摘要:
An apparatus having: one or more infrared imagers capable of detecting light having wavelengths of 8-10 microns and 20-22 microns and a window transparent to light having wavelengths of 8-10 microns and 20-22 microns.
摘要:
A method for detecting chemical aerosols and particulates on a surface by contacting a sample with a Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) substrate where the sample is an aerosol or a particulate on a surface, encapsulating the SERS substrate with the sample, heating the encapsulated sample so it vaporizes inside the encapsulation, cooling the vaporized sample so it deposits onto the SERS substrate, and irradiating the SERS substrate to collect a SERS spectrum of the sample. Also disclosed is the related system for detecting chemical aerosols and particulates on a surface.
摘要:
Sampling of a broad range of chemicals using a handheld sampler body, having a sample screen in a sampling cassette; where a sample screen housing further consists of a locking arm arrestor body, where, the locking arm arrestor body including a draw tube, and where the sampling screen can be positioned in either a retracted or extended positioned regarding a sample access face. When activated, the system executes collecting and sampling operations of chemicals, by exposing the extended sampling screen to a sampling environment, drawing through the draw tube, air from the sampling environment, further collecting, onto the surface of the sample screen solid particles and/or pressing the sample screen against the surface(s) of object in the sampling environment. Then, removing the sampling screen from the sampling environment and isolating the plurality of airborne chemical contaminants, by retracting a sample screen into the sample screen housing.
摘要:
A method for detecting chemical aerosols and particulates on a surface by contacting a sample with a Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) substrate where the sample is an aerosol or a particulate on a surface, encapsulating the SERS substrate with the sample, heating the encapsulated sample so it vaporizes inside the encapsulation, cooling the vaporized sample so it deposits onto the SERS substrate, and irradiating the SERS substrate to collect a SERS spectrum of the sample. Also disclosed is the related system for detecting chemical aerosols and particulates on a surface.
摘要:
Sampling of a broad range of chemicals using a handheld sampler body, having a sample screen in a sampling cassette; where a sample screen housing further consists of a locking arm arrestor body, where, the locking arm arrestor body including a draw tube, and where the sampling screen can be positioned in either a retracted or extended positioned regarding a sample access face. When activated, the system executes collecting and sampling operations of chemicals, by exposing the extended sampling screen to a sampling environment, drawing through the draw tube, air from the sampling environment, further collecting, onto the surface of the sample screen solid particles and/or pressing the sample screen against the surface(s) of object in the sampling environment. Then, removing the sampling screen from the sampling environment and isolating the plurality of airborne chemical contaminants, by retracting a sample screen into the sample screen housing.
摘要:
A system for the in-situ detection of chemicals, including water, in soil comprises: a penetrometer for penetrating the soil, the penetrometer including interior and exterior surfaces, and a window for allowing infrared radiation to be transmitted between the interior and exterier surfaces of the penetrometer; a driver for driving the penetrometer into the soil to a plurality of different depths; a source for providing infrared radiation which passes through the window to irradiate the soil adjacent to the window; an infrared transmitting chalcogenide optical fiber; an optical system disposed within the penetrometer adjacent to the window for transmitting infrared radiation from the source through the window into the soil and for collecting infrared radiation reflected from the soil back through the window into a first end of the chalcogenide fiber; and a spectrometer coupled to a second end of the infrared transmitting chalcogenide optical fiber for receiving and analyzing the reflected infrared radiation passing through the chalcogenide optical fiber to obtain information on chemicals present at various depths of the soil through which the penetrometer passes.
摘要:
An apparatus having: one or more infrared imagers capable of detecting light having wavelengths of 8-10 microns and 20-22 microns and a window transparent to light having wavelengths of 8-10 microns and 20-22 microns.
摘要:
A method for forming a high purity, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) bulk material is disclosed. The method includes sealing precursor materials for forming the bulk material in a reaction vessel. The precursor materials include copper, at least one chalcogen selected from selenium, sulfur, and tellurium, and at least one element from group IIIA of the periodic table, which may be selected from gallium, indium, and aluminum. The sealed reaction vessel is heated to a temperature at which the precursor materials react to form the bulk material. The bulk material is cooled in the vessel to a temperature below the solidification temperature of the bulk material and opened to release the formed bulk material. A sputtering target formed by the method can have an oxygen content of 10 ppm by weight, or less.
摘要:
An optical system having two or more different optical elements with a corresponding interface between the optical elements. At least one of the optical elements has an anti-reflective structure that is transferred to the interface between two optical elements, typically by embossing. Also disclosed is the related method for making the optical system.
摘要:
A method for bonding infrared transmitting glasses into an optical element without interlayer voids by stacking at least two different infrared transmitting glasses inside a vessel where each glass has a different refractive index, a different dispersion, or both, and where the glasses all have similar viscosities, thermal expansion coefficients, and glass transition temperatures; placing a weight on top of the stack; applying a vacuum to the vessel; applying an isostatic pressure of at least 1500 psi; and after releasing the isostatic pressure, annealing at a temperature within 10° C. of the glass transition temperature at a pressure between 0 and 1000 psi. Applying the vacuum, applying the isostatic pressure, and annealing are done sequentially and with no intermediate transitions to ambient temperature or pressure. Also disclosed is the related optical element made by this method.