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公开(公告)号：US06296814B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-02
申请号：US09190858
申请日：1998-11-10
申请人： Stanley P. Bonk , Glenn W. Scheffler , Peter F. Foley , Thomas J. Corrigan , Richard A. Sederquist , Francis A. Kocum
发明人： Stanley P. Bonk , Glenn W. Scheffler , Peter F. Foley , Thomas J. Corrigan , Richard A. Sederquist , Francis A. Kocum
IPC分类号： B01J802
CPC分类号： H01M8/0631 , B01J8/008 , B01J8/062 , B01J2208/00495 , B01J2208/00504 , B01J2208/00884 , B01J2219/185 , B01J2219/1928 , B01J2219/1943 , C01B3/384 , C01B2203/0227 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/0816 , C01B2203/0844 , C01B2203/0866 , C01B2203/1011 , C01B2203/1052 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/1604
摘要： A compact and efficient fuel reformer which is operable to produce a hydrogen-enriched process fuel from a raw fuel such as natural gas, or the like includes a compact array of catalyst tubes which are contained in a heat-insulated housing. The catalyst tube array preferably includes a multitude of catalyst tubes that are arranged in a hexagonal array. The housing includes internal hexagonal thermal insulation so as to ensure even heating of the catalyst tubes. The diameter of the tubes is sized so that spacing between adjacent tubes in the array can be minimized for efficient heat transfer. The interior of each of the catalyst tubes includes a hollow dead-ended central tube which serves as a fines trap for collecting catalyst fines that may become entrained in the fuel stream. The catalyst tubes are also provided with an upper frusto-conical portion which serves to extend the catalyst bed and provide a catalyst reserve. The assembly includes a side-fired startup burner which allows for an improved diffusion burner orifice array at the top of the reformer. The catalyst tubes are supported by side walls of the assembly in a manner that stabilizes the tubes in the assembly. In the assembly, the internal transverse manifold plates are tied together by portions of the tube assemblies so as to form a composite beam that supports the weight of the catalyst tube array.
摘要翻译： 可操作地从诸如天然气等原料燃料生产富氢处理燃料的紧凑且有效的燃料重整器包括包含在绝热壳体中的紧凑的催化剂管阵列。 催化剂管阵列优选地包括以六边形阵列排列的多个催化剂管。 外壳包括内六角形绝热，以确保均匀加热催化剂管。 管的直径的尺寸使得阵列中的相邻管之间的间隔可以最小化以便有效地传热。 每个催化剂管的内部包括中空的死端中心管，其用作用于收集可能被夹带在燃料流中的催化剂细粒的细粒阱。 催化剂管还设置有上截头圆锥形部分，其用于延伸催化剂床并提供催化剂储备。 该组件包括侧燃式启动燃烧器，其允许在重整器的顶部具有改进的扩散燃烧器孔阵列。 催化剂管由组件的侧壁以使组件中的管稳定的方式支撑。 在组件中，内部横向歧管板通过管组件的一部分连接在一起，以形成支撑催化剂管阵列重量的复合梁。
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公开(公告)号：US5792572A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-11
申请号：US656569
申请日：1996-05-31
申请人： Peter F. Foley , Francis J. Luczak , John L. Preston, Jr. , Christopher R. Teeling , Richard D. Breault , Robert R. Fredley , Glenn W. Scheffler
发明人： Peter F. Foley , Francis J. Luczak , John L. Preston, Jr. , Christopher R. Teeling , Richard D. Breault , Robert R. Fredley , Glenn W. Scheffler
CPC分类号： B01D53/58 , H01M8/0662 , H01M2300/0008 , H01M8/04014 , H01M8/0612
摘要： Ammonia which is found in fuel cell fuel gases is removed therefrom by passing the fuel gas stream through a scrubber bed of porous carbon pellets containing phosphoric acid. The ammonia reacts with the phosphoric acid in the scrubber bed to form ammonium phosphate compounds which remain in the scrubber bed. The ammonia content of the fuel gas stream is thus lowered to a concentration of about one ppm or less. By maintaining the temperature of the fuel gas stream passing through the scrubber bed in a range of about 400.degree. F. to about 450.degree. F. sufficient phosphoric acid will also be evaporated from the scrubber bed to replace acid electrolyte lost during operation of the power plant. Adjustments in the temperature of the fuel gas flowing through the scrubber may be made in order to match electrolyte losses which occur during different operating phases of the power plant. The scrubber formed in accordance with this invention thus serves two functions, one being to remove ammonia from the fuel gas stream, and the other being to replenish electrolyte lost in the power plant during normal operation thereof.
摘要翻译： 在燃料电池燃料气体中发现的氨通过使燃料气流通过含有磷酸的多孔碳粒料的洗涤床而被除去。 氨与洗涤床中的磷酸反应形成残留在洗涤床中的磷酸铵化合物。 因此，燃料气流的氨含量降低至约1ppm或更低的浓度。 通过将通过洗涤器床的燃料气体流的温度保持在约400°F至约450°F的范围内。足够的磷酸也将从洗涤床中蒸发以代替在功率运行期间损失的酸性电解质 厂。 可以对流过洗涤器的燃料气体的温度进行调节，以便匹配在发电厂的不同运行阶段期间发生的电解质损失。 因此，根据本发明形成的洗涤器具有两个功能，一个是从燃料气流中除去氨，另一个是在正常操作期间补充在发电厂中损失的电解质。
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公开(公告)号：US06514635B2
公开(公告)日：2003-02-04
申请号：US09770042
申请日：2001-01-25
IPC分类号： H01M800
CPC分类号： H01M8/04447 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04303 , H01M8/04455 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04798 , H01M8/0662 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/2457
摘要： A procedure for shutting down an operating fuel cell system that recirculates a portion of the anode exhaust in a recycle loop, includes disconnecting the primary load from the external circuit, stopping the flow of air to the cathode, and applying an auxiliary resistive load across the cells to reduce and/or limit cell voltage and reduce the cathode potential while fuel is still flowing to the anode and the anode exhaust is recirculating. The fuel flow is then stopped, but the anode exhaust continues to be circulated in the recycle loop to bring the hydrogen therein into contact with a catalyst in the presence of oxygen to convert the hydrogen to water, such as in a catalytic burner. The recirculating is continued until substantially all the hydrogen is removed. The cell may then be completely shut down. No inert gas purge is required as part of the shut-down process.
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公开(公告)号：US5837395A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-17
申请号：US576606
申请日：1995-12-21
CPC分类号： H01M8/0271 , H01M4/8626 , H01M2300/0008 , H01M8/0273
摘要： The present invention discloses a corrosion resistant fuel cell in which an ion impermeable protective layer is positioned over at least a portion of the noncatalyzed carbon based components. This layer prevents reactant ions or molecules form reaching localized high potential areas of these components and corroding the carbon material.
摘要翻译： 本发明公开了一种耐腐蚀燃料电池，其中离子不可渗透的保护层位于非催化的碳基组分的至少一部分上。 该层防止反应物离子或分子形成到这些组分的局部高电位区域并腐蚀碳材料。
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公开(公告)号：US4824740A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-25
申请号：US198604
申请日：1988-05-09
CPC分类号： H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04119
摘要： Fuel Cell stack coolant water is processed by moving the two-phase water/steam coolant exhaust through a steam separator wherein the water phase is separated from the steam phase. The water phase is then moved through a heat exchanger where its temperature is lowered to a subcooled level which is below the coolant operating temperature in the stack. A flow control valve is associated with the coolant heat exchanger to regulate water flow through and/or around the heat exchanger depending on the temperature of the water which leaves the steam separator. By subcooling the coolant before it reenters the stack, a lessening of electrolyte loss through evaporation is achieved. By eliminating steam condensation as a form of system heat rejection, system engineering is simplified and construction costs are lowered.
摘要翻译： 燃料电池堆冷却水通过将两相水/蒸汽冷却剂排气通过蒸汽分离器移动来处理，其中水相与蒸汽相分离。 然后将水相移动通过热交换器，其中其温度降低到低于堆中的冷却剂操作温度的过冷水平。 流量控制阀与冷却剂热交换器相关联，以根据离开蒸汽分离器的水的温度调节通过热交换器和/或周围的水流。 通过在冷却剂重新进入堆叠之前过冷却，实现通过蒸发减少电解质损失。 通过消除蒸汽冷凝作为系统排热的一种形式，简化了系统工程，降低了施工成本。
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公开(公告)号：US06187466B1
公开(公告)日：2001-02-13
申请号：US09121756
申请日：1998-07-23
IPC分类号： H01M200
CPC分类号： H01M8/0234 , H01M8/0247 , H01M8/0263 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0271 , H01M8/04074 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/2483
摘要： A fuel cell (10), having a proton exchange membrane (48), an anode and a cathode, and cathode and anode water transport plates (12, 16), includes a water capillary edge seal to optimize and greatly improve fuel cell operation without the need for additional seals or impregnation of the water transport plates. The water filled porous bodies of the water transport plates (12, 16) use the capillary forces of the water, which is a product of the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell (10) and the preferred coolant, to prevent gas intrusion into the water system and over board leakage of the gases as well as the resultant hazardous mixture of gaseous fuel and oxidizing gas.
摘要翻译： 具有质子交换膜（48），阳极和阴极以及阴极和阳极水输送板（12,16）的燃料电池（10）包括水毛细管边缘密封，以优化并大大改善燃料电池操作而没有 需要额外的密封或浸渍水输送板。 水输送板（12,16）的充水多孔体使用作为燃料电池（10）和优选冷却剂的电化学反应的产物的水的毛细管力，以防止气体侵入水中 系统和板上的气体泄漏以及所产生的气体燃料和氧化气体的有害混合物。
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7.发明授权Water management system for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell power plants 失效固体聚合物电解质燃料电池发电厂水管理系统
公开(公告)号：US5503944A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-02
申请号：US497674
申请日：1995-06-30
CPC分类号： H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04029 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M8/04291
摘要： A simplified solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell power plant utilizes porous conductive separator plates having central passages which are filled with circulating coolant water. The coolant water passes through a heat exchanger which rejects heat generated in the power plant. Water appearing on the cathode side of each cell membrane is pumped into the water circulation passages through the porous oxidant reactant flow field plates by a positive .DELTA.P created between the cathode reactant flow field of each cell and the coolant water circulation passages between each cell. In order to create the desired .DELTA.P, at least one of the reactant gas streams will be referenced to the coolant water loop so as to create a coolant loop pressure which is less than the referenced reactant gas stream pressure. Excess water is removed from the coolant water stream. The system can operate at ambient or at elevated pressures. Each cell in the power plant is individually cooled on demand, and the power plant does not require a separate cooling section or reactant stream humidifying devices.
摘要翻译： 简化的固体聚合物电解质燃料电池发电厂利用具有填充有循环冷却水的中心通道的多孔导电隔板。 冷却水通过热交换器，排除发电厂产生的热量。 出现在每个电池膜的阴极侧的水通过多孔氧化剂反应物流场板通过在每个电池的阴极反应物流场和每个电池之间的冷却水循环通道之间产生的正的DELTA P泵送到水循环通道中。 为了产生所需的DELTA P，反应物气流中的至少一个将以冷却水回路为参考，以产生小于参考反应物气流压力的冷却剂回路压力。 从冷却水流中除去过量的水。 该系统可以在环境温度或高压下工作。 电厂中的每个电池都需要单独冷却，发电厂不需要单独的冷却段或反应物流加湿装置。
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公开(公告)号：US4781241A
公开(公告)日：1988-11-01
申请号：US90305
申请日：1987-08-27
申请人： Robert Misage , Glenn W. Scheffler , Herbert J. Setzer , Paul R. Margiott , Edmund K. Parenti, Jr.
发明人： Robert Misage , Glenn W. Scheffler , Herbert J. Setzer , Paul R. Margiott , Edmund K. Parenti, Jr.
CPC分类号： F28D7/0083 , F22B33/18 , F28D7/0066 , F28D7/08 , F28D7/085 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/0612
摘要： A heat exchanger uses the heat from processed fuel gas from a reformer for a fuel cell to superheat steam, to preheat raw fuel prior to entering the reformer and to heat a water-steam coolant mixture from the fuel cells. The processed fuel gas temperature is thus lowered to a level useful in the fuel cell reaction. The four temperature adjustments are accomplished in a single heat exchanger with only three heat transfer cores. The heat exchanger is preheated by circulating coolant and purge steam from the power section during startup of the latter.
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公开(公告)号：US06828048B2
公开(公告)日：2004-12-07
申请号：US09992591
申请日：2001-11-06
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04231 , B01J19/0006 , B01J2208/00309 , B01J2208/00716 , B01J2219/00006 , B01J2219/00225 , B01J2219/00252 , C01B3/48 , C01B2203/0227 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/044 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/1609 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/0618 , H01M8/0662 , H01M8/0668 , H01M8/0675 , H01M8/10
摘要： A fuel cell system that includes fuel processing components, such as a reformer and shift converter, for converting an organic fuel to hydrogen, is shut-down by disconnecting the fuel cell from its load and purging the fuel processing components of residual hydrogen with a flow of air. The purge air may be forced through the components in series or in parallel, using a blower; or, the purge air may be allowed to enter the components through a low inlet, whereupon the air rises through the components by natural circulation and exits through a high outlet, along with the residual hydrogen.
摘要翻译： 燃料电池系统包括用于将有机燃料转化为氢的燃料处理部件，例如重整器和换档转换器，通过将燃料电池从其负载断开并用流动来清除残余氢气的燃料处理部件来关闭 的空气。 可以使用鼓风机将吹扫空气串联或并联地强制通过组件; 或者，可以通过低入口使吹扫空气进入部件，于是空气通过自然循环而上升通过部件，并与残留的氢气一起通过高出口排出。
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公开(公告)号：US06794077B2
公开(公告)日：2004-09-21
申请号：US10036181
申请日：2001-12-28
IPC分类号： H01M202
CPC分类号： H01M8/04291 , H01M8/0247 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04104 , H01M8/04134 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/2457 , H01M8/2484
摘要： A proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell includes fuel and oxidant flow field plates (26, 40) having fuel and oxidant channels (27, 28; 41, 44), and water channels, the ends (29, 48) of which that are adjacent to the corresponding reactant gas inlet manifold (34, 42) are dead ended, the other ends (31, 50) draining excess water into the corresponding reactant gas exhaust manifold (36, 45). Flow restrictors (39, 47) maintain reactant gas pressure above exit manifold pressure, and may comprise interdigitated channels (65, 66; 76, 78). Solid reactant gas flow field plates have small holes (85, 88) between reactant gas channels (27, 28; 41) and water drain channels (29, 30; 49, 50). In one embodiment, the fuel cells of a stack may be separated by either coolant plates (51) or solid plates (55) or both. In a second embodiment, coolant plates (51a) have weep holes (57) that inject water into the ends (29) of the reactant gas water channels which are in the region of the inlet manifold (34), thereby assuring humidification of the reactants.
摘要翻译： 质子交换膜（PEM）燃料电池包括具有燃料和氧化剂通道（27,28,41,44）和水通道的燃料和氧化剂流场板（26,40），其中所述端部（29,48） 邻近相应的反应气体入口歧管（34,42）是死端的，另一端（31,50）将多余的水排放到相应的反应气体排气歧管（36,45）中。 流量限制器（39,47）将反应气体压力保持在出口歧管压力以上，并且可以包括交错的通道（65,66; 76,78）。 固体反应物气体流场板在反应气体通道（27,28; 41）和排水通道（29,30; 49,50）之间具有小孔（85,88）。 在一个实施例中，堆叠的燃料电池可以由冷却板（51）或固体板（55）或两者分开。 在第二实施例中，冷却剂板（51a）具有将水注入位于入口歧管（34）的区域中的反应物气体水通道的端部（29）的排水孔（57），从而确保反应物的加湿 。
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