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公开(公告)号：US4852535A
公开(公告)日：1989-08-01
申请号：US241960
申请日：1988-09-08
CPC分类号： G05D3/14 , F02D35/0007 , F02D41/2432 , F02D41/2467 , F02D2250/16
摘要： In an automatic control method for moving a final control element, a position sensor delivers actual-position signals representing actual positions of the final control element to a computer, in which said actual position signals are compared with stored desired-position data associated with correcting signals for controlling an actuator for moving the final control element. In dependence on any deviation which is detected between said actual-position signals and desired-value data, the computer corrects the correcting signal so as to eliminate said deviation. To permit said desired-value data to be determined by an automatic operation, the final control element is consecutively moved to two reference positions, which are defined by stops and are disposed at or beyond the ends of the control range of the final control element. The actual-position signals associated with said two reference positions are delivered to said computer as reference position signals, which in said computer are combined with those correcting signals which as reference correcting signals are associated with said two reference positions so as to generate a linear desired-position function in which said desired-position data are related to said correcting signals. After each movement of the final control element to a position within the control range, the computer is operated to detect any deviation between the actual-position signal and that of said desired-position data which in accordance with said function is associated with the last correcting signal.
摘要翻译： 在用于移动最终控制元件的自动控制方法中，位置传感器将表示最终控制元件的实际位置的实际位置信号传送到计算机，其中所述实际位置信号与存储的与校正信号相关联的期望位置数据进行比较 用于控制用于移动最终控制元件的致动器。 根据在所述实际位置信号和期望值数据之间检测到的任何偏差，计算机校正校正信号以消除所述偏差。 为了允许通过自动操作确定所述期望值数据，最终控制元件被连续地移动到由停止限定的两个参考位置，并且被设置在最终控制元件的控制范围的末端。 与所述两个参考位置相关联的实际位置信号作为参考位置信号被传送到所述计算机，所述参考位置信号在所述计算机中与作为参考校正信号与所述两个参考位置相关联的那些校正信号组合，以便产生线性期望 位置函数，其中所述期望位置数据与所述校正信号相关。 在最终控制元件的每次移动到控制范围内的位置之前，操作计算机以检测实际位置信号与所述期望位置数据之间的任何偏差，根据所述功能与最后校正相关联 信号。
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2.发明授权Control system for controlling an internal combustion engine provided with at least one fuel injection pump 失效用于控制设置有至少一个燃料喷射泵的内燃机的控制系统
公开(公告)号：US4729357A
公开(公告)日：1988-03-08
申请号：US905888
申请日：1986-09-10
IPC分类号： F02D11/10 , F02B77/08 , F02D1/02 , F02D1/08 , F02D11/04 , F02D17/00 , F02D41/22 , F02D41/38 , F02M39/00
CPC分类号： F02D41/38 , F02D1/08 , F02D11/04 , F02D2041/226
摘要： A control system for controlling an internal combustion engine which is provided with at least one fuel injection pump which comprises for the control of the fuel injection pump a control rod, a servomotor, which is adapted to be mechanically coupled to said control rod, and a microcomputer for controlling said servomotor in dependence on operating conditions of the engine and on the position of an arbitrarily operable travel control lever. Means are provided for establishing a direct mechanical connection between the arbitrarily operable travel control lever and the control rod so that the latter can be moved under the control of the travel control lever in case of a failure of the electric system which comprises the sensors, the microcomputer and the servomotor.
摘要翻译： 一种用于控制内燃机的控制系统，其配备有至少一个燃料喷射泵，该燃料喷射泵包括用于控制燃料喷射泵的控制杆，适于机械地联接到所述控制杆的伺服电动机，以及 微型计算机，用于根据发动机的操作条件和任意可操作的行驶控制杆的位置来控制所述伺服电动机。 提供了用于在任意可操作的行驶控制杆和控制杆之间建立直接机械连接的装置，使得在包括传感器的电气系统的故障的情况下，可以在行驶控制杆的控制下移动它 微电脑和伺服电机。
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3.发明授权Injection unit associated with each cylinder of a multicylinder diesel engine 失效与多缸柴油发动机的每个气缸相关联的喷射单元
公开(公告)号：US4603811A
公开(公告)日：1986-08-05
申请号：US608977
申请日：1984-05-10
CPC分类号： F02M59/48 , F02M57/02 , F02M57/023 , F02M59/44 , F02B3/06
摘要： An injection unit which is associated with a cylinder of a multicylinder diesel engine and comprises an injection nozzle and an injection piston pump which is disposed in a common housing and is driveable by a cam shaft. Said pump comprises a rotatable pump piston which is displaceable in a pump cylinder and has two control edges disposed axially spaced from each other for at least one fuel passage of the pump cylinder. To obtain the desired injection accuracy by accurately observing only a few dimensions during the production and without further tests, measuring and adjusting operations, the pump piston (3) and the pump cylinder (14) each comprise at least one stop face (24, 25) extending transversely preferably normal to the pump longitudinal axis. Said faces cooperate in the basic position of the pump piston (3) assumed in the installation of the unit in the engine directly or indirectly with simultaneous rotational position fixing of the pump piston (3).
摘要翻译： 一种与多缸柴油发动机的气缸相关联的喷射单元，包括喷射喷嘴和注射活塞泵，其设置在公共壳体中并且可由凸轮轴驱动。 所述泵包括可旋转的泵活塞，所述可旋转的泵活塞可在泵缸中移位，并且具有两个控制边缘，所述两个控制边缘彼此轴向间隔设置用于泵缸的至少一个燃料通道。 为了通过在生产期间仅精细地观察几个尺寸并且不进行进一步的测试，测量和调节操作来获得期望的喷射精度，泵活塞（3）和泵筒（14）各自包括至少一个止挡面（24,25 ）横向延伸，优选地垂直于泵的纵向轴线。 在泵活塞（3）的同时旋转位置固定的情况下，所述的表面协调在泵活塞（3）的基本位置，该基础位置直接或间接地安装在发动机中。
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公开(公告)号：US4490098A
公开(公告)日：1984-12-25
申请号：US487508
申请日：1983-04-22
CPC分类号： F02M59/265 , F02B3/06
摘要： A fuel-injecting pump for diesel engines comprises pump cylinders, which are associated with respective engine cylinders and enclose a pump piston, which is adapted to be driven by a camshaft. The pump cylinders are provided with at least one radial fuel port, which at its opening into the pump cylinder is adapted to be closed and opened by the pump piston, which has two axially spaced apart valve edges. The opening of the fuel port into the pump cylinder has in that region which during the discharge stroke of the pump is first reached by the opening valve edge a substantially larger radius of curvature in the peripheral direction than in the adjacent lateral regions. Said opening and the opening valve edge have a common tangent at that point of the opening which is reached last by the opening valve edge during the discharge stroke of the pump. In order to achieve a rapid pressure drop in the pump cylinder at the end of the fuel injection with simple means in spite of inaccuracies which are due to the manufacture, the opening of the fuel port into the pump cylinder has in that region which is first reached by the opening valve edge a radius of curvature in the peripheral direction which is twice to four times the radius of curvature of a circle having the same area.
摘要翻译： 用于柴油发动机的燃料喷射泵包括泵缸，其与相应的发动机气缸相关联并且包围适于由凸轮轴驱动的泵活塞。 泵缸设置有至少一个径向燃料端口，其在其开口进入泵缸体中适于由具有两个轴向间隔开的阀门边缘的泵活塞关闭和打开。 燃料端口进入泵筒的开口在该区域中，在泵的排出行程中，首先通过打开阀边缘到达圆周方向上的曲率半径大于相邻横向区域的曲率半径。 所述开口和开口阀边缘在开口的该点处具有共同的切线，在泵的排出冲程期间由打开阀边缘最后到达。 为了在燃料喷射结束时尽可能简单的方法实现泵缸中的快速压降，尽管由于制造而导致的不准确性，但是进入泵缸的燃料口的开口在该区域中是第一 由打开阀边缘到达圆周方向的曲率半径，其是具有相同面积的圆的曲率半径的两倍到四倍。
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公开(公告)号：US4715542A
公开(公告)日：1987-12-29
申请号：US833217
申请日：1986-02-25
申请人： Josef Morell , Otto Freudenschuss , Harald Schmidt
发明人： Josef Morell , Otto Freudenschuss , Harald Schmidt
CPC分类号： F02M61/20 , F02M45/083 , F02M61/16
摘要： A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprises a nozzle needle (2) guided in a nozzle body (1) and loaded by a helical pressure spring (4). The nozzle needle (2) moves under the pressure of the fuel out of its closure position onto a stop (6) which in turn is loaded by a further but stronger helical pressure spring (7) and limitedly displaceable against the force thereof. The stronger helical pressure spring (7) surrounds the weaker helical pressure spring (4) and the fuel flows through a bore (5) parallel to the spring axis. To achieve a reduction of the external diameter of the injection nozzle in the region of the two springs (4, 7) the latter arranged eccentrically rather than coaxially. Furthermore, between them a preferably likewise eccentric bush (8) is provided through which in the region of its greatest wall thickness the bore (5) for the inflowing fuel extends.
摘要翻译： 用于内燃机的燃料喷嘴包括在喷嘴体（1）中引导并由螺旋压力弹簧（4）加载的喷嘴针（2）。 喷嘴针（2）在燃料的压力下从其关闭位置移动到止动件（6）上，止动件（6）又由另外但更强的螺旋压力弹簧（7）加载并且有限地抵抗其作用力被移动。 较强的螺旋压力弹簧（7）围绕较弱的螺旋压力弹簧（4），并且燃料流过平行于弹簧轴线的孔（5）。 为了实现在两个弹簧（4,7）的区域中注射喷嘴的外径的减小，后者以偏心而不是同轴的方式布置。 此外，在它们之间提供了优选地同样的偏心衬套（8），在其最大壁厚的区域中，用于流入燃料的孔（5）延伸。
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公开(公告)号：US4715541A
公开(公告)日：1987-12-29
申请号：US833218
申请日：1986-02-25
CPC分类号： F02M61/18 , F02M45/083
摘要： A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprises a nozzle body (1) and a nozzle needle (5) guided therein. The nozzle body (1) terminates in a nozzle cap (3) in which ejection bores (4) are provided and which forms at the inside a conical valve seat (6) against which the nozzle needle (5) is pressed. The nozzle needle (5) lifts under the pressure of the fuel supplied in a first lifting phase against the force of a spring (8) off the valve seat (6) and bears on a stop (19). This stop (19) is limitedly displaceable in a second lifting phase against the force of a further spring (9). To reduce the hydrocarbon emissions in the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine and diminish ignition noise, the generated surface (M) of the imaginary cylinder formed in extension of the ejection bore (4) between the inner edge (R) thereof and the surface of the nozzle needle (5) lifted off the valve seat in the first lifting phase is made smaller than the cross-section of the ejection bore (4).
摘要翻译： 一种用于内燃机的燃料喷嘴，包括在其中引导的喷嘴体（1）和喷嘴针（5）。 喷嘴主体（1）终止于其中设置有喷射孔（4）的喷嘴盖（3），并且在内侧形成锥形阀座（6），喷嘴针（5）被挤压到该锥形阀座。 喷嘴针（5）在第一提升阶段供应的燃料的压力下抵抗离开阀座（6）的弹簧（8）的力提升，并承载在止动件（19）上。 该止挡件（19）在第二提升阶段中有可能抵抗另一弹簧（9）的力而移位。 为了减少内燃机的废气中的碳氢化合物排放并降低点火噪声，在喷射孔（4）的内边缘（R）与表面的内表面（R）之间形成的假想气缸的产生表面（M） 在第一提升阶段中离开阀座的喷嘴针（5）的尺寸小于喷射孔（4）的横截面。
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公开(公告)号：US4585171A
公开(公告)日：1986-04-29
申请号：US708991
申请日：1985-03-07
CPC分类号： F02M55/00 , F02M55/001 , F02M55/007 , F02M57/02 , F02B3/06 , F02D2200/0606
摘要： A fuel injection unit for each cylinder of a diesel engine includes a housing which accommodates a piston pump and an injection nozzle. The piston pump includes a cylinder liner in which a piston runs and controls a flow passage radially extending in the cylinder liner. The flow passage communicates with a supply space which is provided between the housing and the cylinder liner and is divided in vicinity of the flow passage by a baffle sleeve. The so formed two chambers are connected to separate inlet and outlet lines, i.e. that one chamber is connected to the inlet line while the other chamber communicates with the outlet line.
摘要翻译： 用于柴油发动机的每个气缸的燃料喷射单元包括容纳活塞泵和喷射喷嘴的壳体。 活塞泵包括气缸套，其中活塞运行并控制在气缸套中径向延伸的流动通道。 流路与设置在壳体和气缸套之间的供给空间连通，并通过挡板套分隔在流路附近。 这样形成的两个室连接到分离的入口和出口管线，即，一个室连接到入口管线，而另一个室室与出口管路连通。
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公开(公告)号：US08658146B2
公开(公告)日：2014-02-25
申请号：US12679631
申请日：2008-09-24
申请人： Franck Furno , Laurent Wattebled , Anne Ix-Mund , Harald Schmidt , Markus Henn , Jorg Harren
发明人： Franck Furno , Laurent Wattebled , Anne Ix-Mund , Harald Schmidt , Markus Henn , Jorg Harren
IPC分类号： A61L101/34 , A61K31/78
CPC分类号： C08F220/06 , A61L15/46 , A61L15/60 , A61L2300/216 , A61L2300/30 , A61L2300/622 , C08F220/40 , C08J3/128 , C08J3/245 , C08J2300/14 , C08J2333/02
摘要： The present invention relates to a water-absorbing composition comprising water-absorbing polymer structures, on the surface of which is at least one tannin fraction which has a number-average molecular weight, determined in accordance with the test method described herein, of at least 1,000 g/mol, which has a weight-average molecular weight, determined in accordance with the test method described herein, of at least 1,000 g/mol, or which is a hydrolysable gallotannin.The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a water-absorbing composition, the water-absorbing composition obtainable by this process, a composite, a process for the production of a composite, the composite obtainable by this process, chemical products, such as, for example, hygiene articles, the use of a water-absorbing composition or of a composite and the use of a tannin fraction.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种吸水组合物，其包含吸水聚合物结构，其表面至少是根据本文所述的测试方法确定的至少一种具有数均分子量的单宁部分，至少 1,000g / mol，其具有根据本文所述的测试方法测定的重均分子量为至少1,000g / mol，或其是可水解的鞣兰宁。 本发明还涉及一种制备吸水组合物的方法，可通过该方法获得的吸水组合物，复合材料，复合材料的制备方法，通过该方法获得的复合材料，化学产品， 例如卫生制品，吸水组合物或复合材料的使用以及单宁部分的使用。
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9.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20120277429A1
公开(公告)日：2012-11-01
申请号：US13511164
申请日：2010-11-17
申请人： René Dicke , Christoph Hahn , Martin Burger , Andreas Endesfelder , Katarina Rot , Clemens Schwarzinger , Klaus Bretterbauer , Heinrich Trischler , Harald Schmidt
发明人： René Dicke , Christoph Hahn , Martin Burger , Andreas Endesfelder , Katarina Rot , Clemens Schwarzinger , Klaus Bretterbauer , Heinrich Trischler , Harald Schmidt
IPC分类号： C07D251/70
CPC分类号： C07D251/64 , C07D251/70 , C08G12/32
摘要： The present invention relates to Melamine based Mannich compounds of the general formulae (1)-(12) and a process for synthesizing melamine based Mannich-products comprising the steps of a) reacting at least one substituted melamine with at least one aldehyde, in particular formaldehyde, under basic conditions to form at least one OH-containing compound, b) reacting the at least one OH-containing compound in the presence of a catalyst to form at least one mannich-base, c1) reacting the at least one mannich-base with at least one enol-forming carbonyl compound, or c2) reacting the at least one mannich-base with at least one aromatic compound, and d) working up the reaction mixture. The invention relates further to precondensates obtainable from these products.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及通式（1） - （12）的三聚氰胺基曼尼希化合物和合成三聚氰胺的曼尼希产物的方法，包括以下步骤：a）使至少一种取代的三聚氰胺与至少一种醛反应，特别是 甲醛，在碱性条件下形成至少一种含OH化合物，b）在催化剂存在下使所述至少一种含OH化合物反应以形成至少一种甘露糖基，c1）使所述至少一种甘露醇 - 与至少一种烯醇形成羰基化合物反应，或c2）使至少一种甘露糖基与至少一种芳族化合物反应，和d）处理反应混合物。 本发明还涉及可从这些产品获得的预缩合物。
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公开(公告)号：US08247499B2
公开(公告)日：2012-08-21
申请号：US11912219
申请日：2006-04-21
申请人： Mirko Walden , Franck Furno , Harald Schmidt
发明人： Mirko Walden , Franck Furno , Harald Schmidt
CPC分类号： C08F8/44 , A61L15/18 , A61L15/60 , B01J20/26 , B01J2220/68 , C08F220/06 , C08J3/24 , C08J7/12 , C08J2300/14 , C08L33/02 , C08F20/06
摘要： A water-absorbing polymer structure is disclosed, whose surface has been brought into contact with a combination of a metal salt and an oxide of a metal. The invention also relates to a process for treating the surface of water-absorbing polymer structures whereby the surface of water-absorbing polymer structures is brought into contact with a combination of a metal salt and an oxide of a metal at a temperature of from about 50 to about 300° C. The present invention further relates to the water-absorbing polymer structures obtainable by this process, a composite comprising a water-absorbing polymer structure and a substrate, chemical products such as foams and fibers comprising water-absorbing polymer structures or a composite, and the use of a combination of an oxide of a metal and of a metal salt for treatment of the surface of super-absorbing polymer structures.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种吸水聚合物结构，其表面已经与金属盐和金属的氧化物的组合接触。 本发明还涉及一种用于处理吸水聚合物结构表面的方法，其中吸水聚合物结构的表面与金属盐和金属氧化物的组合在约50℃的温度下接触 本发明还涉及通过该方法获得的吸水聚合物结构，包含吸水聚合物结构和基材的复合材料，诸如泡沫的化学产品和包含吸水聚合物结构的纤维 复合材料，以及使用金属和金属盐的氧化物的组合来处理超吸收聚合物结构的表面。
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