摘要:
An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell includes a conductive support, and catalytic particles loaded on the conductive support. The catalytic particles include platinum and a base metal being on the lower end of the electrochemical series with respect to platinum. The number of the atoms of the base metal, forming metallic oxides without alloying with the platinum, is less than 5 atomic % of the number of the atoms of the platinum on a surface of the catalytic particles. The electrode catalyst is produced by loading the platinum and base metal on the conductive support, alloying the platinum and base metal thereon by a heat treatment, thereby making the catalytic particles, and removing metallic oxides from a surface of the catalytic particles. The electrode catalyst is less expensive comparatively, exhibits high catalytic activities, and hardly lowers the battery performance of fuel cells.
摘要:
A humidifier device for use in fuel cells comprising a mist humidifier unit for adding mists to process gas supplied to an electrolyte equipped in a fuel cell and a humidifier unit control device for intermittently operating the mist humidifier unit in accordance with operating condition of the fuel cell.
摘要:
The technique of the present invention attains simple and accurate evaluation of the performance of a fuel cell and enables produce of a high-performance electrode catalyst and a high-performance fuel cell. The procedure makes platinum, a noble metal, and iron, a base metal, carried on carbon having a large specific surface area, and heats up the carbon with platinum and iron to a specific temperature to reduce iron. A resulting platinum-iron alloy electrode catalyst exerts excellent catalytic functions. A fuel cell using this electrode catalyst has a high IR compensation voltage. The quantity of carbon monoxide adsorbed by this novel electrode catalyst is not less than 14 Ncc per one gram of platinum. The atomic number ratio of iron (Fe) to platinum (Pt) in the catalyst is not lower than 0.14 by EDX analysis, and the ratio of the binding number of Pt atom with Fe atom to the total binding number relating to Pt atom is not lower than 0.10 by EXAFS analysis. Each electrode catalyst produced is evaluated by measurement of these data. The fuel cell including the electrode catalyst having the favorable result of evaluation ensures the desired performances.
摘要:
A fuel-cell electrode and a method of manufacturing the fuel-cell electrode achieves a high catalyst utilization ratio and makes it possible to obtain higher output characteristics with a smaller amount of catalyst. The fuel-cell electrode includes a catalytic layer composed of an ion conductive substance, an electron conductive substance and catalytic activation substances. The catalytic activation substances are electrolytically deposited on the electron conductive substance.
摘要:
An electrochromic element comprising a pair of electrode films, at least one of which is a transparent electrode film, a color forming film laminated between both the electrode films and an electrolyte. The color forming film is formed on the electrode film by depositing thereon a conductive metal oxide such as indium oxide and tungsten oxide. The depositing ratio of tungsten oxide and indium oxide preferably is within the range of 10:1 to 3:1 by weight ratio.
摘要:
A carbon gel composite material including: a carbon gel which is composed of primary particles with an average particle diameter of 2 to 50 nm, where no x-ray diffraction peaks are observed over a scan angle (2θ) range of 0.5 to 10° (CuK60 radiation) and where in a pore size distribution calculated from an adsorption/desorption isotherm, if a pore diameter corresponding to the peak of the pore size distribution is not smaller than 1 nm and is smaller than 10 nm (pore diameter (d)), pores accounting for 60% or more of the total pore volume have a pore diameter within plus or minus 2 nm of the pore diameter (d), and if a pore diameter corresponding to the peak of the pore size distribution is in a range of 10 to 50 nm (pore diameter (D)), pores accounting for 60% or more of the total pore volume have a pore diameter in a range of (0.75×D) to (1.25×D); and at least one adsorbed component selected from the group consisting of proteins, metal complexes and metals, which is adsorbed on the carbon gel.
摘要:
An all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery containing a novel garnet-type oxide serving as a solid electrolyte. The garnet-type lithium ion-conducting oxide is one represented by the formula Li5+XLa3(ZrX, A2-X)O12, wherein A is at least one selected from the group consisting of Sc, Ti, V, Y, Nb, Hf, Ta, Al, Si, Ga, Ge, and Sn and X satisfies the inequality 1.4≦X
摘要翻译:包含新型石榴石型氧化物作为固体电解质的全固态锂离子二次电池。 石榴石型锂离子传导氧化物是由式Li5 + XLa3(ZrX,A2-X)O12表示的锂离子传导氧化物,其中A为选自Sc,Ti,V,Y,Nb,Hf中的至少一种 ,Ta,Al,Si,Ga,Ge,Sn和X满足不等式1.4&nlE; X <2,或者是通过将具有与Zr的离子半径不同的元素替代为石榴石型的Zr部位而获得的元素 由式Li7La3Zr2O12表示的锂离子传导性氧化物,其中基于衍射峰的强度归一化的具有衍射峰的X射线衍射(XRD)图案的归一化强度为9.2以上。
摘要:
A flooding phenomenon is suppressed in a high current density loading region so as to attempt the improvement of cell performance of fuel cells. An electrode catalyst for fuel cells, in which a catalyst comprising an alloy catalyst composed of a noble metal and one or more transition metals and having surface characteristics such that it shows a pH value in water of 6.0 or more is supported on conductive carriers, and a fuel cell using such electrode catalyst for fuel cells, are provided.
摘要:
An all-solid-state lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and a solid electrolyte arranged between the positive and negative electrodes, to conduct lithium ions. In the all-solid-state lithium secondary battery, a mixed layer is in close contact with a surface of the solid electrolyte adjacent to the positive electrode, the mixed layer containing the positive-electrode active material and (Lix(1−α), Mxα/β)γ+(B1−y, Ay)z+O2−δ (wherein in the formula, M and A each represent at least one or more elements selected from C, Al, Si, Ga, Ge, In, and Sn, α satisfies 0≦α
摘要翻译:全固态锂二次电池包括正电极; 负极; 以及设置在正极和负极之间的固体电解质,以进行锂离子。 在全固态锂二次电池中,混合层与正极相邻的固体电解质的表面紧密接触,含有正极活性物质的混合层和(Lix(1-α), (式中,M和A各自表示选自C,Al,Si,Ga,Ge,In中的至少一种以上的元素, 并且Sn,α满足0&nlE;α<1,&bgr;表示M的化合价,γ表示(Li + x(1-α),Mα)的平均化合价,y满足0&nlE; y <1,z表示平均 (B1-y,Ay)和x,α,&bgr,γ,z和γ的化合价满足用作矩阵的关系式(x(1-α)+xα/&bgr;)γ+ z =2δ) 。
摘要:
A fuel cell electrode which can improve the catalyst utilization rate by having the catalyst component supported at a high density and high dispersion is provided. An aqueous solution containing chloroplatinic acid and aniline is prepared. For an electrode diffusion layer, a carbon paper is soaked in a Teflon® dispersion solution and then dried. One side of the electrode diffusion layer is placed in contact with the liquid surface of the solution, and a counter-electrode made of graphite is provided in the solution. A constant electrical current is applied between them, with the electrode diffusion layer side as the positive electrode. As a result, aniline is oxidatively polymerized by electrochemical means, and a uniform layer of platinum-containing polyaniline is formed on the electrode diffusion layer surface. The platinum in the polyaniline is reduced, and this is washed with pure water and dried to make the electrode. Two of these electrodes, with the catalytic layer of the platinum-containing polyaniline on the inside, are placed against both sides of Nafion® to create a small fuel cell.