明电极连接在一起。 器件的元件设计有电气参数，其从部分导电层产生放电速率足够快以在连续的电子束扫描之间完成AC循环，但是足够慢以使液晶响应并产生图像。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4826293A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-02
申请号：US21381
申请日：1987-03-03
申请人： Jan Grinberg , Nubuo J. Koda , Philip G. Reif , William P. Bleha , Murray S. Welkowsky , Arno G. Ledebuhr
发明人： Jan Grinberg , Nubuo J. Koda , Philip G. Reif , William P. Bleha , Murray S. Welkowsky , Arno G. Ledebuhr
IPC分类号： G02F1/135 , G02F1/13 , G02F1/133 , G02F1/1333
CPC分类号： G02F1/133348
摘要： An electron beam addressed liquid crystal light valve (LCLV) produces an AC voltage across a liquid crystal layer from a single polarity electron beam, and exhibits very high resolution. A thin layer of partially conductive material is deposited on a support membrane on the electron beam side of the liquid crystal. A conductive, electron beam permeable sheet is formed on the back of the partially conductive layer. Electrons from the beam are absorbed by the partially conductive layer, and then flow back out to the conductive sheet to produce an AC voltage prior to the next electron beam scan. The conductive sheet is connected in circuit with a transparent electrode which provides a voltage reference on the readout side of the liquid crystal. The device is designed with electrical parameters that produce a discharge rate from the partially conductive layer fast enough to complete an AC cycle between successive electron beam scans, but slow enough for the liquid crystal to respond and produce an image. A separate mirror can be provided to reflect the readout beam back through the liquid crystal, or the conductive sheet can itself serve as a mirror.
摘要翻译： 电子束寻址液晶光阀（LCLV）从单极性电子束产生跨液晶层的交流电压，表现出非常高的分辨率。 部分导电材料的薄层沉积在液晶的电子束侧的支撑膜上。 在部分导电层的背面形成导电的电子束透过片。 来自光束的电子被部分导电层吸收，然后在下一个电子束扫描之前流回导电片以产生交流电压。 导电片与在液晶的读出侧提供电压基准的透明电极连接。 该器件设计有电参数，其从部分导电层产生放电速率足够快以在连续的电子束扫描之间完成AC循环，但是足够慢以使液晶响应并产生图像。 可以提供单独的反射镜以将读出的光束反射回液晶，或者导电片本身可以用作反射镜。
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公开(公告)号：US4198647A
公开(公告)日：1980-04-15
申请号：US4107
申请日：1979-01-17
CPC分类号： G02F1/1354
摘要： This invention is directed to a semiconductor structure that includes at least one wafer that is fully depleted of all mobile carriers and is used as a medium for the movement of spatially modulated signal represented by charge carriers through the wafer with a spatial resolution that is smaller than the thickness of the wafer. This may be used in the form of a continuous high resolution silicon photodiode substrate to serve as an image input means for an electro-optical display medium, such as a liquid crystal. Next to the photoactivated substrate is a liquid crystal and next to the crystal is a transparent electrode. The photodiode is reverse biased and both of its sides are depleted of all mobile charges throughout its entire thickness. Thus, charges generated in the substrate move to the display not by diffusion as in prior art devices (e.g. the solid state silicon vidicon) but by the influence of the electric field which tends to minimize their lateral spread and thereby achieves a high spatial resolution in spite of the continuous character of this silicon diode device.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种半导体结构，该半导体结构包括至少一个完全耗尽所有移动载波的晶片，并且用作用于通过晶片以空间分辨率移动由电荷载体表示的空间调制信号的介质，其空间分辨率小于 晶片的厚度。 这可以以连续的高分辨率硅光电二极管基板的形式使用，以用作诸如液晶的电光显示介质的图像输入装置。 在光活化基板的旁边是液晶，并且在晶体旁边是透明电极。 光电二极管是反向偏置的，并且其两侧在整个厚度上都耗尽所有移动电荷。 因此，在现有技术的装置（例如，固态硅摄像机）中，在衬底中产生的电荷不会像扩散一样移动到显示器上，而是通过电场的影响，使得它们的横向扩展趋于最小化，从而实现高空间分辨率 尽管这种硅二极管器件具有连续的特性。
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公开(公告)号：US4093357A
公开(公告)日：1978-06-06
申请号：US784894
申请日：1977-04-05
CPC分类号： G02F1/135 , G02F1/1533 , G02F2001/1351
摘要： There is disclosed an anisotropically conductive interface comprising a plurality of cermet and dielectric layers for use in electro-optical devices to separate a substrate driver from an electro-optical display medium to prevent display light from affecting the driver. The substrate may be a photosensor, a charge coupled device or other matrix addressing circuitry arrangement. In general the substrate is one which can provide spatially modulated voltage and/or current patterns. The display medium may be a liquid crystal, an electro-chromic, an electro-luminescent material or the like. The interface provides direct current conductivity through the interface, insulative maintenance of the spatial modulation of the signal across the interface, light reflectivity, and high attenuation of transmitted light.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种各向异性导电界面，其包括用于电光装置的多个金属陶瓷和电介质层，以将基板驱动器与电光显示介质分离，以防止显示光影响驱动器。 衬底可以是光电传感器，电荷耦合器件或其他矩阵寻址电路装置。 通常，衬底是可以提供空间调制的电压和/或电流图案的衬底。 显示介质可以是液晶，电致铬，电致发光材料等。 该接口通过接口提供直流电导率，绝缘维持跨越接口的信号的空间调制，光反射率和透射光的高衰减。
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公开(公告)号：US4032954A
公开(公告)日：1977-06-28
申请号：US691652
申请日：1976-06-01
CPC分类号： G02F1/1354
摘要： There is disclosed a silver doped silicon single crystal charge storage photodiode substrate suitable for use in an alternating current driven liquid crystal light valve. The gain capability of the charge storage photodiode makes it possible to construct a single crystal substrate ac light valve very similar in structure to that presently being used with a cadmium sulphide photodiode, but having improved operating characteristics and benefitting from a more fully developed manufacturing technology for silicon devices. One specific embodiment of such a single crystal substrate is a silicon substrate doped with a slow recombination center element such as silver.
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公开(公告)号：US4114991A
公开(公告)日：1978-09-19
申请号：US753253
申请日：1976-12-22
CPC分类号： G02F1/135
摘要： There is disclosed a reflective type liquid crystal light valve means for converting a visible wavelength dynamic image to an infrared wavelength dynamic image. The device employs an infrared reflecting and visible transmitting indium-tin-oxide film which is external to the liquid crystal layer and active films and which also serves as a conductive electrode for the device. In operation, a visible image is transmitted through a visible transmitting faceplate and through this ITO film to a photosensor to modify its impedance. An infrared projection beam is transmitted through a second infrared transmissive faceplate, through the liquid crystal means and the photosensor to the IR reflective dichroic film and thence back through the rest of the liquid crystal cell for projection.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于将可见波长动态图像转换为红外波长动态图像的反射型液晶光阀装置。 该器件采用在液晶层和有源膜外部的红外反射和可见透射的铟锡氧化物膜，并且还用作器件的导电电极。 在操作中，可视图像通过可见的透射面板传输并通过该ITO膜传输到光电传感器以修改其阻抗。 红外投射光束通过第二红外透射面板透过液晶装置和光电传感器传输到红外反射二向色膜，然后通过液晶单元的其余部分反射投影。
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公开(公告)号：US4922116A
公开(公告)日：1990-05-01
申请号：US370109
申请日：1989-06-21
申请人： Jan Grinberg , Murray S. Welkowsky
发明人： Jan Grinberg , Murray S. Welkowsky
IPC分类号： G01J1/02 , G01J5/02 , G01J5/10 , G01J5/12 , G01J5/20 , G01J5/22 , G01J5/28 , G01J5/52 , H01L27/14 , H01L27/146 , H01L31/10 , H01L31/16 , H01L33/00 , H01L35/28
CPC分类号： G01J5/10 , G01J5/20 , G01J5/22 , G01J5/522 , H01L27/1465
摘要： An infrared (IR) simulator is disclosed in which an array of pixels is defined on an insulative substrate by resistor bridges which contact the substrate at spaced locations and are separated from the substrate, and thereby thermally insulated therefrom, between the contact locations. Semiconductor drive circuits on the substrate enable desired current flows through the resistor bridges in response to input control signals, thereby establishing the appropriate IR radiation from each of the pixels. The drive circuits and also at least some of the electrical lead lines are preferably located under the resistor bridges. A thermal reflector below each bridge shields the drive circuit and reflects radiation to enhance the IR output. The drive circuits employ sample and hold circuits which produce a substantially flicker-free operation, with the resistor bridges being impedance matched with their respective drive circuits. The resistor bridges may be formed by coating insulative base bridges with a resistive layer having the desired properties, and overcoating the resistive layers with a thermally emissive material. The array is preferably formed on a silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) wafer. Arrays of electromagnetic radiation bridge detectors may also be formed, with the bridges having either resistor, thermocouple or Schottky junction constructions.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种红外（IR）模拟器，其中像素阵列通过电阻器桥限定在绝缘衬底上，电阻器桥在间隔开的位置处接触衬底，并且在接触位置之间与衬底分离，从而与衬底隔离。 衬底上的半导体驱动电路响应于输入控制信号使期望的电流流过电阻器桥，从而从每个像素建立适当的红外辐射。 驱动电路以及至少一些电引线优选位于电阻桥下。 每个桥下的热反射器屏蔽驱动电路并反射辐射以增强IR输出。 驱动电路采用产生基本上无闪烁操作的采样和保持电路，其中电阻器桥与它们各自的驱动电路阻抗匹配。 可以通过用具有期望特性的电阻层涂覆绝缘基桥来形成电阻器桥，并用热发射材料覆盖电阻层。 阵列优选形成在蓝宝石（SOS）硅晶片上。 也可以形成电磁辐射桥接检测器阵列，其中桥具有电阻器，热电偶或肖特基结结构。
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公开(公告)号：US4943709A
公开(公告)日：1990-07-24
申请号：US350353
申请日：1989-05-11
IPC分类号： G01J9/02
CPC分类号： G01J9/02
摘要： An adaptive optics system is disclosed which has a phase detector to detect phase distortions acquired by an input beam, and a separate phase adjustor which predistorts a transmission beam so that it is restored to its proper phase during transmission back through the same medium travelled by the input beam. The phase adjustor consists of a liquid crystal mechanism with an area substantially greater than that of the phase detector, thereby permitting high power operation. Liquid crystal pixels in the phase adjustor have dual transistor signal storage circuits which apply operating signals to the pixels without significant decay or flicker. The phase adjustor can be constructed in either a reflective or transmissive mode. Two phase adjustors may be placed in series to enhance response time and/or process an unpolarized beam. A data processor interfaces between the phase detector and phase adjustor. The data processor may include a capability for providing phase adjustment information for a plurality of transmission wavelengths based upon the detected distortion of an input beam at only one of the wavelengths.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种自适应光学系统，其具有用于检测由输入光束获取的相位失真的相位检测器，以及单独的相位调节器，其预发射发射光束，使得在透射期间通过相同介质返回到其适当的相位 输入光束。 相位调节器由具有比相位检测器的面积大得多的面积的液晶机构构成，由此允许高功率运转。 相位调节器中的液晶像素具有双晶体管信号存储电路，其对像素施加操作信号而没有显着的衰减或闪烁。 相位调节器可以以反射或透射模式构成。 两个相位调节器可以串联放置以增强响应时间和/或处理非偏振光束。 相位检测器和相位调节器之间的数据处理器接口。 数据处理器可以包括基于在仅一个波长处的检测到的输入波束的失真来提供多个发射波长的相位调整信息的能力。
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公开(公告)号：US5010251A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-23
申请号：US463563
申请日：1990-01-11
摘要： An infrared (IR) simulator is disclosed in which an array of pixels is defined on an insulative substrate by resistor bridges which contact the substrate at spaced locations and are separated from the substrate, and thereby thermally insulated therefrom, between the contact locations. Semiconductor drive circuits on the substrate enable desired current flows through the resistor bridges in response to input control signals, thereby establishing the appropriate IR radiation from each of the pixels. The drive circuits and also at least some of the electrical lead lines are preferably located under the resistor bridges. A thermal reflector below each bridge shields the drive circuit and reflects radiation to enhance the IR output. The drive circuits employ sample and hold circuits which produce a substantially flicker-free operation, with the resistor bridges being impedance matched with their respective drive circuits. The resistor bridges may be formed by coating insulative base bridges with a resistive layer having the desired properties, and overcoating the resistive layers with a thermally emissive material. The array is preferably formed on a silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) wafer. Arrays of electromagnetic radiation bridge detectors may also be formed, with the bridges having either resistor, thermocouple or Schottky junction constructions.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种红外（IR）模拟器，其中像素阵列通过电阻器桥限定在绝缘衬底上，电阻器桥在间隔开的位置处接触衬底，并且在接触位置之间与衬底分离，从而与衬底隔离。 衬底上的半导体驱动电路响应于输入控制信号使期望的电流流过电阻器桥，从而从每个像素建立适当的红外辐射。 驱动电路以及至少一些电引线优选位于电阻桥下。 每个桥下的热反射器屏蔽驱动电路并反射辐射以增强IR输出。 驱动电路采用产生基本上无闪烁操作的采样和保持电路，其中电阻器桥与它们各自的驱动电路阻抗匹配。 可以通过用具有期望特性的电阻层涂覆绝缘基桥来形成电阻器桥，并用热发射材料覆盖电阻层。 阵列优选形成在蓝宝石（SOS）硅晶片上。 也可以形成电磁辐射桥接检测器阵列，其中桥具有电阻器，热电偶或肖特基结结构。
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10.发明授权Architecture and method of coupling electromagnetic energy to thermal detectors 有权将电磁能耦合到热探测器的结构和方法公开(公告)号：US06329655B1
公开(公告)日：2001-12-11
申请号：US09414989
申请日：1999-10-07
申请人： Michael D. Jack , Michael Ray , John Varesi , Jan Grinberg , Harold Fetterman , Franklin A. Dolezal
发明人： Michael D. Jack , Michael Ray , John Varesi , Jan Grinberg , Harold Fetterman , Franklin A. Dolezal
IPC分类号： G01J500
摘要： A radiation sensor. The inventive sensor has a two-level detector structure formed on a substrate in which a thermal detector element is suspended over the substrate as a microbridge structure. A receiver of electromagnetic radiation is provided on the same side of the substrate in a manner that efficiently couples the radiation field to the thermal detector element. The thermal detector element has a sandwich structure including a heater metal layer, a dielectric layer, and a thin film thermo-resistive material. The thermal detector element is suspended out of physical contact with the receiver. In one embodiment, the receiver is an antenna having a crossed bowtie configuration that efficiently couples the radiation field to the detector element. The inventive radiation sensors are especially useful for mm-wave and microwave sensing applications. The sensor can be used individually or in linear or two-dimensional arrays thereof. The invention also is directed to a method of fabricating such a radiation sensor.
摘要翻译： 辐射传感器。 本发明的传感器具有形成在基板上的两级检测器结构，其中热探测器元件作为微桥结构悬挂在基板上。 将电磁辐射的接收器以有效地将辐射场耦合到热检测器元件的方式设置在基板的相同侧上。 热检测器元件具有包括加热器金属层，电介质层和薄膜耐热材料的夹层结构。 热探测器元件与接收器物理接触被暂停。 在一个实施例中，接收机是具有交叉的弓形结构的天线，其将辐射场有效地耦合到检测器元件。 本发明的辐射传感器对于毫米波和微波感测应用特别有用。 传感器可以单独使用或以其线性或二维阵列使用。 本发明还涉及一种制造这种辐射传感器的方法。
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