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    Monolithic 2D optical switch and method of fabrication
    1.
    发明授权
    Monolithic 2D optical switch and method of fabrication 失效
    单片2D光开关及其制作方法

    公开(公告)号：US06430333B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-08-06

    申请号：US09550077

    申请日：2000-04-14

    申请人： Michael J. Little ,  Andrei M. Shkel

    发明人： Michael J. Little ,  Andrei M. Shkel

    IPC分类号： G02B626

    CPC分类号： G02B6/3584 ,  G02B6/32 ,  G02B6/3512 ,  G02B6/3546 ,  G02B6/357 ,  G02B6/3582

    摘要： A sequence of MEMS processing steps are used to construct a 2D optical switch on a single substrate. In a typical optical switch configuration, an array of hinged micromirrors are supported by an array of posts at a 45° angle to the input and output optical paths and positioned parallel to the substrate either above, below or, perhaps, in the optical paths. The application of a voltage between the mirror and its control electrodes switches the mirror to a vertical position where it intercepts and deflects light travelling down the optical paths. The posts are suitably oriented at a 90° angle with respect to the mirror hinges so that they do not interfere with the optical paths and, may be configured to function as baffles to reduce crosstalk between adjacent optical paths.

    摘要翻译： 使用一系列MEMS处理步骤在单个基板上构造2D光开关。 在典型的光开关配置中，铰链式微镜阵列由与输入和输出光路成45°角的支柱阵列支撑，并且在光路上方或下方（或许在光路上）平行于衬底定位。 在反射镜和其控制电极之间施加电压将反射镜切换到垂直位置，在该垂直位置上它拦截并偏转沿着光路行进的光。 柱相对于镜面铰链适当地定向成90°角，使得它们不干涉光路，并且可以被配置为用作挡板以减少相邻光路之间的串扰。

    Applications and fabrication techniques for large scale wire grid polarizers
    2.
    发明授权
    Applications and fabrication techniques for large scale wire grid polarizers 失效
    大尺寸线栅偏振器的应用和制造技术

    公开(公告)号：US07561332B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-07-14

    申请号：US11289660

    申请日：2005-11-28

    申请人： Michael J. Little ,  Charles W. McLaughlin

    发明人： Michael J. Little ,  Charles W. McLaughlin

    IPC分类号： G02B5/30

    CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 ,  G02B5/3058

    摘要： A wire grid polarizer may be fabricated by forming plurality of substantially-straight metallic lines of predetermined periodicity Λ on a thin film substrate A plurality of substantially straight nanometer-scale periodic surface relief structures is created on a surface of the substrate. The periodic surface relief structures cover a region greater than about 4 centimeters in length and greater than about 4 centimeters in width, wherein the periodicity Λ is between about 10 nanometers and about 500 nanometers. One or more layers of material are formed on the periodic relief structures. The one or more layers include one or more conductor materials that form the plurality of substantially straight metallic lines over a region of the substrate greater than about 4 centimeters in length and greater than about 4 centimeters in width.

    摘要翻译： 线栅偏振器可以通过在薄膜基板上形成预定周期性λ的多个基本上直的金属线来制造。在基板的表面上形成多个基本上直的纳米级的周期性表面浮雕结构。 周期性表面浮雕结构覆盖长度大于约4厘米并且宽度大于约4厘米的区域，其中周期Lambda在约10纳米至约500纳米之间。 在周期性浮雕结构上形成一层或多层材料。 一个或多个层包括一个或多个导体材料，其在衬底的区域上形成大于约4厘米长和大于约4厘米宽度的多个基本上直的金属线。

    REFLECTIVE POLARIZER CONFIGURATION FOR LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS
    3.
    发明申请
    REFLECTIVE POLARIZER CONFIGURATION FOR LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS 审中-公开
    液晶显示器的反射偏振器配置

    公开(公告)号：US20080129930A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-06-05

    申请号：US11566103

    申请日：2006-12-01

    申请人： Michael J. Little

    发明人： Michael J. Little

    IPC分类号： G02F1/1335

    CPC分类号： G02F1/133536 ,  G02F2001/133545 ,  G02F2001/133548 ,  G02F2201/16

    摘要： A direct view display apparatus is disclosed. The direct view display apparatus comprises a source of backlight, a liquid crystal array; a tandem reflective polarizer having two or more reflective polarizer elements disposed in tandem between the source of backlight and the liquid crystal array; and a second polarizer. The liquid crystal array is disposed between the tandem reflective polarizers and the second polarizer. The second polarizer is an absorptive polarizer.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种直视图显示装置。 直视图显示装置包括背光源，液晶阵列; 串联反射型偏振器，其具有两个或更多个反射型偏振器元件，其串联布置在背光源和液晶阵列之间; 和第二偏振器。 液晶阵列设置在串联反射偏振器和第二偏振器之间。 第二偏振器是吸收型偏振器。

    Non-photolithographic method for forming a wire grid polarizer for optical and infrared wavelengths
    4.
    发明授权
    Non-photolithographic method for forming a wire grid polarizer for optical and infrared wavelengths 失效
    用于形成用于光学和红外波长的线栅偏振器的非光刻方法

    公开(公告)号：US07351346B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-04-01

    申请号：US11001449

    申请日：2004-11-30

    申请人： Michael J. Little

    发明人： Michael J. Little

    IPC分类号： C23F1/00 ,  B44C1/22

    CPC分类号： G02B5/3058

    摘要： A method for forming a plurality of parallel metal lines on a substrate of thin film elastomeric material and a wire grid polarizer formed by such method. A sacrificial layer is formed by coating the substrate with a water soluble polymer while the substrate is stretched. The existing tensile force is removed, leaving an undulating topology of buckled sacrificial layer material. A masking layer is then deposited at an oblique angle and then fractured into parallel lines of material by application of a second tensile force. Unmasked portions of the sacrificial layer are removed by dry etch. A metallic layer is then deposited and a lift off process employed to remove remaining portions of the sacrificial layer and materials deposited thereover. Upon removal of the second tensile force, the substrate returns to its unstressed length with metal lines of predetermined periodicity thereon.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于在薄膜弹性体材料的基底上形成多条平行金属线的方法和通过这种方法形成的线栅偏振器。 牺牲层通过在将基材拉伸时用水溶性聚合物涂布基板而形成。 消除现有的拉力，留下起伏的牺牲层材料的拓扑结构。 然后将掩模层以倾斜角度沉积，然后通过施加第二张力而断裂成平行的材料线。 通过干蚀刻去除牺牲层的未掩模部分。 然后沉积金属层，并采用剥离工艺去除牺牲层的剩余部分和沉积在其上的材料。 在去除第二张力时，衬底在其上以预定周期的金属线返回到其不受应力的长度。

    Membrane-actuated charge controlled mirror
    5.
    发明授权
    Membrane-actuated charge controlled mirror 有权
    膜驱动电荷控制镜

    公开(公告)号：US5991066A

    公开(公告)日：1999-11-23

    申请号：US172613

    申请日：1998-10-15

    申请人： William P. Robinson ,  Michael J. Little ,  Eric A. Gifford

    发明人： William P. Robinson ,  Michael J. Little ,  Eric A. Gifford

    IPC分类号： B81B3/00 ,  G02B26/08 ,  G02B26/02

    CPC分类号： G02B26/0841

    摘要： An electrostatically actuated micromirror light modulator that exhibits increased deflection range, better charge efficiency and improved electrostatic stability. A thin insulating membrane decouples the electron beam from the micromirror array inside the vacuum cell. The membrane is just thick enough to stop the incident electrons from penetrating through to the mirrors but is thin enough to maintain resolution of the deposited charge pattern. An equipotential layer beneath the mirror array prevents any attractive force from being developed due to the accumulation of static charge on the surface of the light modulator that may otherwise cause the mirror to snap-over and become stuck to the substrate.

    摘要翻译： 具有增加的偏转范围，更好的充电效率和改进的静电稳定性的静电致动微镜光调制器。 电绝缘膜将真空电池内的微镜阵列的电子束去耦。 膜刚刚足够大以阻止入射的电子穿透到反射镜，但是足够薄以保持沉积的电荷图案的分辨率。 在镜阵列下方的等电位层防止由于光调制器表面上的静电荷的累积而引起的任何吸引力，否则可能导致镜子卡扣并粘附到基底上。

    Method and improved apparatus for analyzing heart activity
    6.
    发明授权
    Method and improved apparatus for analyzing heart activity 失效
    用于分析心脏活动的方法和改进的装置

    公开(公告)号：US4628939A

    公开(公告)日：1986-12-16

    申请号：US550350

    申请日：1983-11-10

    申请人： Michael J. Little ,  Harry A. Dellamano

    发明人： Michael J. Little ,  Harry A. Dellamano

    IPC分类号： A61B5/0404 ,  A61B5/044 ,  A61B7/00 ,  A61B5/02

    CPC分类号： A61B5/044 ,  A61B5/0404 ,  A61B7/00

    摘要： A method and associated means for producing simultaneous electrical representations of the electrical and acoustical (heart sound) activity of the heart, in which a pickup device and associated circuits produce a full wave rectified symmetrical heart sound signal annotated by pulses developed from the QRS wave of the electrocardiogram signal.The pickup device is designed to permit the direct (unbuffered) application of the pickup electrodes to the skin of the body and to provide a control of the associated circuits when not in contact with the body to shorten response times when the pickup device is placed in contact with the body.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于产生心脏的电和声（心脏声）活动的同时电表示的方法和相关装置，其中拾取装置和相关联的电路产生由从QRS波的QRS波形成的脉冲注释的全波整流的对称心音信号 心电图信号。 拾取装置被设计成允许拾取电极直接（非缓冲）地应用到身体的皮肤，并且当不与身体接触时提供对相关联电路的控制，以缩短拾取装置放置时的响应时间 与身体接触。

    Means and method for inducing uniform parallel alignment of liquid crystal material in a liquid crystal cell
    7.
    发明授权
    Means and method for inducing uniform parallel alignment of liquid crystal material in a liquid crystal cell 失效
    用于在液晶单元中引起液晶材料的均匀平行排列的方法和方法

    公开(公告)号：US4153529A

    公开(公告)日：1979-05-08

    申请号：US570303

    申请日：1975-04-21

    申请人： Michael J. Little ,  Hugh L. Garvin ,  Yat-Shir Lee

    发明人： Michael J. Little ,  Hugh L. Garvin ,  Yat-Shir Lee

    IPC分类号： G02F1/1337 ,  C23C15/00 ,  G02F1/13

    CPC分类号： G02F1/13378 ,  G02F1/133734

    摘要： Electrode surfaces are coated with a passivating material (silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or titanium dioxide) or with a reflecting material (chromium or chromium and gold) or with a special alignment material (carbon) using standard vacuum sputtering, vacuum evaporation, electrodeposition, or chemical vapor deposition techniques. After sufficient thickness of material has been deposited, the substrate is exposed to a broad or narrow beam of neutralized argon ions of a few kilo-electron-volts energy. The beam of argon ions is incident at a grazing angle to the surface, typically 20.degree.. Exposure of the overcoating results in a microscopic condition believed to comprise a "corrugated" surface with "ridges" and "valleys" parallel to the direction of the incident beam. These microscopically fine grooves or streaks are (1) reproducibly effective in causing parallel alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, (2) are durable to repeated cleaning procedures and air-bake treatments, and (3) are amenable to production applications in conjunction with vacuum deposition equipment.

    摘要翻译： 电极表面用钝化材料（二氧化硅，氧化铝或二氧化钛）或反射材料（铬或铬和金）或特殊对准材料（碳）涂覆，使用标准真空溅射，真空蒸发，电沉积或 化学气相沉积技术。 在沉积足够厚度的材料之后，将衬底暴露于几千伏特电压能量的宽或窄的中和的氩离子束。 氩离子束以表面的掠角入射，通常为20°。 外涂曝光导致微观状态，认为包含“波纹”表面，其平行于入射光束的方向具有“脊”和“谷”。 这些显微细微的凹槽或条纹是（1）可重复地有效地引起液晶分子的平行排列，（2）耐反复清洁程序和空气烘烤处理，以及（3）适合与真空结合的生产应用 沉积设备。