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公开(公告)号：US07523724B2
公开(公告)日：2009-04-28
申请号：US11733718
申请日：2007-04-10
Applicant: Kandaswamy Duraiswamy , Anand Chellappa
Inventor： Kandaswamy Duraiswamy , Anand Chellappa
Abstract: A method of and system for reducing engine environmental atmospheric pollution emissions from a vehicle having a combustion engine utilizing hydrocarbon fuel for at least one of propulsion and auxiliary electrical power is disclosed. The method basically includes providing an unprocessed bulk fuel storage container and a clean processed fuel tank on the vehicle, supplying the engine for propulsion with fuel from the unprocessed fuel storage container when the vehicle is beyond a predetermined distance from an area having environmental restrictions passing a portion of unprocessed fuel through a desulphurization process to fill a clean fuel storage container while the vehicle is in motion and supplying the combustion engine for one of propulsion and auxiliary electrical power from clean fuel in the processed fuel storage container when the vehicle is within an area having environmental restrictions.
Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于减少来自具有利用烃燃料的内燃机的车辆的发动机环境大气污染排放的方法和系统，所述燃料发动机用于推进和辅助电力中的至少一个。 该方法基本上包括在车辆上提供未经处理的大容量燃料储存容器和清洁处理的燃料箱，当车辆距离具有环境限制的区域超过预定距离时，向来自未加工的燃料储存容器的燃料供应用于推进的发动机 未处理的燃料的一部分通过脱硫过程在车辆运动时填充清洁的燃料存储容器，并且当车辆在区域内时，从处理的燃料存储容器中的清洁燃料提供用于推进和辅助电力中的一种的内燃机 有环境限制。
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公开(公告)号：US07763086B2
公开(公告)日：2010-07-27
申请号：US12205171
申请日：2008-09-05
Applicant: Richard Root Woods , Brook Forest Porter , Kandaswamy Duraiswamy
Inventor： Richard Root Woods , Brook Forest Porter , Kandaswamy Duraiswamy
IPC: B01J7/00
CPC classification number: C01B3/48 , C01B3/34 , C01B2203/0216 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/043 , C01B2203/0445 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/0495 , C01B2203/146 , C01B2203/147 , Y02P20/129
Abstract: A hydrogen generation system is disclosed that includes a fuel reforming reactor generating a hydrogen-rich reformate gas at a temperature greater than 150 C, a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen purification unit that separates the reformate gas into a relatively pure hydrogen stream and an off-gas stream, and a catalytic reactor down stream of the PSA unit that converts carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) contained in the relatively pure hydrogen stream into methane (CH4) and water vapor (H2O). The method of purification involves generating a hydrogen-rich reformate gas at a temperature greater than 150 C in a fuel reforming reactor, separating the reformate gas into a relatively pure hydrogen stream and an off-gas stream in a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen purification unit, and converting carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) contained in the relatively pure hydrogen stream into methane (CH4) and water vapor (H2O) in a catalytic reactor down stream of the PSA unit. The hydrogen can be further purified by including a secondary purification stage downstream of the PSA unit and the catalytic reactor wherein the secondary purification stage has a water adsorbent material bed that adsorbs the water vapor H2O and a hydrogen absorbent material downstream of the water absorbent material that absorbs hydrogen gas preferentially, thus concentrating the non-hydrogen components, such as CH4, into an exhaust stream that exits the bed, wherein the absorbed hydrogen gas is then desorbed to create an exiting very pure hydrogen stream.
Abstract translation: 公开了一种氢生成系统，其包括在大于150℃的温度下产生富氢重整气体的燃料重整反应器，将重整气分离成相对纯的氢气流的变压吸附（PSA）氢气净化单元，以及 以及将相对纯的氢气流中包含的一氧化碳（CO）和氢（H 2）转化为甲烷（CH4）和水蒸汽（H 2 O）的PSA单元的下游催化反应器。 纯化方法包括在燃料重整反应器中在大于150℃的温度下产生富氢重整气体，将重整气体分离成相对纯的氢气流和变压吸附（PSA）氢气中的废气流 在PSA单元的下游的催化反应器中将包含在相对纯的氢流中的一氧化碳（CO）和氢（H 2）转化为甲烷（CH 4）和水蒸气（H 2 O）。 可以通过在PSA单元和催化反应器的下游包括二级净化级来进一步纯化氢气，其中二级净化级具有吸附水蒸气H 2 O的水吸附材料床和在吸水材料下游的吸氢材料， 优先吸收氢气，从而将非氢组分如CH4浓缩到离开床的排气流中，其中吸收的氢气然后被解吸以产生离开非常纯的氢气流。
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公开(公告)号：US07670587B2
公开(公告)日：2010-03-02
申请号：US11534822
申请日：2006-09-25
Applicant: Brook Forest Porter , Kandaswamy Duraiswamy , Richard Root Woods
Inventor： Brook Forest Porter , Kandaswamy Duraiswamy , Richard Root Woods
CPC classification number: C01B3/0005 , B01J2219/00006 , C01B3/384 , C01B3/50 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/043 , C01B2203/0495 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/0822 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/0888 , C01B2203/1294 , C01B2203/1604 , Y02E60/324 , Y02P20/128
Abstract: A hydrogen generation system is disclosed that has a vaporization section receiving and vaporizing fuel along with water and passing the vapor to a reformer catalyst section heated by a combustor section which generates reformate gas and is fueled by off-gas from a H2 purification unit along with a combustion air source. The off-gas outlet feeds the combustor section in the reformer assembly to heat the catalyst section and the vaporization section. An H2 storage unit connected to the H2 purification unit pure H2 outlet receives the pure H2. The storage unit has an outlet selectively connectable to the reformer assembly process inlet during startup without the need for a spark igniter. The startup process includes generating heat in the combustor section of the reformer assembly by passing H2 from the H2 storage unit through the vaporization section, the reformer catalyst section, the H2 purification unit and through the off-gas connection to the combustor section, then introducing water and fuel through the vaporization section and reformer catalyst section to generate reformate gas when the system is warmed, passing the reformate gas through the H2 purification unit to the off-gas connection to the combustor section, and establishing a back pressure on the reformer catalyst section and vaporizer section to decrease the hydrogen flow from the H2 storage unit until the system is fully sustainable without addition of H2 from the H2 storage unit.
Abstract translation: 公开了一种氢气发生系统，其具有蒸发部分，其与水一起接收和蒸发燃料，并将蒸气传递到由燃烧器部分加热的重整器催化剂部分，燃烧器部分产生重整气体，并由来自H 2净化单元的废气燃料连同，以及 燃烧空气源。 废气出口将重整器组件中的燃烧器部分供给到加热催化剂部分和蒸发部分。 连接到H2净化单元纯H2出口的H2储存单元接收纯H2。 存储单元具有在启动期间可选择性地连接到重整器组件过程入口的出口，而不需要火花点火器。 启动过程包括通过使来自H 2存储单元的H 2通过蒸发部分，重整器催化剂部分，H 2纯化单元和通过与燃烧器部分的废气连接而引入重整器组件的燃烧器部分中的热量，然后引入 通过蒸发部分和重整器催化剂部分的水和燃料，当系统被加热时产生重整气体，使重整气体通过H 2净化单元到与燃烧器部分的废气连接，并在重整器催化剂上建立背压 截面和蒸发器部分，以减少来自H 2存储单元的氢气流，直到系统完全可持续，而不需要从H 2存储单元中添加H 2。
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公开(公告)号：US4162959A
公开(公告)日：1979-07-31
申请号：US858294
申请日：1977-12-07
Applicant: Kandaswamy Duraiswamy
Inventor： Kandaswamy Duraiswamy
Abstract: In a continuous process for recovery of values from a solid carbonaceous material, the carbonaceous material is pyrolyzed in the presence of a particulate source of heat to yield a particulate carbon containing residue of pyrolysis and volatilized hydrocarbons while simultaneously the volatilized hydrocarbons are hydrogenated. The particulate source of heat is formed by oxidizing carbon in the solid residue to heat the particles. Hydrogen for hydrogenation is obtained by reacting at least a portion of the hot particulate carbon containing residue of pyrolysis with steam prior to feeding the hot particulate residue to the pyrolysis reaction zone. Steam and/or carbon dioxide can be introduced into the pyrolysis reaction zone to interact with carbon containing residue contained therein. The particulate source of heat can be introduced to the pyrolysis reaction zone over an overflow weir.
Abstract translation: 在用于从固体碳质材料回收值的连续方法中，碳质材料在颗粒热源存在下热解，得到含有热解和挥发烃的残留物的颗粒状碳氢化合物，同时挥发的烃被氢化。 颗粒热源通过氧化固体残余物中的碳以加热颗粒而形成。 氢化氢化是通过使至少一部分热含碳残余物的热解与蒸汽反应而获得的，然后将热的颗粒残余物送入热解反应区。 可以将蒸汽和/或二氧化碳引入热解反应区以与其中所含的含碳残渣相互作用。 颗粒热源可以通过溢流堰引入热解反应区。
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公开(公告)号：US07892321B2
公开(公告)日：2011-02-22
申请号：US12106834
申请日：2008-04-21
Applicant: Diane Lee Aagesen , Kandaswamy Duraiswamy
Inventor： Diane Lee Aagesen , Kandaswamy Duraiswamy
IPC: B01D53/22
CPC classification number: B01D61/362 , B01D2311/04 , B01D2313/22 , C10G31/11 , H01M8/0675 , H01M2250/20 , Y02T90/32 , B01D2311/103
Abstract: An integrated heating system for adding heat to a feed fuel within a module by way of an integrated heating element within the body or casing of the module. The heat may be selectively added to maintain a selected temperature.
Abstract translation: 一种集成加热系统，用于通过在模块的主体或壳体内的集成加热元件向模块内的进料燃料加热。 可以选择性地添加热量以保持所选择的温度。
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US20090220394A1
公开(公告)日：2009-09-03
申请号：US12090325
申请日：2006-10-17
Applicant: Richard Root Woods , Brook Forest Porter , Kandaswamy Duraiswamy , Leonard Weschta , Christian Hulteberg
Inventor： Richard Root Woods , Brook Forest Porter , Kandaswamy Duraiswamy , Leonard Weschta , Christian Hulteberg
CPC classification number: C01B3/384 , B01J8/0407 , B01J8/0419 , B01J8/0438 , B01J8/0442 , B01J19/249 , B01J2208/00309 , B01J2208/00504 , B01J2208/0053 , B01J2208/022 , B01J2219/1943 , B01J2219/2453 , B01J2219/2458 , B01J2219/246 , B01J2219/2462 , B01J2219/2464 , B01J2219/2465 , B01J2219/247 , B01J2219/2479 , B01J2219/2481 , B01J2219/2482 , B01J2219/2491 , B01J2219/2493 , B01J2219/2495 , B01J2219/2496 , B01J2219/2498 , C01B3/0005 , C01B3/382 , C01B3/48 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/04 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/0822 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/1288 , C01B2203/142 , C01B2203/143 , Y02E60/324 , Y02P20/128
Abstract: A hydrogen generation system is disclosed that includes an integrated steam reforming reactor. The reactor has an overall cylindrical shape, receives a reformate and separately receiving a combustion gas mixture. The reactor includes a plurality of reforming stages arranged in a stacked series of disc shaped stage configuration, wherein each reforming stage has a disc shaped combustion portion adjacent a disc shaped catalyst pack through which the reformate passes, wherein the reformate is directed axially between stages and radially within each stage; and the combustion mixture is directed radially between groups of stages and circumferentially within each stage.
Abstract translation: 公开了一种氢气生成系统，其包括集成的蒸汽重整反应器。 反应器具有总体圆柱形形状，接收重整产物并分别接收燃烧气体混合物。 反应器包括多个重整级，其布置成堆叠的一系列盘形级结构，其中每个重整级具有邻近重整产品通过的盘形催化剂组件的盘形燃烧部分，其中重整产品在轴向上定向在阶段和 在每个阶段的径向; 并且燃烧混合物在每个阶段内径向地指向阶段组和周向。
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公开(公告)号：US20070212295A1
公开(公告)日：2007-09-13
申请号：US11536279
申请日：2006-09-28
Applicant: Richard Root Woods , Brook Forest Porter , Kandaswamy Duraiswamy
Inventor： Richard Root Woods , Brook Forest Porter , Kandaswamy Duraiswamy
CPC classification number: C01B3/48 , C01B3/34 , C01B2203/0216 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/043 , C01B2203/0445 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/0495 , C01B2203/146 , C01B2203/147 , Y02P20/129
Abstract: A hydrogen generation system is disclosed that includes a fuel reforming reactor generating a hydrogen-rich reformate gas at a temperature greater than 150 C, a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen purification unit that separates the reformate gas into a relatively pure hydrogen stream and an off-gas stream, and a catalytic reactor down stream of the PSA unit that converts carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) contained in the relatively pure hydrogen stream into methane (CH4) and water vapor (H2O). The method of purification involves generating a hydrogen-rich reformate gas at a temperature greater than 150 C in a fuel reforming reactor, separating the reformate gas into a relatively pure hydrogen stream and an off-gas stream in a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen purification unit, and converting carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) contained in the relatively pure hydrogen stream into methane (CH4) and water vapor (H2O) in a catalytic reactor down stream of the PSA unit. The hydrogen can be further purified by including a secondary purification stage downstream of the PSA unit and the catalytic reactor wherein the secondary purification stage has a water adsorbent material bed that adsorbs the water vapor H2O and a hydrogen absorbent material downstream of the water absorbent material that absorbs hydrogen gas preferentially, thus concentrating the non-hydrogen components, such as CH4, into an exhaust stream that exits the bed, wherein the absorbed hydrogen gas is then desorbed to create an exiting very pure hydrogen stream.
Abstract translation: 公开了一种氢生成系统，其包括在大于150℃的温度下产生富氢重整气体的燃料重整反应器，将重整气分离成相对纯的氢气流的变压吸附（PSA）氢气净化单元，以及 以及PSA单元的下游催化反应器，其将包含在相对纯的氢气流中的一氧化碳（CO）和氢（H 2 N 2）转化成甲烷（CH 4） ）和水蒸汽（H 2 O 2）。 纯化方法包括在燃料重整反应器中在大于150℃的温度下产生富氢重整气体，将重整气体分离成相对纯的氢气流和变压吸附（PSA）氢气中的废气流 净化单元，并将包含在相对纯的氢气流中的一氧化碳（CO）和氢（H 2 H 2）转化成甲烷（CH 3/4）和水蒸气（H 2 O）在PSA单元的下游催化反应器中。 可以通过在PSA单元和催化反应器的下游包括二级净化级来进一步纯化氢气，其中二次净化级具有吸附水蒸气H 2 O 2的水吸附剂床和氢 吸收材料下游的吸收材料，优先吸收氢气，从而将非氢组分（例如CH 4）浓缩到离开床的排气流中，其中吸收的氢气是 脱附以产生离开的非常纯的氢气流。
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公开(公告)号：US4166786A
公开(公告)日：1979-09-04
申请号：US859852
申请日：1977-12-12
Applicant: Kandaswamy Duraiswamy , Bruce L. Winter
Inventor： Kandaswamy Duraiswamy , Bruce L. Winter
Abstract: In a continuous process for recovery of values from a solid carbonaceous material, the carbonaceous material is pyrolyzed in the presence of a particulate source of heat to yield a particulate carbon containing residue of pyrolysis and volatilized hydrocarbons while simultaneously the volatilized hydrocarbons are hydrogenated. The particulate source of heat is formed by oxidizing carbon in the solid residue to heat the particles. Hydrogen for hydrogenation is obtained by reacting at least a portion of the hot particulate carbon containing residue of pyrolysis with steam prior to feeding the hot particulate residue to the pyrolysis reaction zone. Steam and/or carbon dioxide can be introduced into the pyrolysis reaction zone to react with carbon containing residue contained therein. The particulate source of heat can be introduced to the pyrolysis reaction zone over an overflow weir. The hydrogen and the particulate source of heat can be formed simultaneously in an oxidation-conversion zone. The volatilized hydrocarbons can be further hydrogenated in a vapor hydrogenation zone.
Abstract translation: 在用于从固体碳质材料回收值的连续方法中，碳质材料在颗粒热源存在下热解，得到含有热解和挥发烃的残留物的颗粒状碳氢化合物，同时挥发的烃被氢化。 颗粒热源通过氧化固体残余物中的碳以加热颗粒而形成。 氢化氢化是通过使至少一部分热含碳残余物的热解与蒸汽反应而获得的，然后将热的颗粒残余物送入热解反应区。 可以将蒸汽和/或二氧化碳引入热解反应区以与其中所含的含碳残余物反应。 颗粒热源可以通过溢流堰引入热解反应区。 氢和颗粒的热源可以在氧化转化区中同时形成。 挥发的烃可以在蒸气氢化区进一步氢化。
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公开(公告)号：US4085030A
公开(公告)日：1978-04-18
申请号：US700008
申请日：1976-06-25
Applicant: Norman W. Green , Kandaswamy Duraiswamy , Robert E. Lumpkin , Everett W. Knell , Zia I. Mirza , Bruce L. Winter
Inventor： Norman W. Green , Kandaswamy Duraiswamy , Robert E. Lumpkin , Everett W. Knell , Zia I. Mirza , Bruce L. Winter
CPC classification number: C10B49/20
Abstract: In a continuous process for recovery of values contained in a solid carbonaceous material, the carbonaceous material is comminuted and then subjected to flash pyrolysis in the presence of a particulate heat source to form a pyrolysis product stream containing a carbon containing solid residue and volatilized hydrocarbons. After the carbon containing solid residue is separated from the pyrolysis product stream, values are obtained by condensing volatilized hydrocarbons. The particulate source of heat is formed by oxidizing carbon in the solid residue. Apparatus useful for practicing this process are disclosed.
Abstract translation: 在用于回收包含在固体碳质材料中的值的连续方法中，将碳质材料粉碎，然后在颗粒状热源存在下进行快速热解，以形成含有含碳固体残余物和挥发性烃的热解产物流。 将含碳固体残余物与热解产物流分离后，通过将挥发的烃缩合得到值。 颗粒热源是通过氧化固体残渣中的碳而形成的。 公开了用于实施该方法的装置。
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公开(公告)号：US08702910B2
公开(公告)日：2014-04-22
申请号：US12323191
申请日：2008-11-25
Applicant: Kandaswamy Duraiswamy , Richard Root Woods
Inventor： Kandaswamy Duraiswamy , Richard Root Woods
Abstract: A system for producing an auxiliary fuel stream containing a low concentration of sulfur compounds from a primary fuel stream includes a first separation stage to separate a portion of a primary fuel stream into a first vapor permeate stream and a first retentate stream, a first separation stage partial condenser connected to the first vapor permeate stream condensing a portion of the first vapor permeate stream into a first liquid stage stream and a first vapor stage stream, and a second separation stage partial condenser condensing a portion of the first vapor stage stream into a second liquid stage. The stream may then be processed through a sorbent bed to effectively remove the sulfur compounds.
Abstract translation: 用于从初级燃料流产生含有低浓度硫化合物的辅助燃料流的系统包括：第一分离阶段，将初级燃料流的一部分分离成第一蒸气渗透物流和第一滞留物流;第一分离段 连接到第一蒸汽渗透物流的部分冷凝器将第一蒸汽渗透物流的一部分冷凝成第一液流流和第一蒸汽级流，以及将第一蒸汽级流的一部分冷凝成第二蒸汽级流的第二分级级部分冷凝器 液态 然后可以通过吸附剂床处理料流以有效地除去硫化合物。
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