摘要:
An apparatus for controlling spark advance in an internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle, characterized by a circuit arrangement which is operative to detect the angular speed of rotation of the engine output shaft in a digital fashion and produce digital signals responsive to changes in preselected operating conditions such as engine output speed and intake manifold vacuum for controlling the spark advance in accordance with predetermined schedules. The spark advance is thus controlled without being affected by negligible or incidental transient fluctuations in the operating conditions of the engine and the advance characteristics can be readily altered by varying the schedules on which the digital signals are produced.
摘要:
In a spark-ignited internal combustion engine having a plurality of combustion chambers, at least one combustion chamber is intentionally caused to misfire either periodically or continuously to increase the amount of unburned fuel in the exhaust gas when the temperature in the thermal reactor drops excessively during, e.g., idling of the engine. An ignition system for performing the method has a supplementary ignition primary circuit which is normally disconnected from the ignition coil primary, but causes the secondary voltage either to become zero periodically or to lower when connected with the ignition coil primary. Alternatively, the ignition timing is retarded from a normal timing in a portion of the combustion chambers to raise the exhaust gas temperature. An ignition system for the ignition timing retardation has a supplementary circuit which prevents certain times of the breaks in the primary circuit from producing sparks in the intended combustion chambers and supplies a high voltage pulse to each of these combustion chambers with a predetermined time delay from each of the breaks which are made ineffectual.
摘要:
An exhaust gas recirculation control system for an internal combustion engine, in which a feedback signal representing the amount of actually recirculated exhaust gas is produced by detecting the concentration of either CO.sub.2 or H.sub.2 O, which is contained in the exhaust gas in a nearly constant concentration, in combustible gas mixture diluted with recirculated exhaust gas.
摘要:
The recirculation rate estimation means comprises three temperature sensors to respectively measure temperatures of intaken air, recycled exhaust gas and resulting mixture, and an analog computing unit to produce a signal representing an actual recirculation rate based on the temperature data and predeterminate specific heat values of the respective gases.
摘要:
A sensor such as an oxygen sensor or a carbon monoxide sensor generates an electrical signal responsive to the oxygen or carbon monoxide concentration in exhaust gases discharged from an exhaust purifying device. Under the control of the electrical signal regulating means the amount of secondary air to the exhaust purifying devices is regulated.
摘要:
To effect EGR in an internal combustion engine with the maintenance of adequate balance between the suppression of NO.sub.x formation and preservation of stable engine operation, the condition of combustion in the engine is taken as the basis of feedback control of the volume of recirculated exhaust gas so as to correct a deviation of the total amount of the recirculated exhaust gas and unexhausted combustion gas in the combustion chamber from a desired amount. The intensity of an ionic current produced upon combustion in each combustion chamber, the magnitude of mechanical vibration of the engine or the frequency of misfire in a combustion chamber is detected as an exact indication of the condition of combustion.
摘要:
In a PWM control type power supply apparatus, a modulation (high frequency) signal component is eliminated from an AC output. The PWM control type power supply apparatus includes: AC-to-DC converting means coupled to an AC (alternating current) power source capable of supplying a first AC voltage having a low frequency from a pair of output terminals, for converting the first AC voltage to obtain a positive DC (direct current) voltage from a positive half cycle of the first AC voltage appearing at one output terminal and a negative DC voltage from a negative half cycle of the first AC voltage appearing at one output terminal with a common voltage appearing at the other output terminal; and, DC-to-AC inverter means including a pair of first and second switching elements, and a PWM (pulse width modulation) controller for controlling switching operations of the first and second switching elements in a PWM control mode so as to invert the positive and negative DC voltage into a second AC voltage having a modulation frequency higher than the low frequency with respect to the common voltage output terminal, whereby the second AC voltage contains no modulation frequency component.
摘要:
This detective circuit detects an abnormal drop of an input voltage of a switching regulator of the flyback system. From the secondary winding of the switching regulator, a constant voltage controlled dc voltage is delivered through a diode. This circuit is provided with a peak voltage charging circuit which detects the peak value of a voltage produced in a direction opposite to the forward direction of the diode, and a voltage comparator which compares the peak value with a setting value. Since this peak value is in proportion to the input voltage, the output of the voltage comparator indicates an abnormal drop of the input voltage.
摘要:
An intake manifold of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine is constructed so as to feed a rich air-fuel mixture into certain cylinders, and a lean mixture into the others.