摘要:
A plurality of laminated rubber or rubber-like elastoplastic ring-configured pads vertically stacked and secured together to provide seismic damping for a building structure. The laminated pads include ring-like steel plates or solid disk-like steel plates to form one laminated stage of a multi-stage seismic damping device. A plurality of damping devices are used to support a vibratable mass on a building structure. The combination of stacked ring-configured elastoplastic pads and steel plates provides a damping device having a high lateral deformation capacity with a long period and high resistance to buckling. The damping device is suitable for protecting building structures having long natural periods, such as multi-storied buildings.
摘要:
A laminated hollow rubber damper with increased buckling strength and lengthened period of vibration. The buckling strength of a hollow laminated rubber damper is increased by making at least the inside or the outside wall of the damper of non-uniform section, such as obtained with an arcuately concave wall. By taking advantage of the improved buckling strength of hollow laminated rubber dampers, both the deformability in a horizontal direction and the period of the damper are increased. The hollow laminated rubber damper may be used as a spring element in an active or passive type vibration control device, or as a supporting device suitable for the protection of structures having long natural periods, such as multi-storied buildings.
摘要:
A seismic vibration control device for structures which employs a combination of primary and secondary vibratable masses to attenuate the vibration of a structure. The primary vibratable mass is passive and is supported on the structure. One or more active secondary vibratable masses are supported on the primary mass. Control forces are selectively applied to the secondary masses to control the period of the primary mass in a manner which is most effective to attenuate the seismic vibration of the structure.
摘要:
A vibration control device of an active type for a structure comprising a first additional mass body movable relative to the structure; spring means for giving a period to the additional mass body which synchronizes with the natural period of the structure; a second additional mass body supported by and movable relative to the first additional mass body; and drive means for applying a control force between the first and second additional mass bodies in response to a sensed vibrations of an earthquake or the like. Laminated rubber support provides main spring means for synchronizing with the assumed natural period of the structure. Auxiliary spring means, such as laminated rubber or coil springs, is separately provided for fine tuning the period of the device. The responses from the structure are reduced by adjusting the difference between the assumed and actual natural periods of the structure by use of the auxiliary spring means and by providing the control force from the drive means.
摘要:
A device to protect tall buildings from structural damage due to seismic vibration and/or high winds. The device comprises a first mass equal to about 1/500 to 1/1000 of the weight of the building to be protected. The first mass, provided with an upper arcuately concave surface with matching curved tracks, is horizontally secured on rubber dampers to an appropriate portion of the building, such as the roof or an upper floor. A second mass, equal to about 1/20 to 1/100 of the weight of the first mass, is positioned to oscillate on the curved tracks in synchronization with the natural frequency of the building, whereby the response of the building due to seismic vibration or high winds is attenuated. The curved tracks can function as the stator of a linear motor and the second mass can function as the motor driver.
摘要:
A substantially self-contained vibration control system for building structures. A building has mounted on its roof, or an upper level floor, a hollow concrete-steel first mass carried on high damping rubber supports. Within the hollow of the first mass a second mass is mounted on anti-friction rollers which roll on a low coefficient of friction interior floor of the first mass. The first and second masses are interconnected with a single means to vibrate these masses with a period of vibration which can be synchronized with the vibration period of the building to attenuate building vibration.
摘要:
A positive vibration suppression apparatus is disclosed, which suppresses vibrations of a building caused by earthquakes or winds by applying a control force to the building. The apparatus comprises a weight provided on the top of the building in a suspended form to reduce friction and an actuator provided between the weight and the building. The vibration suppression apparatus is controlled through sensing of the vibrations of the building and weight by a sensor, whereas for excessive vibrations of the building the vibrations of the weight are made close to the vibrations of the building to protect the apparatus, because the capacity of the vibration suppression apparatus is limited. Further, in an oil hydraulic system for obtaining a great control force, small and large size oil hydraulic pumps connected to respective small and large size electric motors and an accumulator are provided in parallel, so that the apparatus is warmed up at all time for oil hydraulic control with low power consumption. Two or more vibration suppression apparatuses are controlled at the same time according to the shape of the building to cope with torsional and secondary vibration components.
摘要:
An image processing apparatus includes a detecting unit that detects whether image data for each of the lines in generated image information is chromatic or achromatic; and a determining unit that determines whether the original is chromatic or achromatic based on a detection result of the detecting unit for a first area of the image information, excluding a detection result for a predetermined second area of the image information, the predetermined second area including an end line among the lines in a scanning direction of the original.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to the preparation of photoresist polymers via living free radical polymerization techniques. Sterically bulky ester monomers are utilized as the polymerization components. Use of chain transfer agents is included in polymerization processing conditions. Cleavage of polymer terminal end groups that include a heteroatom are described.
摘要:
The invention provides novel acid generators which are unproblematic in combustibility and accumulation inside the human body and can generate acids having high acidities and high boiling points and exhibiting properly short diffusion lengths in resist coating films and which permit the formation of resist patterns excellent smoothness with little dependence on the denseness of a mask pattern; sulfonic acids generated from the acid generators; sulfonyl halides useful as raw material in the synthesis of the acid generators; and radiation-sensitive resin compositions containing the acid generators. The acid generators have structures represented by the general formula (I), wherein R1 is a monovalent substituent such as alkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, or alkoxysulfonyl, R2 to R4 are each hydrogen or alkyl; k is an integer of 0 or above; and n is an integer of 0 to 5. Among the radiation-sensitive resin compositions, a positive one contains a resin having acid-dissociable groups in addition to the above acid generator, while a negative one contains an alkali-soluble resin and a crosslinking agent in addition to the acid generator.