摘要:
In conventional organic EL light-emitting devices, the ITO used for a transparent electrode has a refractive index of about 2.0 larger than the refractive index of 1.5 of a transparent glass substrate. As a result, the mode of most of light traveling from the transparent electrode toward the glass substrate is the transparent electrode guided mode, and no light is emitted from the transparent electrode toward the glass substrate. According to the invention, the light extraction efficiency of conventional light-emitting devices such as organic EL light-emitting devices is improved by using mode conversion means so as to solve the problem that conventional light-emitting devices such as organic EL light-emitting devices have low light extraction efficiencies. A light-emitting device of the invention comprises a light-emitting layer on a substrate and mode conversion means for converting the mode from the guided mode into an emission mode. The mode conversion means is provided in the substrate, in the light-emitting layer, or at the interface between the substrate and the light-emitting layer.
摘要:
In conventional organic EL light-emitting devices, the ITO used for a transparent electrode has a refractive index of about 2.0 larger than the refractive index of 1.5 of a transparent glass substrate. As a result, the mode of most of light traveling from the transparent electrode toward the glass substrate is the transparent electrode guided mode, and no light is emitted from the transparent electrode toward the glass substrate. According to the invention, the light extraction efficiency of conventional light-emitting devices such as organic EL light-emitting devices is improved by using mode conversion means so as to solve the problem that conventional light-emitting devices such as organic EL light-emitting devices have low light extraction efficiencies. A light-emitting device of the invention comprises a light-emitting layer on a substrate and mode conversion means for converting the mode from the guided mode into an emission mode. The mode conversion means is provided in the substrate, in the light-emitting layer, or at the interface between the substrate and the light-emitting layer.
摘要:
A photoelectric transducer (10) including: a semiconductor layer (13); and a photonic crystal (21) formed inside the semiconductor layer, the photonic crystal being formed by providing nanorods (19) inside the semiconductor layer, each of the nanorods having a refractive index lower than that of a medium of the semiconductor layer, the nanorods being provided two-dimensionally and periodically at a pitch of not less than λ/4 nor more than λ, where λ is a wavelength of a peak of resonance caused by the photonic crystal, the photoelectric transducer satisfying the following formula: 0.2QV≦Qα≦5.4QV where Qv is (a) a Q value which indicates a magnitude of an effect of resonance caused by coupling between the photonic crystal and an external world and (b) in proportion to a reciprocal of a coefficient κV indicating a strength of the coupling between the photonic crystal and the external world, and Qa is (a) a Q value which indicates a magnitude of an effect of resonance caused by the medium of the semiconductor layer and (b) in proportion to a reciprocal of a coefficient αa of light absorption by the medium of the semiconductor layer. This allows an increase in light absorption ratio of a photoelectric transducer including a photonic crystal structure.
摘要:
A solar cell (1) of the present invention includes a photoelectric conversion layer (2) and a photonic crystal provided inside the photoelectric conversion layer (2) in order to have a photonic band gap. The photonic crystal has defects (31) in order to provide a defect level in the photonic band gap. QV which is a Q value representing a magnitude of a resonance effect yielded by coupling between the photonic crystal and an outside is substantially equal to Qα which is a Q value representing a magnitude of a resonance effect yielded by a medium of the photoelectric conversion layer (2).
摘要:
A photoelectric conversion element (1) of the present invention includes: a photoelectric conversion layer (2); and a photonic crystal provided inside the photoelectric conversion layer (2) to provide a photonic band gap, the photonic crystal being designed such that nanorods (30) whose refraction index is smaller than that of a medium of the photoelectric conversion layer (2) are provided periodically inside the photoelectric conversion layer (2), and there are provided defects (31) to provide a defect level in the photonic band gap, when a wavelength of a resonance peak corresponding to the defect level is λ, the nanorods (30) are provided two-dimensionally with a pitch of not less than λ/7 and not more than λ/2, and a coefficient κV indicative of strength of coupling between the photonic crystal and the outside is substantially equal to a coefficient α of absorption of light by the photoelectric conversion layer (2).
摘要:
A solar cell (1) of the present invention includes a photoelectric conversion layer (2) and a photonic crystal provided inside the photoelectric conversion layer (2) in order to have a photonic band gap. The photonic crystal has defects (31) in order to provide a defect level in the photonic band gap. QV which is a Q value representing a magnitude of a resonance effect yielded by coupling between the photonic crystal and an outside is substantially equal to Qα which is a Q value representing a magnitude of a resonance effect yielded by a medium of the photoelectric conversion layer (2).
摘要:
A laser device including a plurality of oscillating means for oscillating a plurality of laser lights being continuous lights and having frequencies different from each other, respectively, multiplexing means for multiplexing, after amplifying or without amplifying, the respective laser lights oscillated from the respective oscillating means at a predetermined position to generate a multiplexed light, and phase control means for controlling the phase of each of the laser lights so that a peak in output of the multiplexed light repeatedly appears at predetermined time intervals at the predetermined position (so that the same pulse temporal waveform repeatedly appears at predetermined time intervals).
摘要:
A copolymer comprising (i) an olefin unit selected from the group consisting of an ethylene unit and an α-olefin unit having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and (ii) a unit of a compound represented by the formula, CH2═CH—(R1)m—SO3X; and a process for producing said copolymer comprising the step of contacting (i) the above-mentioned olefin, and (ii) the above-mentioned compound with a polymerization catalyst, wherein m is a number of 0 or 1, R1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbylene group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and X is a mono-valent cationic species.
摘要:
A polar monomer-olefin copolymer comprising a polar monomer unit in an amount of 50 to 75% by mol and an olefin unit in an amount of 25 to 50% by mol, and containing a chain structure consisting of two or more olefin units; a process for producing said copolymer comprising the step of radically copolymerizing 100 parts by mol of an olefin with 1 to 100 parts by mol of a polar monomer; and a process for producing said copolymer comprising the step of radically copolymerizing an olefin having a concentration in a polymerization reactor of 0.04 to 100 mol/liter with a polar monomer having a concentration therein of 0.01 to 25 mol/liter.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a vinyl polymer terminated in a silanol group, a hydrolyzable silyl group or an acrylic functional group, to a method of producing a vinyl polymer having a hydrolyzable silyl group at one or more termini thereof which comprises reacting a vinyl polymer having a silanol group at one or more termini thereof with a silicon compound having two or more silicon atom-bound hydrolyzable groups, and a method of producing a vinyl polymer having an acrylic functional group at one or more termini thereof which comprises reacting a vinyl polymer having a silanol group at one or more termini thereof with a silicon compound represented by the general formula (3): XSiR2—G—O—C(O)C(L)═CH2 (3) wherein X is a hydrolyzable group.