摘要:
A piston with transverse-rib through holes formed easily therein for reducing the cost of manufacturing. A piston includes a pair of mutually opposed longitudinal ribs individually formed with piston pin bosses interconnecting a pair of piston skirt portions on a back side of a piston head. A pair of transverse ribs interconnect the mutually opposed longitudinal ribs with the transverse ribs. The pair of transverse ribs are formed with transverse-rib through holes at places proximal to the back side of the piston head. A skirt opening is formed by cutting away a part of the piston skirt portion that is opposed to the transverse rib and faces the transverse-rib through hole.
摘要:
A piston with transverse-rib through holes formed easily therein for reducing the cost of manufacturing. A piston includes a pair of mutually opposed longitudinal ribs individually formed with piston pin bosses interconnecting a pair of piston skirt portions on a back side of a piston head. A pair of transverse ribs interconnect the mutually opposed longitudinal ribs with the transverse ribs. The pair of transverse ribs are formed with transverse-rib through holes at places proximal to the back side of the piston head. A skirt opening is formed by cutting away a part of the piston skirt portion that is opposed to the transverse rib and faces the transverse-rib through hole.
摘要:
An internal combustion engine includes a throttle controlling mechanism; a valve characteristic varying mechanism which controls an internal EGR rate by the control of an overlap period Pa and a non-overlap period Pb; and an output setting means which sets a required amount of engine output. The throttle controlling mechanism controls an opening degree of a throttle valve to fully open the throttle valve at a predetermined load Da with an increase in an operating amount D in a first load range Fa which covers load range below the predetermined load Da in a low-load range, and to keeps the throttle valve fully opened in a second load range Fb which covers a load range over the predetermined load Da. The valve characteristic varying mechanism controls the engine output by controlling the overlap period Pa or the non-overlap period Pb according to the required amount D over the entire load range, and controls valve operation characteristics to obtain a maximum internal EGR rate at the predetermined load Da.
摘要:
A valve operating device for an internal combustion engine is capable of increasing a negative valve overlapping duration when maximum lift amounts of an intake valve and an exhaust valve are small. The valve operating device is provided with intake-side and exhaust-side characteristic adjustment mechanisms for adjusting operating characteristics of an intake valve and an exhaust valve. Each characteristic adjustment mechanism has a control cam rotating integrally with a cam shaft, an electric motor that causes a holder pivoted on the cam shaft to rotate about the cam shaft, a sub-rocker lever pivoted on the holder and caused to oscillate by the control cam, and a valve cam that is caused to oscillate around the cam shaft by oscillation of the holder and the sub-rocker lever, for causing oscillation of main rocker levers. The electric motor causes the holder to oscillate in such a manner that the valve open timing of the intake valve is retarded as a maximum lift amount of the intake valve becomes smaller and the valve close timing of the exhaust valve is advanced as a maximum lift amount of the exhaust valve becomes smaller.
摘要:
A valve operating device for an internal combustion engine is capable of increasing a negative valve overlapping duration when maximum lift amounts of an intake valve and an exhaust valve are small. The valve operating device is provided with intake-side and exhaust-side characteristic adjustment mechanisms for adjusting operating characteristics of an intake valve and an exhaust valve. Each characteristic adjustment mechanism has a control cam rotating integrally with a cam shaft, an electric motor that causes a holder pivoted on the cam shaft to rotate about the cam shaft, a sub-rocker lever pivoted on the holder and caused to oscillate by the control cam, and a valve cam that is caused to oscillate around the cam shaft by oscillation of the holder and the sub-rocker lever, for causing oscillation of main rocker levers. The electric motor causes the holder to oscillate in such a manner that the valve open timing of the intake valve is retarded as a maximum lift amount of the intake valve becomes smaller and the valve close timing of the exhaust valve is advanced as a maximum lift amount of the exhaust valve becomes smaller.
摘要:
The types of consecutive k pictures are checked. If there is at least one I picture, the last I picture is output. If there is no I picture, the first P picture is output. If there is neither I picture nor P picture, the last B picture is output. When checking the types of the next plurality of pictures, the types of the first P picture after the output picture and the following pictures included in the consecutive k pictures and the types of the next k pictures following the k consecutive pictures are checked. The same processing is performed thereafter.
摘要:
An information signal is received, which includes a main information content signal carrying the contents of the information, a CM portion signal carrying commercial messages (CM) and an information mode discriminating signal used for discriminating information modes of the main information content signal and the CM signal from each other according to the contents. A video signal is encoded per plurality of several video frames, the video signal including the main information content signal and the CM portion signal. The encoded video signal is recorded in a storage medium. The video signal is reproduced, during the recording, from the storage medium while the CM portion signal is skipped. The received main information content signal and CM portion signal are recorded in the storage medium. The information mode discriminating signal is recorded in the storage medium or another temporary storage medium. At least the information mode discriminating signal is retrieved from the storage medium or the temporary storage medium. Locations of the recorded CM portion signal in the storage medium is detected based on information mode corresponding to the CM portion signal among a plurality of information modes discriminated by means of the information mode discriminating signal. The main information content signal is reproduced from the storage medium while skipping the CM portion signal based on recorded positions of the video signal encoded per plurality of video frames corresponding to the detected locations of the recorded CM portion signal.
摘要:
A method of making a liquid phase epitaxial layer of gallium phosphide on each of two semiconductor wafers which are disposed above and below each other in parallel, and at a predetermined distance.
摘要:
Apparatus for and methods of forming a liquid phase epitaxial growth layer on a semiconductor wafer by floating the wafer on a solution which forms the source of the epitaxial growth layer.
摘要:
An internal combustion engine includes a throttle controlling mechanism; a valve characteristic varying mechanism which controls an internal EGR rate by the control of an overlap period Pa and a non-overlap period Pb; and an output setting means which sets a required amount of engine output. The throttle controlling mechanism controls an opening degree of a throttle valve to fully open the throttle valve at a predetermined load Da with an increase in an operating amount D in a first load range Fa which covers load range below the predetermined load Da in a low-load range, and to keeps the throttle valve fully opened in a second load range Fb which covers a load range over the predetermined load Da. The valve characteristic varying mechanism controls the engine output by controlling the overlap period Pa or the non-overlap period Pb according to the required amount D over the entire load range, and controls valve operation characteristics to obtain a maximum internal EGR rate at the predetermined load Da.