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    Silicide compositions containing alkali metals and methods of making the same
    2.
    发明授权
    Silicide compositions containing alkali metals and methods of making the same 有权
    含有碱金属的硅化物组合物及其制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US08986643B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-03-24

    申请号：US13445557

    申请日：2012-04-12

    申请人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James L. Dye

    发明人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James L. Dye

    IPC分类号： C01B3/06 ,  C01B3/08 ,  C01B33/06

    CPC分类号： C11D7/04 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C01B3/08 ,  C01B33/06 ,  C11D17/042 ,  F24V30/00 ,  Y02E60/364

    摘要： The invention relates to a method of making alkali metal silicide compositions, and the compositions resulting from the method, comprising mixing an alkali metal with silicon and heating the resulting mixture to a temperature below about 475° C. The resulting compositions do not react with dry O2. Also, the invention relates to sodium silicide compositions having a powder X-ray diffraction pattern comprising at least three peaks with 2Theta angles selected from about 18.2, 28.5, 29.5, 33.7, 41.2, 47.4, and 56.2 and a solid state 23Na MAS NMR spectra peak at about 18 ppm. Moreover, the invention relates to methods of removing a volatile or flammable substance in a controlled manner. Furthermore, the alkali metal silicide compositions of the invention react with water to produce hydrogen gas.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种制备碱金属硅化物组合物的方法和由该方法得到的组合物，其包括将碱金属与硅混合并将所得混合物加热至低于约475℃的温度。所得组合物不与干 O2。 此外，本发明涉及具有粉末X射线衍射图的硅化钠组合物，其包含至少三个具有选自约18.2,28.5,29.5,33.7,41.2,47.4和56.2的2θ角的峰和固态23Na MAS NMR光谱 峰值约为18ppm。 此外，本发明涉及以受控方式除去挥发性或易燃物质的方法。 此外，本发明的碱金属硅化物组合物与水反应产生氢气。

    ENHANCED CRUDE OIL RECOVERY USING METAL SILICIDES
    3.
    发明申请
    ENHANCED CRUDE OIL RECOVERY USING METAL SILICIDES 有权
    使用金属硅胶增强原油恢复

    公开(公告)号：US20140196896A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-07-17

    申请号：US14126187

    申请日：2012-06-14

    申请人： Paul H. Krumrine ,  James S. Falcone ,  Michael Lefenfeld

    发明人： Paul H. Krumrine ,  James S. Falcone ,  Michael Lefenfeld

    IPC分类号： E21B43/24

    CPC分类号： E21B33/14 ,  C04B7/02 ,  C09K8/46 ,  C09K8/58 ,  E02D3/12 ,  E21B33/138 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21B43/2408

    摘要： Enhanced oil recovery techniques include introduction of alkali metal silicides into subterranean reservoirs to generate hydrogen gas, heat, and alkali metal silicate solutions in situ upon contact with water. The alkali metal silicides, such as sodium silicide, are used to recover hydrocarbons, including heavier crudes where viscosity and low reservoir pressure are limiting factors. Hydrogen, which is miscible with the crude oil and can beneficiate the heavier fractions into lighter fractions naturally or with addition of catalytic materials, is generated in-situ. It. Heat is also generated at the reaction site to reduce viscosity and promote crude beneficiation. The resulting alkaline silicate solution saponifies acidic crude components to form surfactants which emulsify the crude to improve mobility toward a production well. The silicate promotes profile modification passively via consumptive reactions or actively via addition of acidic gelling agents.

    摘要翻译： 增强的油回收技术包括将碱金属硅化物引入地下储层以在与水接触时原位产生氢气，热和碱金属硅酸盐溶液。 使用诸如硅化钠的碱金属硅化物来回收烃，包括较重的原油，其中粘度和低储层压力是限制因素。 氢原子与原油混溶，可以将天然或加入催化物质的较重馏分从原料中精制而成。 它。 在反应部位也产生热，以降低粘度，促进粗选。 所得碱性硅酸盐溶液皂化酸性粗组分以形成乳化原油的表面活性剂，以改善生产井的流动性。 硅酸盐通过消耗性反应被动地促进形态修饰，或通过加入酸性胶凝剂来主动地促进形态修饰。

    Silicide compositions containing alkali metals and methods of making the same
    4.
    发明申请
    Silicide compositions containing alkali metals and methods of making the same 有权
    含有碱金属的硅化物组合物及其制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US20060002839A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-01-05

    申请号：US11151661

    申请日：2005-06-14

    申请人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James Dye

    发明人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James Dye

    IPC分类号： C01B33/06

    CPC分类号： C11D7/04 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C01B3/08 ,  C01B33/06 ,  C11D17/042 ,  F24V30/00 ,  Y02E60/364

    摘要： The invention relates to a method of making alkali metal silicide compositions, and the compositions resulting from the method, comprising mixing an alkali metal with silicon and heating the resulting mixture to a temperature below about 475° C. The resulting compositions do not react with dry O2. Also, the invention relates to sodium silicide compositions having a powder X-ray diffraction pattern comprising at least three peaks with 2Theta angles selected from about 18.2, 28.5, 29.5, 33.7, 41.2, 47.4, and 56.2 and a solid state 23Na MAS NMR spectra peak at about 18 ppm. Moreover, the invention relates to methods of removing a volatile or flammable substance in a controlled manner. Furthermore, the alkali metal silicide compositions of the invention react with water to produce hydrogen gas.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种制备碱金属硅化物组合物的方法和由该方法得到的组合物，其包括将碱金属与硅混合并将所得混合物加热至低于约475℃的温度。所得组合物不与干 O 2 。 此外，本发明涉及具有包含至少三个峰的粉末X射线衍射图的硅化钠组合物，其中2个角度选自约18.2,28.5,29.5,33.7,41.2,47.4和56.2，固态23 Na MAS NMR光谱峰在约18ppm。 此外，本发明涉及以受控方式除去挥发性或易燃物质的方法。 此外，本发明的碱金属硅化物组合物与水反应产生氢气。

    Catalytic dehydration of alcohols using non-volatile acid catalysts
    6.
    发明授权
    Catalytic dehydration of alcohols using non-volatile acid catalysts 有权
    使用非挥发性酸催化剂催化脱醇

    公开(公告)号：US09040741B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-05-26

    申请号：US13497627

    申请日：2010-07-29

    申请人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  Robert Hoch

    发明人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  Robert Hoch

    IPC分类号： C07C33/00 ,  C07C1/24

    CPC分类号： C07C1/24 ,  C07C2529/40 ,  C07C2529/83 ,  C07C2529/84 ,  C07C2529/85 ,  Y02P20/127 ,  C07C11/04 ,  C07C11/02

    摘要： A catalytic process for dehydration of an aliphatic C2-C6 alcohol to its corresponding olefin is disclosed. The process continuously flows through a reaction zone a liquid phase containing an aliphatic C2-C6 alcohol to contact a non-volatile acid catalyst at a reaction temperature and pressure to at least partially convert the aliphatic C2-C6 alcohol in the liquid phase to its corresponding olefin. The reaction pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure and the reaction temperature is above the boiling point of the olefin at reaction pressure, but below the critical temperature of the alcohol, and the olefin product is substantially in the gaseous phase. After the contacting step, the olefin containing gaseous phase is separated from the liquid phase. The invention also relates to catalytic processes such as a hydrolysis of an olefin to an alcohol, an esterification, a transesterification, a polymerization, an aldol condensation or an ester hydrolysis.

    摘要翻译： 公开了将脂肪族C 2 -C 6醇脱水到其相应烯烃的催化方法。 该方法在反应区中连续流过含有脂肪族C 2 -C 6醇的液相，以在反应温度和压力下与非挥发性酸催化剂接触以至少部分地将液相中的脂族C 2 -C 6醇转化为相应的 烯烃。 反应压力大于大气压，并且反应温度在反应压力下高于烯烃的沸点，但低于醇的临界温度，烯烃产物基本上处于气相。 在接触步骤之后，将含烯烃的气相与液相分离。 本发明还涉及催化方法，例如将烯烃水解成醇，酯化，酯交换，聚合，醛醇缩合或酯水解。

    CATALYTIC DEHYDRATION OF ALCOHOLS USING NON-VOLATILE ACID CATALYSTS
    7.
    发明申请
    CATALYTIC DEHYDRATION OF ALCOHOLS USING NON-VOLATILE ACID CATALYSTS 有权
    使用非挥发性酸催化剂的醇催化脱氢

    公开(公告)号：US20120220796A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-08-30

    申请号：US13497627

    申请日：2010-07-29

    申请人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  Robert Hoch

    发明人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  Robert Hoch

    IPC分类号： C07C1/20 ,  C07C45/00 ,  C07C31/08 ,  C07C31/02 ,  C07C69/003

    CPC分类号： C07C1/24 ,  C07C2529/40 ,  C07C2529/83 ,  C07C2529/84 ,  C07C2529/85 ,  Y02P20/127 ,  C07C11/04 ,  C07C11/02

    摘要： A catalytic process for dehydration of an aliphatic C2-C6 alcohol to its corresponding olefin is disclosed. The process continuously flows through a reaction zone a liquid phase containing an aliphatic C2-C6 alcohol to contact a non-volatile acid catalyst at a reaction temperature and pressure to at least partially convert the aliphatic C2-C6 alcohol in the liquid phase to its corresponding olefin. The reaction pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure and the reaction temperature is above the boiling point of the olefin at reaction pressure, but below the critical temperature of the alcohol, and the olefin product is substantially in the gaseous phase. After the contacting step, the olefin containing gaseous phase is separated from the liquid phase. The invention also relates to catalytic processes such as a hydrolysis of an olefin to an alcohol, an esterification, a transesterification, a polymerization, an aldol condensation or an ester hydrolysis.

    摘要翻译： 公开了将脂族C 2 -C 6醇脱水成其相应的烯烃的催化方法。 该方法在反应区中连续流过含有脂肪族C 2 -C 6醇的液相，以在反应温度和压力下与非挥发性酸催化剂接触以至少部分地将液相中的脂族C 2 -C 6醇转化为相应的 烯烃。 反应压力大于大气压，并且反应温度在反应压力下高于烯烃的沸点，但低于醇的临界温度，烯烃产物基本上处于气相。 在接触步骤之后，将含烯烃的气相与液相分离。 本发明还涉及催化方法，例如将烯烃水解成醇，酯化，酯交换，聚合，醛醇缩合或酯水解。

    Lithium-porous metal oxide compositions and lithium reagent-porous metal compositions
    8.
    发明授权
    Lithium-porous metal oxide compositions and lithium reagent-porous metal compositions 有权
    锂多孔金属氧化物组合物和锂试剂多孔金属组合物

    公开(公告)号：US08197707B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-06-12

    申请号：US11852820

    申请日：2007-09-10

    申请人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James L. Dye ,  Partha Nandi ,  James Jackson

    发明人： Michael Lefenfeld ,  James L. Dye ,  Partha Nandi ,  James Jackson

    IPC分类号： H01M4/58 ,  B05D5/12

    CPC分类号： C07F1/02 ,  C01C1/026 ,  C01D15/00 ,  C01P2002/86 ,  C01P2002/87 ,  C01P2002/89 ,  C01P2006/16 ,  Y02P20/52

    摘要： The invention relates to lithium metal/porous metal oxide compositions. These lithium metal compositions are prepared by mixing liquid lithium metal with a porous metal oxide in an inert atmosphere under exothermic conditions sufficient to absorb the liquid lithium metal into the porous metal oxide pores. The lithium metal/porous metal oxide compositions of the invention are preferably loaded with lithium metal up to about 40% by weight, with about 20% to 40% by weight being the most preferred loading. The invention also relates to lithium reagent-porous metal oxide compositions having RLi absorbed into a porous oxide. The preparation and use of these compositions are also described.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及锂金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物。 这些锂金属组合物通过在惰性气氛中将液态锂金属与多孔金属氧化物混合，在足以将液态锂金属吸收到多孔金属氧化物孔中的放热条件下来制备。 本发明的锂金属/多孔金属氧化物组合物优选负载高达约40重量％的锂金属，其中最优选的负载量为约20重量％至40重量％。 本发明还涉及具有吸收到多孔氧化物中的RLi的锂试剂多孔金属氧化物组合物。 还描述了这些组合物的制备和用途。

    Water reactive hydrogen generation system and method with separation of waste products from water reactive materials
    10.
    发明授权
    Water reactive hydrogen generation system and method with separation of waste products from water reactive materials 有权
    水反应氢生成系统和废水与水反应性物质分离的方法

    公开(公告)号：US09156687B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-10-13

    申请号：US13465863

    申请日：2012-05-07

    申请人： Andrew P. Wallace ,  John M. Melack ,  Michael Lefenfeld

    发明人： Andrew P. Wallace ,  John M. Melack ,  Michael Lefenfeld

    IPC分类号： C01B3/06 ,  B01J19/00 ,  C01B3/50 ,  B01J7/02

    CPC分类号： C01B3/06 ,  B01J7/02 ,  C01B3/065 ,  C01B3/501 ,  Y02E60/362

    摘要： A water reactive hydrogen generation system includes devices and methods to combine reactant fuel materials and aqueous solutions to generate hydrogen. The generated hydrogen is used in a fuel cell or other application. The water reactive hydrogen generation system includes a reactant fuel chamber, a reactor chamber (zone), a water solution inlet, a hydrogen output port, and a material delivery device. The material delivery device can include a drive screw and a sliding piston to move the fuel material into the reactor zone when a reaction is initiated. As the reaction takes place, the reaction waste product is removed from the reaction zone to allow additional reactant fuel materials and aqueous solutions to be introduced and to continue the hydrogen-generating reaction. A reaction waste product created is exchanged for additional reactant fuel material at determined intervals to allow the reaction to continue until the reactant fuel is exhausted.

    摘要翻译： 水反应性氢生成系统包括将反应物燃料和水溶液组合以产生氢的装置和方法。 产生的氢气用于燃料电池或其他应用。 水反应性氢产生系统包括反应物燃料室，反应室（区），水溶液入口，氢输出口和物料输送装置。 当反应开始时，材料输送装置可以包括驱动螺杆和滑动活塞以将燃料材料移动到反应器区域中。 当反应发生时，将反应废物从反应区除去，以允许引入另外的反应物燃料材料和水溶液并继续发生氢反应。 将所产生的反应废物与确定的间隔交换用于附加的反应物燃料，以允许反应持续直至反应物燃料排出。