摘要:
A method for setting a temperature of a sensor element, which is heatable with the aid of a heating device, for detecting at least one property of a gas in a measuring gas chamber includes at least one regulation of the heating device, the regulation including: (a) detecting at least one actual value of at least one controlled variable of the sensor element, (b) ascertaining a setpoint value of the at least one controlled variable, (c) generating at least one manipulated variable of the heating device with the aid of a comparison of the setpoint value and the actual value, and (d) in a monitoring step, checking at least one parameter used to set the temperature, and the at least one manipulated variable being influenced as a function of the check.
摘要:
A method for setting a temperature of a sensor element, which is heatable with the aid of a heating device, for detecting at least one property of a gas in a measuring gas chamber includes at least one regulation of the heating device, the regulation including: (a) detecting at least one actual value of at least one controlled variable of the sensor element, (b) ascertaining a setpoint value of the at least one controlled variable, (c) generating at least one manipulated variable of the heating device with the aid of a comparison of the setpoint value and the actual value, and (d) in a monitoring step, checking at least one parameter used to set the temperature, and the at least one manipulated variable being influenced as a function of the check.
摘要:
A method for operating at least one sensor element for detecting at least one property of a gas in a measured-gas space is described. The method comprises at least the following steps: at least one first step, in the first step at least one parameter being ascertained; at least one second step, in the second step the parameter being compared with at least one comparison value, in accordance with that comparison at least one feature being allocated to the sensor element or to at least one part of the sensor element. An apparatus for carrying out the method is also described.
摘要:
A sensor device is provided for determining a pressure of a medium located inside a housing of an electrochemical energy storage. The sensor device includes a detection unit which may be or is inductively coupled to an electrically conductive layer, which is deflectable by the pressure of the medium to be determined. The detection unit is designed to inductively detect a distance, which is dependent on the pressure of the medium to be determined, between the layer and the detection unit, to determine the pressure of the medium from the distance.
摘要:
A timepiece comprising a main energy storing device, a gear train coupled to the main energy storing device, a tensioning element coupled to the gear train, the tensioning element configured to be driven about a tensioning axis in cyclic steps, a tensioning control system configured to control the tensioning element, a storage hairspring having a first end and a second end, the first end connected to the tensioning element, a wheel connected to the second end of the storage hairspring, a clockwork movement rotatably driven by the wheel, an escapement coupled to the clockwork movement and a device configured to be switched in a stepwise manner and driven rotatably in cyclic steps by an element of the gear train.
摘要:
A measuring sensor is described for determining a physical property of a measured gas, especially for determining the oxygen concentration or the pollutant concentration in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, which has a sensor element that is exposable to the measured gas which is at least partially coated with a protective layer that protects against harmful components in the measured gas. In order to achieve producing a “contamination protection”, that is cost-effective from a manufacturing technology point of view, particularly against silicon compounds and phosphorus compounds, the protective layer (26) is made of highly active γ- or δ-aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having additives of compounds of the alkaline metals group, the alkaline earths group, the IV B subgroup or the lanthanides group.
摘要翻译:描述了测量传感器,用于确定测量的气体的物理性质,特别是用于确定内燃机排气中的氧浓度或污染物浓度,其具有可暴露于测量气体的传感器元件,该传感器元件至少为 部分涂覆有保护层,防止测量气体中的有害成分。 为了实现生产“污染防护”,从制造技术的观点来看,特别是硅化合物和磷化合物是成本有效的,保护层(26)由高活性的γ-或δ-氧化铝 (Al 2 O 3),其具有碱金属基团,碱土金属组,IVB族或镧系元素族的化合物的添加剂。
摘要:
The invention relates to a method and device for determining the composition of a fuel mixture made of one first fuel and at least one second fuel for operating an internal combustion engine, wherein said internal combustion engine has a fuel metering apparatus and at least one exhaust gas probe in an exhaust gas channel. According to the method of the invention, it is provided that the fuel mixture is at least temporarily supplied to the exhaust gas probe at least partially uncombusted, and the composition of the fuel mixture is determined from an output signal of the exhaust gas probe. According to the device of the invention, it is provided that the exhaust gas probe is situated proximal to the motor in the direction of the exhaust gas flow before a first catalytic converter, and the fuel mixture can be supplied at least partially uncombusted to the exhaust gas probe at least temporarily. The method allows the precise and reliable determination of the composition of a fuel mixture in internal combustion engines operated in flex fuel operation existing components.
摘要:
A drill head extending along a drill axis made of hard metal for rock drills is disclosed. The drill head features at least one major cutting edge and at least one minor cutting edge, where the major cutting edge extends from a first radially inner end to a first radial outer end which lies on a first diameter and where the minor cutting edge extends from a second radially inner end to a second radially outer end which lies on a second diameter that is smaller than the first diameter. A first enveloping surface defined by the minor cutting edge projects completely axially over a second enveloping surface defined by the major cutting edge.
摘要:
An ESD protection device includes a source region, a channel region adjacent the source region, and an elongated drain region spaced from the source region by the channel region. The elongated drain region includes an unsilicided portion adjacent the channel and a silicided portion spaced from channel region by the unsilicided portion. A first ESD region is located beneath the silicided portion of the elongated drain region and a second ESD region is located beneath the unsilicided portion of the elongated drain region, the second ESD region being spaced from the first ESD region.
摘要:
A single-side contacted solar cell and method for production of a single-side contacted solar cell provide a direct arrangement of a contact grid on one side of an absorber layer. A free surface of the contact grid is coated with an electrically non-conducting insulation layer. An emitter layer is deposited on a whole surface such that the contact grid is arranged between the absorber layer and the emitter layer. The emitter layer is provided with a contact layer. For back face contact, the emitter layer is arranged on a back face of the absorber layer to avoid additional absorptive losses.