Abstract:
A printed circuit board is provided including a lower interconnect, a base insulating film formed on the lower interconnect, and a via hole formed on the base insulating film, and an upper interconnect connected to the lower interconnect with the via hole. The base insulating film has a thickness of about 3 to 100 nullm and has a breaking strength of about 80 MPa or more at a temperature of 23null C. and when the base insulating film is defined to have a breaking strength nullanull at a temperature of null65null C. and a breaking strength nullbnull at a temperature of 150null C., a value of a ratio (a/b) is about 4.5 or less.
Abstract:
An in-plane-switching liquid crystal display unit has a two-dimensional matrix of pixel regions each including a first auxiliary region and a second auxiliary region. When no electric field is applied, liquid crystal molecules in the first and second auxiliary regions are directed in respective orientations that lie at 90null with respect to each other. When a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are rotated in the same direction while maintaining their orientations in the first and second auxiliary regions at 90null with respect to each other. Alternatively, the liquid crystal molecules in the first and second auxiliary regions are directed in the same orientation when no electric field is applied, and when a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are rotated opposite directions while maintaining their orientations in symmetric relationship.