公开(公告)号：US06342828B1

公开(公告)日：2002-01-29

申请号：US09001629

申请日：1997-12-31

申请人： Michael Hagemeister ,  Wolfgang Kluge ,  René Rudolph ,  Claus Christian Schüler

发明人： Michael Hagemeister ,  Wolfgang Kluge ,  René Rudolph ,  Claus Christian Schüler

IPC分类号： H01C710

CPC分类号： H01C7/108 ,  H01C7/12 ,  Y10T29/49082

摘要： The resistor is designed in the form of a column and has a cylindrical resistor body which is arranged between two planar electrodes, aligned parallel, and is made of a ceramic material. The resistor is preferably a varistor on a metal-oxide base, and is then used as a voltage-limiting element in an overvoltage suppressor. The strength of the ceramic material and the length of the resistor are chosen to be as great as possible. However, the length of the resistor is at most sufficiently large that damage to the ceramic resistor body caused by thermally produced pressure waves is avoided when the resistor is loaded in an electrical field of given magnitude with at least one highly energetic current pulse of defined amplitude, form and duration.

摘要翻译： 电阻器设计成柱状，并具有圆柱形电阻体，该圆柱形电阻体布置在平行的两个平面电极之间，并由陶瓷材料制成。 电阻器优选是金属氧化物基底上的变阻器，然后用作过电压抑制器中的限压元件。 选择陶瓷材料的强度和电阻器的长度尽可能大。 然而，电阻器的长度至多足够大，当电阻器被加载到给定幅度的电场中时，避免了由热产生的压力波引起的对陶瓷电阻体的损害，并且使用至少一个具有确定振幅的高能电流脉冲 ，形式和持续时间。

公开(公告)号：US06346872B1

公开(公告)日：2002-02-12

申请号：US09714513

申请日：2000-11-17

申请人： Felix Greuter ,  Michael Hagemeister ,  Wolfgang Kluge

发明人： Felix Greuter ,  Michael Hagemeister ,  Wolfgang Kluge

IPC分类号： H01L713

CPC分类号： H01C1/142 ,  H01C7/108 ,  H01C17/28 ,  Y10T29/49082 ,  Y10T29/49101

摘要： The method is used to produce a varistor which has a cylindrical resistance body (1) made from a material based on metal oxide, and two electrodes (2, 3) which are each arranged on one of two mutually parallel end faces of the cylindrical resistance body (1). In a first method step, a layer of electrode material is applied to both end faces, as far as their outer boundary (9), which is designed as a sharp edge. In a second method step, a circular ring (4), which is delimited by the outer boundary (9), runs to as far as the end face of the resistance body (1) and has a width of from approx. 10 to 500 &mgr;m, is removed from the electrode, or the resistance body (1) and electrode are beveled (5′) at the outer boundary. The method allows simple and economic manufacture of a varistor.

摘要翻译： 该方法用于制造具有由基于金属氧化物的材料制成的圆柱形电阻体（1）的变阻器和分别布置在圆柱形电阻的两个相互平行的端面中的一个上的两个电极（2,3） 身体（1）。 在第一方法步骤中，将电极材料层施加到两个端面，直到其外边界（9）被设计为尖锐边缘。 在第二种方法步骤中，由外边界（9）界定的圆环（4）延伸到电阻体（1）的端面的距离，并且具有约 10-500微米从电极上取下，或电阻体（1）和电极在外边界处倾斜（5'）。该方法允许简单经济地制造压敏电阻。

公开(公告)号：US06199268B1

公开(公告)日：2001-03-13

申请号：US09304272

申请日：1999-05-06

申请人： Felix Greuter ,  Michael Hagemeister ,  Wolfgang Kluge

发明人： Felix Greuter ,  Michael Hagemeister ,  Wolfgang Kluge

IPC分类号： H01C1728

CPC分类号： H01C1/142 ,  H01C7/108 ,  H01C17/28 ,  Y10T29/49082 ,  Y10T29/49101

摘要： The method is used to produce a varistor which has a cylindrical resistance body (1) made from a material based on metal oxide, and two electrodes (2, 3) which are each arranged on one of two mutually parallel end faces of the cylindrical resistance body (1). In a first method step, a layer of electrode material is applied to both end faces, as far as their outer boundary (9), which is designed as a sharp edge. In a -second method step, a circular ring (4), which is delimited by the outer boundary (9), runs to as far as the end face of the resistance body (1) and has a width of from approx. 10 to 500 &mgr;m, is removed from the electrode, or the resistance body (1) and electrode are beveled (5′) at the outer boundary. The method allows simple and economic manufacture of a varistor.

摘要翻译： 该方法用于制造具有由基于金属氧化物的材料制成的圆柱形电阻体（1）的变阻器和分别布置在圆柱形电阻的两个相互平行的端面中的一个上的两个电极（2,3） 身体（1）。 在第一方法步骤中，将电极材料层施加到两个端面，直到其外边界（9）被设计为尖锐边缘。 在第二方法步骤中，由外边界（9）限定的圆环（4）延伸到电阻体（1）的端面的距离，并且具有从约 10-500微米从电极上取下，或电阻体（1）和电极在外边界处倾斜（5'）。该方法允许简单经济地制造压敏电阻。

公开(公告)号：US20050016969A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-27

申请号：US10885877

申请日：2004-07-08

申请人： Reto Kessler ,  Felix Greuter ,  Michael Hagemeister

发明人： Reto Kessler ,  Felix Greuter ,  Michael Hagemeister

IPC分类号： C04B41/51 ,  C04B41/88 ,  C23C4/02 ,  H01C7/10 ,  H01C7/108 ,  H01C17/00 ,  H01G4/12 ,  H01G13/00 ,  B23K26/00 ,  H01L21/00 ,  H01L21/20

CPC分类号： C04B41/009 ,  C04B41/51 ,  C04B41/88 ,  C04B2111/00844 ,  H01C7/108 ,  Y10T29/413 ,  Y10T29/49082 ,  C04B41/0036 ,  C04B41/53 ,  C04B35/00

摘要： The manufacturing method for an electroceramic component (1), for example a varistor (1), comprises a laser irradiation of a part (5; 6) of the surface of an electroceramic body (2) before a metallization (3; 4) is applied to the part (5; 6) of the surface. By means of the laser irradiation it is possible to produce a micro-roughness and/or a chemical modification of the surface which permits good adhesion of the metallization, and it is possible to reduce or eliminate areas of unevenness or waviness of that part (5; 6) of the surface of the electroceramic body (2) which is to be metallized. In addition, improved transverse conductivity can be produced, by virtue of which a low contact resistance and a very homogeneous current distribution is achieved, in particular near to the metallization (3; 4). In addition it is possible to remove residues which originate in particular from a sinter support or from the application of a passivation layer. After the laser irradiation, the electroceramic body advantageously has a border (9) which adjoins the part (5; 6) of the surface and which is not laser-irradiated. The laser beam can advantageously be pulsed and focused.

摘要翻译： 用于电瓷部件（1）的制造方法，例如变阻器（1）包括在金属化（3; 4）之前的电陶瓷体（2）的表面的部分（5; 6）的激光照射 施加到表面的部分（5; 6）上。 通过激光照射，可以产生表面的微观粗糙度和/或化学改性，其允许金属化的良好粘合，并且可以减少或消除该部分的不均匀或波纹的区域（5 ; 6）要被金属化的电陶瓷体（2）的表面。 此外，可以产生改善的横向电导率，由此实现了低接触电阻和非常均匀的电流分布，特别是在金属化（3; 4）附近。 此外，可以除去特别是由烧结体支持体产生的残留物，或者去除钝化层的残留物。 在激光照射之后，电陶瓷体有利地具有与表面的部分（5; 6）相邻并且不被激光照射的边界（9）。 激光束可以有利地被脉冲和聚焦。

公开(公告)号：US07651636B2

公开(公告)日：2010-01-26

申请号：US11086907

申请日：2005-03-23

申请人： Hansjoerg Gramespacher ,  Michael Hagemeister ,  Petra Kluge-Weiss ,  Felix Greuter ,  Lise Donzel ,  Reto Kessler

发明人： Hansjoerg Gramespacher ,  Michael Hagemeister ,  Petra Kluge-Weiss ,  Felix Greuter ,  Lise Donzel ,  Reto Kessler

IPC分类号： H01C7/10

CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 ,  H01C7/1006 ,  H01C7/112 ,  H01C17/06546 ,  H01C17/06586

摘要： The invention relates to a nonlinear electrical material with improved microvaristor filler (1′), to devices and electrical apparatuses comprising such nonlinear electrical material and to a production method thereof. According to invention, the filler (1′) comprises larger spherical particles (5) and smaller irregular particles (6) that are arranged interstitially and provide non-point-like and/or multiple contact areas (56, 56a, 56b, 66) owing to their irregular outer shape comprising edges and faces. Embodiments, among other things, relate to: spherical particles (5) being calcinated and broken-up to retain their original shape; irregular, spikly shaped, particles (6) obtained by calcinating or sintering and crushing or fracturing granules or blocks; and addition of a third filler fraction. Advantages, among others, are: higher filler contents, more and more durable inter-particle contacts (56, 56a, 56b, 66), enlarged effective micro-contact area, and improved electrical performance of the nonlinear electrical material.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及具有改进的微电阻填料（1'）的非线性电气材料，涉及包含这种非线性电气材料的装置和电气设备及其制造方法。 根据本发明，填料（1'）包括较大的球形颗粒（5）和较小的不规则颗粒（6），它们间隙布置并提供非点状和/或多个接触区域（56,56a，56b，66） 由于其外形不规则，包括边缘和面。 实施例尤其涉及：球形颗粒（5）被煅烧和分解以保持其原始形状; 通过煅烧或烧结获得的颗粒（6），破碎或压碎颗粒或块; 并加入第三填料部分。 优点包括：较高的填料含量，越来越耐用的颗粒间接触（56,56a，56b，66），扩大的有效微接触面积和改进的非线性电气材料的电性能。

公开(公告)号：US06614640B2

公开(公告)日：2003-09-02

申请号：US09756912

申请日：2001-01-10

申请人： Bernhard Richter ,  Stephan Hoffarth ,  Michael Hagemeister

发明人： Bernhard Richter ,  Stephan Hoffarth ,  Michael Hagemeister

IPC分类号： H01C712

CPC分类号： H01C7/12

摘要： The surge arrester has an arrester housing, two electrical power connections (16, 17) which are routed out of the arrester housing, and at least one varistor, which is arranged in the arrester housing (1, 2), is in the form of a disc and has two contact points which are provided on the end faces. The contact points are each electrically conductively connected to one of the two electrical power connections (16, 17). The varistor contains a non-metallized active part (12) and two elastic contact elements (11, 13) which are pressed against the end faces of the active part (12), forming an electrical contact. The end surfaces (12a, 12b) may be convex or concave instead of being plane-parallel and, if they are in the desired plane-parallel form, form a small angle with respect to one another. The elastic contact elements (11, 13) and the non-metallized end surfaces (12a, 12b) allow good electrical contact in all cases. Since, during manufacture of the active part, the geometric tolerance limits can be kept relatively wide, the surge arrester can be produced extremely cost-effectively.

摘要翻译： 电涌放电器具有避雷器外壳，两个电源连接（16,17）被布置在避雷器外壳之外，并且布置在避雷器壳体（1,2）中的至少一个压敏电阻为 并且具有设置在端面上的两个接触点。 接触点分别导电地连接到两个电力连接件（16,17）中的一个。压敏电阻包含非金属化的有源部分（12）和两个弹性接触元件（11,13），其被压靠在端部 活性部分（12）的表面形成电接触。 端面（12a，12b）可以是凸形或凹形的，而不是平面平行的，并且如果它们处于所需的平面平行形式，则相对于彼此形成小的角度。 弹性接触元件（11,13）和非金属化的端面（12a，12b）在所有情况下都允许良好的电接触。 由于在有源部件的制造期间，几何公差极限可以保持相对较宽，所以可以极其节省成本地制造电涌放电器。

公开(公告)号：US09672964B2

公开(公告)日：2017-06-06

申请号：US12894755

申请日：2010-09-30

申请人： Felix Greuter ,  Michael Hagemeister ,  Oliver Beck ,  Ragnar Osterlund ,  Reto Kessler

发明人： Felix Greuter ,  Michael Hagemeister ,  Oliver Beck ,  Ragnar Osterlund ,  Reto Kessler

IPC分类号： H01C7/112 ,  C04B35/453 ,  H01B1/08

CPC分类号： H01C7/112 ,  C04B35/453 ,  C04B2235/3262 ,  C04B2235/3267 ,  C04B2235/3275 ,  C04B2235/3279 ,  C04B2235/3284 ,  C04B2235/3294 ,  C04B2235/3298 ,  C04B2235/3418 ,  C04B2235/80 ,  C04B2235/81 ,  C04B2235/85 ,  H01B1/08

摘要： The present invention relates to a varistor material for a surge arrester with target switching field strength ranging from 250 to 400 V/mm comprising ZnO forming a ZnO phase and Bi expressed as Bi2O3 forming an intergranular bismuth oxide phase, said varistor material further comprising a spinel phase, characterized in that the amount of a pyrochlore phase comprised in the varistor material is such, that the ratio of the pyrochlore phase to the spinel phase is less than 0.15:1.

公开(公告)号：US20050139373A1

公开(公告)日：2005-06-30

申请号：US10504539

申请日：2003-01-29

申请人： Hansjorg Gramespacher ,  Felix Greuter ,  Michael Hagemeister

发明人： Hansjorg Gramespacher ,  Felix Greuter ,  Michael Hagemeister

IPC分类号： H02G15/068 ,  H02G15/184 ,  H02G15/02

CPC分类号： H02G15/184 ,  H02G15/068 ,  Y10S174/08 ,  Y10T428/1328

摘要： The surrounding body (1) serves to surround the end, a branching or a connecting point of a high-voltage cable. It has an element (3) with a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic line, which serves to control the electric field in the surrounding area. The field control element (3) contains a polymer and a filler embedded in the polymer und containing microvaristors, as well as at least a hollow body section extending along an axis (2) and designed flat, with an axially symmetrical inner surface conductive by deforming the surrounding body (1) to an outer surface of the cable. To ensure good field control in cables, which are operated at high voltages, the inner surface of the hollow body section is designed as a variation of the outer surface of the cable and in such a way that the field control in the surrounding area is achieved by altering the number of microvaristors per surface unit as a result of expansion and/or shrinking of the hollow body section after deforming.

摘要翻译： 周围主体（1）用于围绕高压电缆的端部，分支或连接点。 它具有一个具有非线性电流 - 电压特性线的元件（3），用于控制周围区域的电场。 现场控制元件（3）包含聚合物和填充在聚合物和包含微电阻器中的填料，以及至少一个沿轴线（2）延伸并设计成平坦的中空本体部分，其轴向对称的内表面通过变形导电 周围的主体（1）到电缆的外表面。 为了确保在高电压下操作的电缆中的良好的现场控制，中空主体部分的内表面被设计为电缆的外表面的变化，并且以这样的方式实现周边区域的现场控制 通过改变由于变形后的中空体部分的膨胀和/或收缩而导致的每个表面单元的微电阻器的数量。

公开(公告)号：US07318844B2

公开(公告)日：2008-01-15

申请号：US10885877

申请日：2004-07-08

申请人： Reto Kessler ,  Felix Greuter ,  Michael Hagemeister

发明人： Reto Kessler ,  Felix Greuter ,  Michael Hagemeister

IPC分类号： B23K26/00 ,  H01L21/00 ,  H01L21/20

CPC分类号： C04B41/009 ,  C04B41/51 ,  C04B41/88 ,  C04B2111/00844 ,  H01C7/108 ,  Y10T29/413 ,  Y10T29/49082 ,  C04B41/0036 ,  C04B41/53 ,  C04B35/00

摘要： The manufacturing method for an electroceramic component (1), for example a varistor (1), comprises a laser irradiation of a part (5; 6) of the surface of an electroceramic body (2) before a metallization (3; 4) is applied to the part (5; 6) of the surface. By means of the laser irradiation it is possible to produce a micro-roughness and/or a chemical modification of the surface which permits good adhesion of the metallization, and it is possible to reduce or eliminate areas of unevenness or waviness of that part (5; 6) of the surface of the electroceramic body (2) which is to be metallized. In addition, improved transverse conductivity can be produced, by virtue of which a low contact resistance and a very homogeneous current distribution is achieved, in particular near to the metallization (3; 4). In addition it is possible to remove residues which originate in particular from a sinter support or from the application of a passivation layer. After the laser irradiation, the electroceramic body advantageously has a border (9) which adjoins the part (5; 6) of the surface and which is not laser-irradiated. The laser beam can advantageously be pulsed and focused.

摘要翻译： 用于电瓷部件（1）的制造方法，例如变阻器（1）包括在金属化（3; 4）之前的电陶瓷体（2）的表面的部分（5; 6）的激光照射 施加到表面的部分（5; 6）上。 通过激光照射，可以产生表面的微观粗糙度和/或化学改性，其允许金属化的良好粘合，并且可以减少或消除该部分的不均匀或波纹的区域（5 ; 6）要被金属化的电陶瓷体（2）的表面。 此外，可以产生改善的横向电导率，由此实现了低接触电阻和非常均匀的电流分布，特别是在金属化（3; 4）附近。 此外，可以除去特别是由烧结体支持体产生的残留物，或者去除钝化层的残留物。 在激光照射之后，电陶瓷体有利地具有与表面的部分（5; 6）相邻并且不被激光照射的边界（9）。 激光束可以有利地被脉冲和聚焦。

公开(公告)号：US07170004B2

公开(公告)日：2007-01-30

申请号：US10504539

申请日：2003-01-29

申请人： Hansjoerg Gramespacher ,  Felix Greuter ,  Michael Hagemeister

发明人： Hansjoerg Gramespacher ,  Felix Greuter ,  Michael Hagemeister

IPC分类号： H02G15/18

CPC分类号： H02G15/184 ,  H02G15/068 ,  Y10S174/08 ,  Y10T428/1328

摘要： The surrounding body (1) serves to surround the end, a branching or a connecting point of a high-voltage cable. It has an element (3) with a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic line, which serves to control the electric field in the surrounding area. The field control element (3) contains a polymer and a filler embedded in the polymer und containing microvaristors, as well as at least a hollow body section extending along an axis (2) and designed flat, with an axially symmetrical inner surface conductive by deforming the surrounding body (1) to an outer surface of the cable. To ensure good field control in cables, which are operated at high voltages, the inner surface of the hollow body section is designed as a variation of the outer surface of the cable and in such a way that the field control in the surrounding area is achieved by altering the number of microvaristors per surface unit as a result of expansion and/or shrinking of the hollow body section after deforming.

摘要翻译： 周围主体（1）用于围绕高压电缆的端部，分支或连接点。 它具有一个具有非线性电流 - 电压特性线的元件（3），用于控制周围区域的电场。 现场控制元件（3）包含聚合物和填充在聚合物和包含微电阻器中的填料，以及至少一个沿轴线（2）延伸并设计成平坦的中空本体部分，其轴向对称的内表面通过变形导电 周围的主体（1）到电缆的外表面。 为了确保在高电压下操作的电缆中的良好的现场控制，中空主体部分的内表面被设计为电缆的外表面的变化，并且以这样的方式实现周边区域的现场控制 通过改变由于变形后的中空体部分的膨胀和/或收缩而导致的每个表面单元的微电阻器的数量。