摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing 1,3 butadien by means of the oxidative dehydration of n-butenes on a heterogenous particulate multimetal oxide catalyst which contains molybdenum as the active compound and at least one other metal and which is filled into the contact tubes (KR) of two or more tube bundle reactors (R-I, R-II), wherein a heat transfer medium flows around the intermediate space between the contact tubes (KR) of the two or more tube bundle reactors (R-I, R-II). The method includes a production mode and a regeneration mode which are carried out in an alternating manner. In the production mode, an n-butene-containing feed flow is mixed with an oxygen-containing gas flow and conducted as a supply flow (1) over the heterogenous particulate multimetal oxide catalyst filled into the contact tubes (KR) of the two or more tube bundle reactors (R-I, R-II), and the heat transfer medium absorbs the released reaction heat, minus the heat quantity used to heat the supply flow (1) to the reaction temperature in the production mode, by means of an indirect heat exchange and completely or partly dispenses the reaction heat onto a secondary heat transfer medium (H2Oliq) in an external cooler (SBK). In the regeneration mode, the heterogenous particulate multimetal oxide catalyst is regenerated by conducting an oxygen-containing gas mixture (3) over the catalyst and burning off the deposits accumulated on the heterogenous particulate multimetal oxide catalyst. The invention is characterized in that the two or more tube bundle reactors (R-I, R-II) have a single heat transfer medium circuit and as many of the two or more tube bundle reactors (R-I, R-II) as necessary are operated constantly in the production mode so that the released reaction heat, minus the heat quantity used to heat the supply flow (1) to the reaction temperature in the production mode, suffices to keep the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the intermediate spaces between the content tubes (KR) of all the tube bundle reactors (R-I, R-II) at a constant level with a variation range of maximally +/−10 DEG C.
摘要:
A reaction chamber includes: a catalyst that, in use, is wired to a power source in electrical short circuit configuration with a current limiting circuit in the power supply; and a reaction volume in which the catalyst is disposed and wherein reactants are introduced while a current is introduced across the short circuited catalyst. The reaction chamber may also be a part of system that includes the reactant feedstocks and a power supply. In operation, a plurality of reactant feedstocks are provided to a reaction volume within the reactor. The catalyst electrically activated through the short circuit to reacting the reactant feedstocks in the presence of the electrically activated catalyst. The yield product of the reactions is then collected.
摘要:
A reacting apparatus includes a reactor having a supply port and a discharge port, a first member connected to the surface of the reactor having a through hole associated with the supply port, and a second member connected to the surface of the reactor and having a through hole associated with the discharge port, a supply pipe connected to the supply port by way of the through hole of the first member, to supply a fluid before the reaction to the supply port, and a discharge pipe connected to the discharge port by way of the through hole of the second member, to discharge a fluid after the reaction from the discharge port. The supply port and discharge port include a portion covered by a surface of the first member and a portion communicating with the through hole of the first member. The discharge port includes a portion covered by a surface of the second member and a portion communicating with the through hole of the second member. A first opening of the through hole of the first member includes a portion covered by the surface of the reactor and a portion communicating with the supply port. A second opening of the through hole of the second member includes a portion covered by the surface of the reactor and a portion communicating with the discharge port.
摘要:
A chemical reactor includes a first reaction section which has a first flow path and causes a first reaction in the first flow path. A heating section heats the first reaction section. A second reaction section has a second flow path and causes a second reaction in the second flow path by heat of the heating section transmitted via the first reaction section.
摘要:
A shared or common environment membrane reactor containing a plurality of planar membrane modules with top and bottom thin foil membranes supported by both an intermediary porous support plate and a central base which has both solid extended members and hollow regions or a hollow region whereby the two sides of the base are in fluid communication. The membrane reactor operates at elevate temperatures for generating hydrogen from hydrogen rich feed fuels.
摘要:
A process for supplementing steam reformation with hydrogen, oxygen and heat from dissociation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Steam reforming suffers from starting the overall system in an endothermic manner which leads to long start times and limited turndown capability in delivering high quality hydrogen. Using a material such as hydrogen peroxide in a controlled manner allows for instant generation of oxygen-enriched steam, an essential state in reforming hydrocarbons. It additionally, offers the opportunity to relieve parasitic power requirements associated with compressing air to reach the O2 density required for the reforming process and eliminates, or minimizes (as a function of overall power system design requirements) post process cleanup of nitrogen-oxides.
摘要:
A fuel processing system is provided wherein heat is transferred from a reformate flow (32) downstream from a water-gas shift (38) to both a) a combustor feed flow (40) that is supplied to a combustor (25); and b) a water flow (26) that is supplied to a reformer feed mix (34) for a steam reformer (28).
摘要:
Described herein are fuel cell systems and methods of using fuel cell systems. The systems include a fuel cell that generates electrical energy using hydrogen and a fuel processor that produces hydrogen from a fuel source. The fuel processor includes a reformer and a burner that heats the reformer.
摘要:
A catalytic reactor comprises a plurality of fluid-impermeable plates defining side-by-side flow channels between them. Tight fitting within each flow channel is a sheet of corrugated material whose surfaces are coated with catalytic material. At each end of the flow channels there may be headers for supply gas mixtures to the flow channels, the headers communicating with adjacent channels being separate. The reactor enables different gas mixtures to be supplied to adjacent channels, which may be at different pressures, and the corresponding chemical reactions are also different. Where one of the reactions is endothermic while the other reaction is exothermic, heat is transferred through the wall of the tube separating the adjacent channels, from the exothermic reaction to the endothermic reaction. The provision of side=by-side flow channels provides for structural strength and for enhanced heat transfer.
摘要:
Disclosed is a reaction apparatus, comprising a reaction container to receive a supply of a reactant and to cause a reaction of the reactant supplied thereto, wherein the reaction container comprises a hollow box member having a first plate wherein a supplying passage of the reactant is formed, a second plate opposite to the first plate, and a third plate provided continuously with edges of the first and second plates, at least one partition plate which is disposed to partition a space inside the box member and to form a reaction passage through which the reactant flows, the partition plate or each of the partition plates including a diaphragm portion provided substantially in a perpendicular direction to the second plate and a joint portion provided at an end of the diaphragm portion substantially perpendicularly thereto, and the joint portion being joined to an inner surface of the second plate.