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公开(公告)号：US07678163B2
公开(公告)日：2010-03-16
申请号：US11412910
申请日：2006-04-28
IPC分类号： C10L5/00
CPC分类号： C10L5/44 , B01J21/04 , B01J21/06 , B01J21/066 , C02F11/10 , C02F11/121 , C10G1/08 , C10G1/086 , C10G2300/1011 , C10G2400/04 , C10L5/46 , C10L9/086 , Y02E50/10 , Y02E50/30 , Y02P30/20 , Y02W10/30 , Y02W10/40
摘要： The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for intensifying the energy content of an organic material by converting the material into hydrocarbons and the resulting product thereof. A method for converting an organic material into hydrocarbon fuels is disclosed. The method comprising the steps of pressurising said organic material being in a fluid to a pressure above 225 bar, heating said organic material in said fluid to a temperature above 200 C in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst comprising a compound of at least one element of group IA of the periodic table of elements. The disclosed method further comprises the steps of contacting said organic material in said fluid with a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a compound of at least one element of group IVB of the periodic table and/or alpha-alumina assuring that said fluid has initially a pH value of above 7.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及通过将材料转化成烃及其所得产物来增强有机材料的能量含量的方法和装置。 公开了一种将有机材料转化成烃燃料的方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：将处于流体中的所述有机材料加压至高于225巴的压力，将均匀的催化剂存在下将所述流体中的所述有机材料加热到高于200℃的温度，所述均相催化剂包含至少一种元素的化合物 元素周期表的IA组。 所公开的方法还包括以下步骤：使所述流体中的所述有机材料与非均相催化剂接触，所述非均相催化剂包含周期表第IVB族元素的至少一种元素和/或α-氧化铝，确保所述流体最初的pH值为 7以上。
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2.发明授权Method and a system for separating an aqueous suspension containing fibrous particles into fractions of different average characteristics 失效方法和将含有纤维颗粒的含水悬浮液分离成不同平均特征的级分的系统
公开(公告)号：US4288317A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-08
申请号：US38045
申请日：1979-05-11
申请人： Alfonso de Ruvo , Bo Norman , Geoffrey G. Duffy , Klaus Moller , Karl E. Hansen , Karsten S. Felsvang , Erik Liborius
发明人： Alfonso de Ruvo , Bo Norman , Geoffrey G. Duffy , Klaus Moller , Karl E. Hansen , Karsten S. Felsvang , Erik Liborius
摘要： A method and system for separating an aqueous suspension containing fibrous particles into fractions of different average characteristics. The suspension to be separated is supplied to a separator disc rotating in a horizontal plane in the upper part of a chamber, in which collecting means are arranged in different zones to receive material dispersed from the disc. The method and system are effective for the separation of paper pulp suspensions such as groundwood pulp, chemical pulp, sediment or waste paper pulp into fractions of different fibre size and for the cleaning of paper pulp suspensions for impurity particles such as sand, shives and splinters. Another field of application is the separation of mineral wool suspensions into fractions consisting mainly of fibrous and spherical particles, respectively.
摘要翻译： 一种用于将含有纤维颗粒的含水悬浮液分离成不同平均特征的级分的方法和系统。 要分离的悬浮液被供给到在室的上部沿水平面旋转的分离盘，其中收集装置布置在不同的区域中以接收从盘分散的材料。 该方法和系统对于将纸浆悬浮液如碎木浆，化学纸浆，沉淀物或废纸浆分离成不同纤维尺寸的部分以及用于清洁杂质颗粒例如沙子，碎片和碎片的纸浆悬浮液是有效的 。 另一个应用领域是将矿棉悬浮液分别分成主要由纤维和球形颗粒组成的级分。
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公开(公告)号：US5085843A
公开(公告)日：1992-02-04
申请号：US552645
申请日：1990-07-16
IPC分类号： B01D53/50
CPC分类号： B01D53/501
摘要： A desulphurization process, in which acid components of waste gas are removed by spray drying absorption, using an aqueous suspension of slaked lime or limestone as absorbent with recycling of part of the reaction product to the absorbent, is controlled on the basis of determination of the chloride content of the aqueous suspension including recycled reaction product. The chloride content of the absorbent is used as the basis for (a) controlling the amount of chloride in the aqueous suspension to such a value that a specific chloride content of the spray dried product is between 1 and 7% by weight, and, within this range is related to the difference between the temperature of the desulphurized waste gas and the adiabatic saturation temperature thereof, and/or (b) for controlling the quantity of water evaporated by the spray drying, which is also related to the set forth chloride content, to change the difference between the temperature of the desulphurized waste gas and the adiabatic saturation temperature thereof, to provide a minimum temperature difference so as to maximize the acid base reaction yet maintain an actual temperature difference high enough to avoid sticky products.
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4372926A
公开(公告)日：1983-02-08
申请号：US256533
申请日：1981-04-22
摘要： In connection with the desulfurization and dedusting of flue gas where use is made of a combined spray drying and absorption and the material produced by this process is filtered off from the gas stream together with fly ash, a heating of the flue gas is performed prior to its discharge into the atmosphere by admixture of hot, non-purified flue gas. This admixture takes place so that the flue gas serving for the reheating passes through only a part of the available filter area, which allows the remaining part of the filter area to be kept at a relatively low temperature. This results in a particularly high sulfur dioxide absorption being achieved during the passage of the flue gas through the filter.A baghouse unit divided up in a special manner can be used in the process.
摘要翻译： 关于使用组合的喷雾干燥和吸收的烟道气的脱硫和除尘，并且通过该过程产生的材料与飞灰一起从飞灰中滤出，烟道气的加热在 通过混合热，非纯化的烟气排放到大气中。 发生这种混合物，使得用于再加热的烟道气仅通过可用过滤器区域的一部分，这允许过滤器区域的剩余部分保持在相对低的温度。 这导致在烟道气通过过滤器期间实现特别高的二氧化硫吸收。 在此过程中可以使用以特殊方式分割的袋式除菌装置。
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公开(公告)号：US4595576A
公开(公告)日：1986-06-17
申请号：US413419
申请日：1982-08-31
CPC分类号： B01D53/34 , C01F11/464 , Y10S423/16
摘要： Spent absorbents resulting from desulfurization of flue gas in a spray drying-absorption process contain substantial amounts of sulfite, e.g. calcium sulfite. Said sulfite is oxidized into sulfate by heating of the spent absorbent in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas, preferably at temperatures of 350.degree.-600.degree. C. Thereby the spent absorbents may be converted into materials having industrial utility.
摘要翻译： 在喷雾干燥吸收过程中由烟道气脱硫产生的废吸收剂含有大量的亚硫酸盐， 亚硫酸钙。 所述亚硫酸盐通过在含氧气体的存在下，优选在350-600℃的温度下加热废弃的吸收剂而被氧化成硫酸盐。由此，废弃的吸收剂可以转化为具有工业实用性的材料。
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公开(公告)号：US4560543A
公开(公告)日：1985-12-24
申请号：US615434
申请日：1984-05-30
CPC分类号： C01B17/60 , B01D53/501
摘要： Hot waste gas is desulfurized in a spray drying-absorption process performed in an absorption chamber wherein a fluidized layer of partially reacted absorbent is maintained in the bottom area. Improved conditions are obtained for the reaction between absorbent and sulfur oxides in the waste gas, whereby the use of inexpensive absorbents of relatively low reactivity, such as limestone, comes into consideration.
摘要翻译： 在吸收室中进行的喷雾干燥吸收过程中，将热废气脱硫，其中部分反应的吸收剂的流化层保持在底部区域。 对于废气中的吸收剂和硫氧化物之间的反应获得了改进的条件，由此考虑使用具有较低反应性的廉价吸收剂，例如石灰石。
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公开(公告)号：US4442080A
公开(公告)日：1984-04-10
申请号：US383999
申请日：1982-06-01
CPC分类号： B01D53/60
摘要： A process for simultaneous removal of sulfur oxides (SO.sub.x) and nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) from gaseous mixtures (such as flue gases and industrial waste gases) containing them which comprises contacting the gaseous mixture with a particulate alkaline earth hydroxide and reaction products of the gaseous mixture and the hydroxide maintained in a moving bed reactor (preferably a fluid bed reactor) at a temperature of about 85.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. in the presence of water vapor and oxygen and in the substantial absence of liquid water. A baghouse or other particle removal means preferably is employed to extract solid material such as fly ash and reaction products from the gaseous mixture being treated and to further capture unreacted SO.sub.x /NO.sub.x.
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8.发明授权Production of a powder of polyvinylchloride or a vinylchloride copolymerizate suitable for producing plastisols 失效生产适合生产增塑溶胶的聚氯乙烯或氯乙烯共聚物粉末
公开(公告)号：US4229249A
公开(公告)日：1980-10-21
申请号：US22885
申请日：1979-03-22
申请人： Karsten S. Felsvang , Ove E. Hansen
发明人： Karsten S. Felsvang , Ove E. Hansen
CPC分类号： C08J3/122 , B01D1/18 , F26B3/12 , C08J2327/06 , Y10S159/10
摘要： An aqueous dispersion of polyvinylchloride or vinylchloride copolymerizate is spray dried in a flow of drying air in a drying tower which contains at least one two-fluid nozzle for atomizing the aqueous dispersion and an injection member for pressurized air for providing the atomized particles with a rotary motion, about the longitudinal axis of the drying tower. A controlled rotary motion is imparted to the mixture of sprayed particles and the drying air. The heat economy and product quality are improved since it is possible to use a high drying air inlet temperature and to obtain an easily grindable powder suitable for producing stable, low viscosity plastisols.
摘要翻译： 将聚氯乙烯或氯乙烯共聚物的水分散体在干燥塔中的干燥空气流中喷雾干燥，该干燥塔包含至少一个用于雾化水分散体的双流体喷嘴和用于加压空气的注射构件，用于向雾化颗粒提供旋转 关于干燥塔的纵向轴线的运动。 受控的旋转运动被赋予喷雾颗粒和干燥空气的混合物。 由于可以使用高的干燥空气入口温度并且获得适于生产稳定的低粘度增塑溶胶的易于研磨的粉末，因此热效率和产品质量得到改善。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5435980A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-25
申请号：US787433
申请日：1991-11-04
摘要： A method is disclosed of improving the Hg removing capability of flue gas purification processes for coal-fired power plant flue gases using spray drying absorption systems. By adjusting the chloride content of the flue gas or the absorbent a permanent high Hg removal is achieved.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种使用喷雾干燥吸收系统来改善燃煤电厂烟道气烟气净化过程的除汞能力的方法。 通过调节烟道气或吸收剂的氯化物含量，可实现永久的高Hg去除。
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10.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4442079A
公开(公告)日：1984-04-10
申请号：US382968
申请日：1982-05-28
CPC分类号： B01D53/60
摘要： A process for removal of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides from waste gases by contacting the waste gases with a particulate material comprising an alkaline earth based absorbent for sulfur oxides. Essential features are a reaction temperature of 85.degree.-145.degree. C., a maximum value of 3 for the ratio of nitrogen oxides to sulfur oxides, and the presence of oxygen and moisture. In its preferred form the process comprises a spray drying-absorption reaction followed by particle separation in a bag house. Removal efficiency is improved by the presence of minor amounts of sodium sulfite together with the alkaline earth based absorbent. Also a special conveyance of material may be applied to improve efficiency.
摘要翻译： 通过使废气与包含用于硫氧化物的碱土金属吸收剂的颗粒材料接触来从废气中除去氮氧化物和硫氧化物的方法。 基本特征是反应温度为85°-145℃，氮氧化物与硫氧化物的比例最大值为3，氧气和水分的存在。 在其优选形式中，该方法包括喷雾干燥吸收反应，随后在袋式室中进行颗粒分离。 通过少量的亚硫酸钠与碱土类吸收剂一起存在，提高了除去效率。 也可以应用特殊的物料运送来提高效率。
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