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    Recombination of evolved oxygen in galvanic cells using transfer anode material
    1.
    发明授权
    Recombination of evolved oxygen in galvanic cells using transfer anode material 失效
    使用转移阳极材料在原电池中重组析出的氧

    公开(公告)号：US5043234A

    公开(公告)日：1991-08-27

    申请号：US478638

    申请日：1990-02-12

    申请人： Klaus Tomantschger ,  Karl Kordesch ,  Erkut Oran

    发明人： Klaus Tomantschger ,  Karl Kordesch ,  Erkut Oran

    IPC分类号： H01M4/48 ,  H01M10/34 ,  H01M10/52

    CPC分类号： H01M10/34 ,  H01M10/52 ,  H01M4/48

    摘要： In rechargeable, electrochemical cells, oxygen may evolve on charge, overcharge or any reversal of polarity. The invention concerns an auxiliary, electrochemical, transfer electrode to catalyze the recombination of such oxygen with the anode mass. The auxiliary electrode may comprise a porous carbon bonded with PTFE, or it may comprise a zinc gel having graphite particles and/or metal-plated zinc particles--where the metal that plates the zinc particles may be copper, or may be any of cobalt, cadmium, nickel, or silver. The auxiliary electrode for rectangular electrodes as used in flat plate or jelly roll cells may have the catalytically active material PTFE bonded to the current collector. The cell is generally one having a zinc anode, a metal oxide cathode (usually manganese dioxide), and an aqueous alkaline electrolyte (usually potassium hydroxide) contacting both anode and cathode.

    摘要翻译： 在可再充电的电化学电池中，氧气可能会在电荷，过充电或任何极性反转中产生。 本发明涉及一种辅助的电化学转移电极，用于催化这种氧与阳极团的复合。 辅助电极可以包括与PTFE结合的多孔碳，或者其可以包括具有石墨颗粒和/或金属镀锌颗粒的锌凝胶，其中镀锌颗粒的金属可以是铜，或者可以是钴， 镉，镍或银。 用于平板或胶冻细胞中的矩形电极辅助电极可以具有结合到集电器上的催化活性材料PTFE。 电池通常是具有锌阳极，金属氧化物阴极（通常是二氧化锰）和与阳极和阴极接触的含水碱性电解质（通常是氢氧化钾）的电池。

    Metal and metal oxide catalyzed electrodes for electrochemical cells, and methods of making same
    2.
    发明授权
    Metal and metal oxide catalyzed electrodes for electrochemical cells, and methods of making same 失效
    用于电化学电池的金属和金属氧化物催化电极及其制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US5069988A

    公开(公告)日：1991-12-03

    申请号：US540932

    申请日：1990-06-15

    申请人： Klaus Tomantschger ,  Karl Kordesch ,  Robert D. Findlay

    发明人： Klaus Tomantschger ,  Karl Kordesch ,  Robert D. Findlay

    IPC分类号： H01M4/86 ,  H01M4/88 ,  H01M4/90 ,  H01M4/92 ,  H01M4/96

    CPC分类号： H01M4/90 ,  H01M4/86 ,  H01M4/96

    摘要： Porous electrodes for use in fuel cells and other electrochemical cells are disclosed. Principally, the electrodes a catalytically active layer on a porous conductive substrate, which catalytically active layer is derived from non-noble metals. The loading of the catalytically active layer is lower in terms of weight of catalyst per unit area of geometrical electrode surface than heretofore. Several alternative methods of forming the electrode are taught, including impregnating a porous conductive substrate with a metal salt solution, followed by chemical or thermal formation of the porous catalytically active layer; or mixing the catalytically active material with the material of the porous conductive substrate, followed by fabrication of the electrode; or depositing pyrolitic carbon from the gas phase onto a porous conductive substrate, at elevated temperatures in a gas atmosphere. The electrode may also have a porous metallic current collector, and also a further gas diffusion layer. If used as a fuel cell anode, a further small amount of noble metal is included in the porous catalytically active layer. Porous electrodes of this invention have particular utility in alkaline primary or secondary cells as auxiliary gas recombining electrodes, especially as oxygen consuming auxiliary transfer electrodes.

    摘要翻译： 公开了用于燃料电池和其它电化学电池的多孔电极。 主要地，电极是多孔导电基底上的催化活性层，催化活性层衍生自非贵金属。 催化活性层的负载量相对于几何电极表面的每单位面积的催化剂的重量来说比以前更低。 教导了形成电极的几种替代方法，包括用金属盐溶液浸渍多孔导电衬底，然后化学或热形成多孔催化活性层; 或将催化活性材料与多孔导电衬底的材料混合，随后制造电极; 或在气体气氛中升高的温度下将来自气相的热解碳沉积到多孔导电基底上。 电极也可以具有多孔金属集流体，还可以具有另外的气体扩散层。 如果用作燃料电池阳极，则在多孔催化活性层中还包含另外少量的贵金属。 本发明的多孔电极在碱性一次电池或二次电池中具有特别的用途，作为辅助气体复合电极，特别是作为耗氧辅助转移电极。

    Rechargeable alkaline manganese cells with zinc anodes
    3.
    发明授权
    Rechargeable alkaline manganese cells with zinc anodes 失效
    锌阳极充电碱锰电池

    公开(公告)号：US4957827A

    公开(公告)日：1990-09-18

    申请号：US234926

    申请日：1988-08-22

    申请人： Karl Kordesch ,  Josef Gsellmann ,  Klaus Tomantschger

    发明人： Karl Kordesch ,  Josef Gsellmann ,  Klaus Tomantschger

    IPC分类号： H01M2/16 ,  H01M10/24 ,  H01M10/34

    CPC分类号： H01M10/34 ,  H01M10/24 ,  H01M2/1653 ,  H01M2/1606 ,  H01M2300/0014

    摘要： A rechargeable alkaline electrochemical cell has a manganese dioxide cathode and a zinc anode. The cathode is mixed with graphite or other conductive carbon and a binder, and is contained by a metallic screen which also serves as an oxygen evolution catalyst. The screen also serves to contain the cathode in place as it tends to expand under use. A diaphram is provided to separate the cathode and anode; an alkaline electrolyte contains the cathode and anode, and the other components of the cell.

    摘要翻译： 可充电碱性电化学电池具有二氧化锰阴极和锌阳极。 阴极与石墨或其他导电碳和粘合剂混合，并且由用作析氧催化剂的金属屏幕所包含。 该屏幕还用于将阴极容纳在适当位置，因为它在使用中趋于膨胀。 提供了一个隔膜来分离阴极和阳极; 碱性电解质包含阴极和阳极以及电池的其它组分。

    Catalytic recombination of corrosion evolved hydrogen in alkaline cells
    4.
    发明授权
    Catalytic recombination of corrosion evolved hydrogen in alkaline cells 失效
    在碱性细胞中腐蚀发生氢的催化重组

    公开(公告)号：US4925747A

    公开(公告)日：1990-05-15

    申请号：US375888

    申请日：1989-07-06

    申请人： Karl Kordesch ,  Klaus Tomantschger

    发明人： Karl Kordesch ,  Klaus Tomantschger

    IPC分类号： H01M4/02 ,  H01M4/48 ,  H01M6/04 ,  H01M10/34 ,  H01M10/52

    CPC分类号： H01M10/52 ,  H01M10/34 ,  H01M4/02 ,  H01M4/48 ,  H01M6/04

    摘要： In rechargeable or primary, electrochemical cells, hydrogen may evolve. The invention concerns the use of an auxiliary electrode material to catalyse the recombination of pressurized hydrogen, for example, the hydrogen being at pressures ranging from 5 to 15 psig up to pressure relief of the cell. The cell is a sealed cell having a metal oxide cathode, a zinc anode and aqueous, alkaline electrolyte contacting both anode and cathode. The auxiliary electrode material, which may be mixed with the cathode material or be formed into a discrete auxiliary electrode, comprises a porous substrate and a catlyst for the absorbtion of pressurized hydrogen by the electrolyte. The substrate may be carbon, graphite or metal. The catalyst may be carbon, catalytically active noble metals, salts and oxides of lead, nickel, titanium, lanthanum, chromium, tantalum and alloys thereof, and the metals or mixtures of carbon with the salts or oxides.

    摘要翻译： 在可再充电或初级的电化学电池中，氢可能发生。 本发明涉及使用辅助电极材料来催化加压氢的复合，例如氢气的压力范围为5至15psig，直到电池的压力释放。 电池是具有接触阳极和阴极的金属氧化物阴极，锌阳极和水性碱性电解质的密封电池。 可以与阴极材料混合或形成离散的辅助电极的辅助电极材料包括多孔基底和用于通过电解质吸收加压氢的催化剂。 基底可以是碳，石墨或金属。 催化剂可以是碳，催化活性的贵金属，铅，镍，钛，镧，铬，钽及其合金的盐和氧化物，以及碳与其盐或氧化物的金属或混合物。

    Rechargeable alkaline manganese dioxide-zinc cell having improved cumulative capacity
    5.
    发明授权
    Rechargeable alkaline manganese dioxide-zinc cell having improved cumulative capacity 失效
    可充电的碱性二氧化锰 - 锌电池具有提高的累积容量

    公开(公告)号：US5011752A

    公开(公告)日：1991-04-30

    申请号：US400712

    申请日：1989-08-30

    申请人： Karl Kordesch ,  Josef Gsellmann ,  Klaus Tomantschger

    发明人： Karl Kordesch ,  Josef Gsellmann ,  Klaus Tomantschger

    IPC分类号： H01M4/26 ,  H01M4/50 ,  H01M4/62 ,  H01M10/052 ,  H01M10/28 ,  H01M10/34 ,  H01M10/36

    CPC分类号： H01M10/052 ,  H01M10/28 ,  H01M10/345 ,  H01M4/26 ,  H01M4/50 ,  H01M4/625

    摘要： This invention relates to rechargeable alkaline electrochemical cells, having manganese dioxide cathodes. Generally, those cells have zinc anodes and an alkaline electrolyte, but several other options are considered. In any event, the present invention provides an improved cell by providing a pre-conditioned manganese dioxide cathode, where the net oxidation state of the cathode at the time that the cell is finally assembled and sealed is such that the manganese dioxide is, in fact, MnOx where x is between 1.70 and 1.90. The preconditioned cell may be preconditioned by cycling the cathode in a unsealed cell, then replacing the zinc anode and sealing the cell; or by adding a reduction agent to the manganese dioxide cathode prior to the time when the cell is finally assembled and sealed; or by adding an overcharge reserve material to the cathode. By pre-conditioning the active cathode material, essentially partially reducing the oxidation state, the cumulative capacity of the cell, and its cycle life, are improved. Since the first cycle of a sealed manganese dioxide-zinc cell is a discharge, followed by a re-charge, the present invention assures that the re-charge efficiency of the cell is improved. In that manner, essentially a complete re-charge of the cell can be effected, even following the first discharge cycle. The invention also contemplates that the preconditioned manganese dioxide cathode may also be utilized, with a suitable non-aqueous electrolyte, in a rechargeable manganese dioxide-lithium cell.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及具有二氧化锰阴极的可充电碱性电化学电池。 通常，这些电池具有锌阳极和碱性电解质，但考虑了其它几个选择。 在任何情况下，本发明通过提供预调节的二氧化锰阴极来提供改进的电池，其中电池最终组装和密封时阴极的净氧化态实际上是二氧化锰 ，MnO x，其中x在1.70和1.90之间。 预处理的电池可以通过在未密封的电池中循环阴极，然后替换锌阳极并密封电池来预处理; 或者在电池最终组装和密封之前，向二氧化锰阴极添加还原剂; 或通过向阴极添加过量储备材料。 通过预处理活性阴极材料，基本上部分地降低氧化态，电池的累积容量及其循环寿命得到改善。 由于密封的二氧化锰 - 锌电池的第一循环是放电，随后进行再充电，本发明确保了电池的再充电效率得到改善。 以这种方式，即使在第一次放电循环之后，基本上可以实现电池的完全再充电。 本发明还预期在可再充电的二氧化锰锂电池中，也可以将预处理的二氧化锰阴极与合适的非水电解质一起使用。

    Catalytic recombination of evolved oxygen in galvanic cells
    6.
    发明授权
    Catalytic recombination of evolved oxygen in galvanic cells 失效
    电化学发生氧的催化重组

    公开(公告)号：US4900642A

    公开(公告)日：1990-02-13

    申请号：US405309

    申请日：1989-09-11

    申请人： Klaus Tomantschger ,  Karl Kordesch

    发明人： Klaus Tomantschger ,  Karl Kordesch

    IPC分类号： H01M4/48 ,  H01M10/34 ,  H01M10/52

    CPC分类号： H01M4/48 ,  H01M10/34 ,  H01M10/52

    摘要： In rechargeable, electrochemical cells, oxygen may evolve on charge, overcharge or any reversal of polarity. The invention concerns an auxiliary, electrochemical, transfer electrode to catalyze the recombination of such oxygen with the anode mass. The auxiliary electrode comprises porous carbon bonded with PTFE and is used in a cell having a zinc anode, a metal oxide cathode and an aqueous alkaline electrolyte contacting both anode and cathode.

    摘要翻译： 在可再充电的电化学电池中，氧气可能会在电荷，过充电或任何极性反转中产生。 本发明涉及一种辅助的电化学转移电极，用于催化这种氧与阳极团的复合。 辅助电极包括与PTFE结合的多孔碳，并且用于具有与阳极和阴极接触的锌阳极，金属氧化物阴极和碱性电解质的电池。

    Method and a taper charger for the resistance free charging of a rechargeable battery
    8.
    发明授权
    Method and a taper charger for the resistance free charging of a rechargeable battery 失效
    方法和锥形充电器，用于充电电池的无阻力充电

    公开(公告)号：US4977364A

    公开(公告)日：1990-12-11

    申请号：US335289

    申请日：1989-04-10

    申请人： Karl Kordesch ,  Ronald Ujj

    发明人： Karl Kordesch ,  Ronald Ujj

    IPC分类号： H02J7/00

    CPC分类号： H02J7/0072 ,  H02J7/0085

    摘要： A resistance free constant voltage taper charger for batteries in which a voltage regulator of a conventional type is combined with a conventional instrumentation amplifier in such a way that the output voltage increases by the same amount as a reference voltage coupled to the input of the amplifier is varied. The result will be that the voltage at the final output is constant.The same basic circuit can be complemented with two switches and with a sample and hold circuit controlled by a pulse generator so that in short pulse periods the voltage regulator is disabled and the resistance free electrochemical battery voltage is samples, and during the longer intervals between the periods the sampled and stored value is used to regulate the output voltage so that the electrochemical voltage remains unchanged.

    摘要翻译： 用于电池的无电阻恒压锥形充电器，其中常规类型的电压调节器与传统的仪表放大器组合，使得输出电压增加与耦合到放大器的输入端的参考电压相同的量， 多变。 结果将是最终输出的电压是恒定的。 相同的基本电路可以用两个开关补充，并具有由脉冲发生器控制的采样和保持电路，使得在短脉冲周期内，电压调节器被禁用，电阻无电化学电池电压是采样，并且在较长间隔期间 周期采样和存储的值用于调节输出电压，使得电化学电压保持不变。