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公开(公告)号：US20120279522A1
公开(公告)日：2012-11-08
申请号：US13139173
申请日：2010-01-26
CPC分类号： C02F5/12 , C02F1/683 , C02F1/70 , C02F1/72 , C02F2209/02 , C02F2209/06 , C02F2303/08
摘要： The present invention provides methods and compositions useful for conditioning and removing solid deposits that have formed on or otherwise accumulated within one or more components including, for example, scale formed within a steam generating system. The aqueous cleaning compositions incorporate one or more quaternary ammonium hydroxides characterized by pKa values no less than about 13.5. These quaternary ammonium hydroxides may be used alone or in combination with one or more additives including, for example, chelating agents, reducing or oxidizing agents, pH adjustment agents, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, complexing agents, dispersants and combinations thereof.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了用于调节和除去在一种或多种组分中形成或以其他方式积聚在其中的固体沉积物的方法和组合物，包括例如在蒸汽发生系统内形成的垢。 水性清洁组合物掺入一种或多种以不低于约13.5的pKa值表征的季铵氢氧化物。 这些季铵氢氧化物可以单独使用或与一种或多种添加剂组合使用，包括例如螯合剂，还原剂或氧化剂，pH调节剂，表面活性剂，腐蚀抑制剂，络合剂，分散剂及其组合。
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公开(公告)号：US08728246B2
公开(公告)日：2014-05-20
申请号：US13139173
申请日：2010-01-26
IPC分类号： B08B9/00
CPC分类号： C02F5/12 , C02F1/683 , C02F1/70 , C02F1/72 , C02F2209/02 , C02F2209/06 , C02F2303/08
摘要： The present invention provides methods and compositions useful for conditioning and removing solid deposits that have formed on or otherwise accumulated within one or more components including, for example, scale formed within a steam generating system. The aqueous cleaning compositions incorporate one or more quaternary ammonium hydroxides characterized by pKa values no less than about 13.5. These quaternary ammonium hydroxides may be used alone or in combination with one or more additives including, for example, chelating agents, reducing or oxidizing agents, pH adjustment agents, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, complexing agents, dispersants and combinations thereof.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了用于调节和除去在一种或多种组分中形成或以其他方式积聚在其中的固体沉积物的方法和组合物，包括例如在蒸汽发生系统内形成的垢。 水性清洁组合物掺入一种或多种以不低于约13.5的pKa值表征的季铵氢氧化物。 这些季铵氢氧化物可以单独使用或与一种或多种添加剂组合使用，包括例如螯合剂，还原剂或氧化剂，pH调节剂，表面活性剂，腐蚀抑制剂，络合剂，分散剂及其组合。
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公开(公告)号：US08459277B2
公开(公告)日：2013-06-11
申请号：US12630729
申请日：2009-12-03
CPC分类号： F22B37/002 , B08B3/00 , B08B9/00 , B08B2230/01 , C23G5/00 , F22B37/486 , F28G9/00 , G21F9/002 , G21F9/28 , G21F9/30
摘要： Disclosed are methods and apparatus for cleaning heat exchangers and similar vessels by introducing chemical cleaning solutions and/or solvents while maintaining a target temperature range by direct steam injection into the cleaning solution. The steam may be injected directly into the heat exchanger or into a temporary side stream loop for recirculating the cleaning solution or admixed with fluids being injected to the heat exchanger. The disclosed methods are suitable for removing metallic oxides from a heat exchanger under chemically reducing conditions or metallic species such as copper under chemically oxidizing conditions. In order to further enhance the heat transfer efficiency of heating cleaning solvents by direct steam injection, mixing on the secondary side of the heat exchanger can be enhanced by gas sparging or by transferring liquid between heat exchangers when more than one heat exchanger is being cleaned at the same time.
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公开(公告)号：US20110303247A1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-15
申请号：US13063443
申请日：2009-12-03
CPC分类号： F22B37/002 , B08B3/00 , B08B9/00 , B08B2230/01 , C23G5/00 , F22B37/486 , F28G9/00 , G21F9/002 , G21F9/28 , G21F9/30
摘要： Disclosed are methods and apparatus for cleaning heat exchangers and similar vessels by introducing chemical cleaning solutions and/or solvents while maintaining a target temperature range by direct steam injection into the cleaning solution. The steam may be injected directly into the heat exchanger or into a temporary side stream loop for recirculating the cleaning solution or admixed with fluids being injected to the heat exchanger. The disclosed methods are suitable for removing metallic oxides from a heat exchanger under chemically reducing conditions or metallic species such as copper under chemically oxidizing conditions. In order to further enhance the heat transfer efficiency of heating cleaning solvents by direct steam injection, mixing on the secondary side of the heat exchanger can be enhanced by gas sparging or by transferring liquid between heat exchangers when more than one heat exchanger is being cleaned at the same time.
摘要翻译： 公开了通过引入化学清洁溶液和/或溶剂来清洁热交换器和类似容器的方法和装置，同时通过直接蒸汽注入清洁溶液来保持目标温度范围。 蒸汽可以直接注入到热交换器中，或者直接注入到临时侧流回路中，用于再循环清洗溶液或与被注入到热交换器中的流体混合。 所公开的方法适用于在化学还原条件下从热交换器除去金属氧化物或在化学氧化条件下从金属物质例如铜中除去金属氧化物。 为了通过直接蒸汽喷射进一步提高加热清洗溶剂的传热效率，可以通过气体喷射或者当多个热交换器被清洁时在热交换器之间传送液体来增强热交换器的二次侧的混合 同一时间。
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公开(公告)号：US08999072B2
公开(公告)日：2015-04-07
申请号：US13063443
申请日：2009-12-03
IPC分类号： B08B3/00 , B08B9/00 , B08B9/02 , F22B37/00 , C23G5/00 , F22B37/48 , F28G9/00 , G21F9/00 , G21F9/28 , G21F9/30
CPC分类号： F22B37/002 , B08B3/00 , B08B9/00 , B08B2230/01 , C23G5/00 , F22B37/486 , F28G9/00 , G21F9/002 , G21F9/28 , G21F9/30
摘要： Disclosed are methods and apparatus for cleaning heat exchangers and similar vessels by introducing chemical cleaning solutions and/or solvents while maintaining a target temperature range by direct steam injection into the cleaning solution. The steam may be injected directly into the heat exchanger or into a temporary side stream loop for recirculating the cleaning solution or admixed with fluids being injected to the heat exchanger. The disclosed methods are suitable for removing metallic oxides from a heat exchanger under chemically reducing conditions or metallic species such as copper under chemically oxidizing conditions. In order to further enhance the heat transfer efficiency of heating cleaning solvents by direct steam injection, mixing on the secondary side of the heat exchanger can be enhanced by gas sparging or by transferring liquid between heat exchangers when more than one heat exchanger is being cleaned at the same time.
摘要翻译： 公开了通过引入化学清洁溶液和/或溶剂来清洁热交换器和类似容器的方法和装置，同时通过直接蒸汽注入清洁溶液来保持目标温度范围。 蒸汽可以直接注入到热交换器中，或者直接注入到临时侧流回路中，用于再循环清洗溶液或与被注入到热交换器中的流体混合。 所公开的方法适用于在化学还原条件下从热交换器除去金属氧化物或在化学氧化条件下从金属物质例如铜中除去金属氧化物。 为了通过直接蒸汽喷射进一步提高加热清洗溶剂的传热效率，可以通过气体喷射或者当多个热交换器被清洁时在热交换器之间传送液体来增强热交换器的二次侧的混合 同一时间。
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公开(公告)号：US20110209730A1
公开(公告)日：2011-09-01
申请号：US12630729
申请日：2009-12-03
IPC分类号： B08B9/00
CPC分类号： F22B37/002 , B08B3/00 , B08B9/00 , B08B2230/01 , C23G5/00 , F22B37/486 , F28G9/00 , G21F9/002 , G21F9/28 , G21F9/30
摘要： Disclosed are methods and apparatus for cleaning heat exchangers and similar vessels by introducing chemical cleaning solutions and/or solvents while maintaining a target temperature range by direct steam injection into the cleaning solution. The steam may be injected directly into the heat exchanger or into a temporary side stream loop for recirculating the cleaning solution or admixed with fluids being injected to the heat exchanger. The disclosed methods are suitable for removing metallic oxides from a heat exchanger under chemically reducing conditions or metallic species such as copper under chemically oxidizing conditions. In order to further enhance the heat transfer efficiency of heating cleaning solvents by direct steam injection, mixing on the secondary side of the heat exchanger can be enhanced by gas sparging or by transferring liquid between heat exchangers when more than one heat exchanger is being cleaned at the same time.
摘要翻译： 公开了通过引入化学清洁溶液和/或溶剂来清洁热交换器和类似容器的方法和装置，同时通过直接蒸汽注入清洁溶液来保持目标温度范围。 蒸汽可以直接注入到热交换器中，或者直接注入到临时侧流回路中，用于再循环清洗溶液或与被注入到热交换器中的流体混合。 所公开的方法适用于在化学还原条件下从热交换器除去金属氧化物或在化学氧化条件下从金属物质例如铜中除去金属氧化物。 为了通过直接蒸汽喷射进一步提高加热清洗溶剂的传热效率，可以通过气体喷射或者当多个热交换器被清洁时在热交换器之间传送液体来增强热交换器的二次侧的混合 同一时间。
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7.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07561332B2
公开(公告)日：2009-07-14
申请号：US11289660
申请日：2005-11-28
IPC分类号： G02B5/30
CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 , G02B5/3058
摘要： A wire grid polarizer may be fabricated by forming plurality of substantially-straight metallic lines of predetermined periodicity Λ on a thin film substrate A plurality of substantially straight nanometer-scale periodic surface relief structures is created on a surface of the substrate. The periodic surface relief structures cover a region greater than about 4 centimeters in length and greater than about 4 centimeters in width, wherein the periodicity Λ is between about 10 nanometers and about 500 nanometers. One or more layers of material are formed on the periodic relief structures. The one or more layers include one or more conductor materials that form the plurality of substantially straight metallic lines over a region of the substrate greater than about 4 centimeters in length and greater than about 4 centimeters in width.
摘要翻译： 线栅偏振器可以通过在薄膜基板上形成预定周期性λ的多个基本上直的金属线来制造。在基板的表面上形成多个基本上直的纳米级的周期性表面浮雕结构。 周期性表面浮雕结构覆盖长度大于约4厘米并且宽度大于约4厘米的区域，其中周期Lambda在约10纳米至约500纳米之间。 在周期性浮雕结构上形成一层或多层材料。 一个或多个层包括一个或多个导体材料，其在衬底的区域上形成大于约4厘米长和大于约4厘米宽度的多个基本上直的金属线。
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公开(公告)号：US20080129930A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-05
申请号：US11566103
申请日：2006-12-01
申请人： Michael J. Little
发明人： Michael J. Little
IPC分类号： G02F1/1335
CPC分类号： G02F1/133536 , G02F2001/133545 , G02F2001/133548 , G02F2201/16
摘要： A direct view display apparatus is disclosed. The direct view display apparatus comprises a source of backlight, a liquid crystal array; a tandem reflective polarizer having two or more reflective polarizer elements disposed in tandem between the source of backlight and the liquid crystal array; and a second polarizer. The liquid crystal array is disposed between the tandem reflective polarizers and the second polarizer. The second polarizer is an absorptive polarizer.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种直视图显示装置。 直视图显示装置包括背光源，液晶阵列; 串联反射型偏振器，其具有两个或更多个反射型偏振器元件，其串联布置在背光源和液晶阵列之间; 和第二偏振器。 液晶阵列设置在串联反射偏振器和第二偏振器之间。 第二偏振器是吸收型偏振器。
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9.发明授权Non-photolithographic method for forming a wire grid polarizer for optical and infrared wavelengths 失效用于形成用于光学和红外波长的线栅偏振器的非光刻方法公开(公告)号：US07351346B2
公开(公告)日：2008-04-01
申请号：US11001449
申请日：2004-11-30
申请人： Michael J. Little
发明人： Michael J. Little
CPC分类号： G02B5/3058
摘要： A method for forming a plurality of parallel metal lines on a substrate of thin film elastomeric material and a wire grid polarizer formed by such method. A sacrificial layer is formed by coating the substrate with a water soluble polymer while the substrate is stretched. The existing tensile force is removed, leaving an undulating topology of buckled sacrificial layer material. A masking layer is then deposited at an oblique angle and then fractured into parallel lines of material by application of a second tensile force. Unmasked portions of the sacrificial layer are removed by dry etch. A metallic layer is then deposited and a lift off process employed to remove remaining portions of the sacrificial layer and materials deposited thereover. Upon removal of the second tensile force, the substrate returns to its unstressed length with metal lines of predetermined periodicity thereon.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在薄膜弹性体材料的基底上形成多条平行金属线的方法和通过这种方法形成的线栅偏振器。 牺牲层通过在将基材拉伸时用水溶性聚合物涂布基板而形成。 消除现有的拉力，留下起伏的牺牲层材料的拓扑结构。 然后将掩模层以倾斜角度沉积，然后通过施加第二张力而断裂成平行的材料线。 通过干蚀刻去除牺牲层的未掩模部分。 然后沉积金属层，并采用剥离工艺去除牺牲层的剩余部分和沉积在其上的材料。 在去除第二张力时，衬底在其上以预定周期的金属线返回到其不受应力的长度。
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公开(公告)号：US06430333B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-06
申请号：US09550077
申请日：2000-04-14
申请人： Michael J. Little , Andrei M. Shkel
发明人： Michael J. Little , Andrei M. Shkel
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： G02B6/3584 , G02B6/32 , G02B6/3512 , G02B6/3546 , G02B6/357 , G02B6/3582
摘要： A sequence of MEMS processing steps are used to construct a 2D optical switch on a single substrate. In a typical optical switch configuration, an array of hinged micromirrors are supported by an array of posts at a 45° angle to the input and output optical paths and positioned parallel to the substrate either above, below or, perhaps, in the optical paths. The application of a voltage between the mirror and its control electrodes switches the mirror to a vertical position where it intercepts and deflects light travelling down the optical paths. The posts are suitably oriented at a 90° angle with respect to the mirror hinges so that they do not interfere with the optical paths and, may be configured to function as baffles to reduce crosstalk between adjacent optical paths.
摘要翻译： 使用一系列MEMS处理步骤在单个基板上构造2D光开关。 在典型的光开关配置中，铰链式微镜阵列由与输入和输出光路成45°角的支柱阵列支撑，并且在光路上方或下方（或许在光路上）平行于衬底定位。 在反射镜和其控制电极之间施加电压将反射镜切换到垂直位置，在该垂直位置上它拦截并偏转沿着光路行进的光。 柱相对于镜面铰链适当地定向成90°角，使得它们不干涉光路，并且可以被配置为用作挡板以减少相邻光路之间的串扰。
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