Abstract:
Simple and complex unsaturated compounds are prepared by decomposition of certain xanthate ester - Lewis acid complexes. Xanthate esters of the form: WHERE R is an alkyl function having at least one H in a position alpha to the R - O bond, (C)n is a linear alkyl function either substituted or unsubstituted, with n 1 - 3, X has a basicity greater than the FUNCTION AND COMPRISES A C or S containing functional group having at least one double or triple bond to a hetero atom, the functional group being connected to (C)n through C or S; are reacted with Lewis acids, either neat or in non-protonic nonaqueous solvents, to yield a Lewis acid complex of the esters. The Lewis acid - xanthate ester complex is decomposed by admixture with water or a protonic non-aqueous solvent, e.g. methanol, ethanol, etc., glycol, cellosolve, liquid ammonia, lower alkyl primary or secondary amines, aniline, etc., to yield an unsaturated derivative of R.
Abstract:
A METHOD OF VENTING FLUIDS FROM ARTIFICIAL TUBULAR CASINGS MADE BY THE VISCOSE PROCESS COMPRISES PERFORATING MULTIPLE SMALL HOLES IN A DISCRETE AREA OF THE CELLULOSE XANTHATE CASING DURING REGENERATION THEROF. THE HOLES ARE LATER FILLED WITH A SUITABLE LIQUID, GEL-FORMING DOPE (E.G., A 16% CELLULOSE, LOW DEGREE OF POLYMERIZATION, VISCOSE) OR WITH A SOLID SUSPENSION OR SLURRY OF WATER SWELLABLE MATERIAL (E.G., LOW ALKALI UNREGENERATED CELLULOSE XANTHATE) IN A WATER-MISCIBLE ORGANIC SOLVENT (E.G., ACETONE) OR BY SECURING A SOLID FILM PATCH SUCH AS CELLULOSE ONTO THE GEL CASING WITH AN ADHESIVE SUCH AS ALPHA-CYANOMETHYL ACRYLATE MONOMER.
Abstract:
POLYMERIC ALCOHOL DERIVATIVES CONSISTING OF POLYMERIC ALCOHOL SULFONIC ACIDS CONTAINING S-XANTHOGENATE ESTER SUBSTITUENTS OF THE GENERAL FORMULA
-O-C(=X)-S-R-SO3H
AND SALTS OF SAID POLYMERIC ALCOHOL SULFONIC ACIDS PREPARED BY REACTION OF A SULTONE, E.G., 1,3-PROPANE SULTONE, WITH THE FREE ACID FORM OR A SALT OF A POLYMERIC ALCOHOL XANTHOGENATE ESTER, E.G., CELLULOSE XANTHATE. THE NOVEL OMEGA-SULFONATED POLYMERIC ALCOHOL DERIVATIVES HAVE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, E.G., SOLUBILITY, VISCOSITY, REACTIVITY WITH CROSS-LINKING AGENTS, AND AN ANIONIC CHARACTER, ADAPTING THEM FOR ADVANTAGEOUS USE IN A WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATION. THE DERIVATIVES FINE PARTICULAR UTILITY AS ANTI-STATIC AND ANTI-SOILING AGENTS WHICH ARE EFFECTIVE WHEN APPLIED TO A WIDE RANGE OF SOIL RECEPTIVE SUBSTRATES, E.G., NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC TEXILES.
Abstract:
A METHOD OF VENTING FLUIDS FROM ANTIFICAL TUBULAR CASINGS MADE BY THE VISCOSE PROCESS COMPRISES PERFORATING MULTIPLE SMALL HOLES IN A DISCRETE AREA OF THE CELLULOSE XANTHATE CASING DURING REGENERATION THEREOF. THE HOLES ARE SUBSEQUENTLY PATCHED BY APPLICATION OF A SOLID FILM PATCH, SUCH AS REGENERATED CELLULOSE FILM, ONTO THE GEL CASING WITH A WATER-ACTIVATED ADHESIVE, SUCH AS ALPHACYANOMETHYL ACRYLATE MONOMER.
Abstract:
This invention relates to an improvement in a process for producing fibrous (reinforced) artificial sausage casings. In the basic process, a porous web is formed into a tube, impregnated with polymeric dope in an impregnation zone vented for removal of accumulated fluids, coagulated, regenerated, and then inflated for drying. The improvement in this basic process resides in the method for venting fluids from the tubular fibrous casing and comprises masking a section of the porous web with a masking agent prior to impregnating said web in said impregnation zone thereby preventing this section from being impregnated with the polymeric dope and then removing said mask after the casing has passed through said impregnating zone. In a preferred embodiment after regeneration and prior to drying, the masked section is coated with a flexible, air impermeable film-forming material.
Abstract:
An improvement in simultaneously plasticizing and drying tubular food casings of hydrophilic film comprises passing gel tubular film continuously through a hygroscopic solution containing a hygroscopic plasticizer at a rate sufficient to remove a predetermined amount of water therefrom without reaching equilibrium distribution of water and plasticizer between said gel film and said solution.